This article examines the role of epideictic rhetoric as a tool for promoting civic virtue in the public realm through the application of Kenneth Burke's theory of identification and John Dewey's explanation of an aesthetic experience. Long the jurisdiction of Aristotle's logical arguments, civic discussion usually works within the realm of forensic or deliberative persuasion. However, scholarship in the last fifty years suggests there is an unexplored dimension of Aristotle's discussion of epideictic and emotion that needs to be examined in an attempt to identify its usefulness as a tool for examining human experience and practical behavior in the political realm. I attempt to add to the discussion by exploring the presidential funerals of Abraham Lincoln, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan as opportunities for a nation to display a hero's virtues as extensions of society's virtues. Virtues often define what a nation considers good which, in turn, influences the nature of the discussion and often determines political action.

In this essay, I go through the stories that are about Sara, or Saraj, from Genesis 11 through Genesis 23 with the goal of finding out what theology we can read from the character Sara. The central elements of the theology conveyed through Sarah are how God relates to Sarah and Sarahs role in the promise of a people and a land, the promise that Abraham receives in Genesis 12. Sarah has only lines in three stories; Genesis 16, 18 and 21 so these chapters form the basis of most of the study. Other stories where Sara is included will only be treated briefly. In Genesis 16, which is about the conflict with Hagar, I come to the conclusion that the story intends to answer the question why Abraham does not have children through another woman. Furthermore, I argue that Sara is the character who initiates the story and despite her hesitant actions is a positive character from God's perspective. In Genesis 18, which is about when Sarah meets God, she is at the center of the story and is portrayed as a person considered by God. In Genesis 21, Sara is both the character at the center of the story and the one who initiates the conflict in the second part of the story. Here, too, she is portrayed as a person considered by God. Common to all the stories is that the consequences of the stories always mean that Sara is the chosen one to give birth to the promised son. Furthermore, Sara is portrayed as a person with human reactions and feelings that God understands and takes into account. Through her, the promise of a people is fulfilled and the promise of a land also begins with her.

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This work is intended to add to literature of American race relations, Lincoln history, Civil War history, and American history. It illustrates how most historians have processed Civil War and Lincoln history by centralizing emancipation as the primary policy by which all information of mid-nineteenth century political and cultural information is processed through. This research validates evidence that nineteenth century policy of the colonization of people of African descent can be equally qualified, compared to emancipation, as a central policy of this period during the Lincoln presidency and the Civil War. Considering this policy as a primary nuance of the political structure of the mid-nineteenth century speaks to a different historical implication when interpreting Civil War, Lincoln history, and American race relations of this period. Interpreting mid-nineteenth century American dynamics through a lens of what was called "colonization" of people of African descent more broadly leads historians from eighteenth century American structure into Black removal efforts via colonization in efforts to address issue of what groups would play a role in the participatory government. Penal slavery was America's resulting policy to address Negro belongingness and placement in the nation once it was evident the colonization of the nineteenth century Negro was not a viable option. It in fact, upon the failure of his largest and final colonization attempt, Lincoln replaced colonization with penal slavery as his recommended policy to become the Thirteenth Amendment. I submit that historians interpret this period considering colonization with the same influence of emancipation. First, centralizing colonization, with the concept of emancipation, adds a new emphasis on the United States recognition of Haiti and Liberia, displaying it a much more significant event in mid-nineteenth century America. Second, considering the influence of Negro colonization on mid-nineteenth century America, the period illustrates a dynamic rarely associated with the Civil War transference of American slaveocracy from chattel slavery to penal slavery—as articulated in the Thirteenth Amendment. It better explains how a Civil War of emancipation resulted in another one hundred years of oppressive federal and state racial legislation and imprisonment and broadens our interpretation of the sixteenth president. Adding the colonization of Blacks throughout the nineteenth century and following its path as a perceived solution to Negro belongingness, historians will be led in new ways to interpret how slavery was ultimately transformed during the Civil War, and not abolished in 1865, as prevalent in popular education and US scholarship laments. This research adds that slavery was actually transferred from the private sector to the public sector, specifically the judiciary branch of government, by way of the Thirteenth Amendment's restriction of slavery occurring on in result of legal processes. As important as anything else, the insertion of colonization's influence casts Lincoln as a president more accurately aligned with the primary sources of the mid-nineteenth century as opposed to popular Lincoln narratives. Lincoln's elevation of Negro colonization from private interests to federally induced migration creates a more accurate understanding of who Lincoln was and aligns better with who he represented himself to be—as opposed to only considering emancipation as the only influential policy of the period. Centralizing the significant policy of removing Blacks from the nation during the nineteenth century creates new understandings of notions and perspectives of freedom moving forward from early self-governance formation to modern American race relation.

The Abraham solvation model (ABSM) is an experimentally derived predictive model used to help predict various solute properties. This work covers various uses for the ABSM including predicting molar enthalpies of vaporization, predicting solvent coefficients for two new solvents (2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane and diethyl carbonate), predicting values for multiple new ionic liquids (ILs). This work also introduces a novel method for updating IL ABSM parameters by updating cation- and anion-specific values using linear algebra and binary matrices.

The gemological collection of Abraham Gottlob Werner contains 1374 sample numbers for 25 different minerals with 38 gemological varieties, including 15 newly added numbers of samples, which were not recorded in the original catalog of 1823. In total, 168 samples were recorded as lost by the later researchers, 4 samples were taken for the chain for the rector of the university, samples of 2 different numbers in the catalog were exchanged for cut stones, and 3 times’ volume requisitions happened. A total of 256 sample numbers show discrepancies and therefore are not in accordance with the original record in the catalog. In the collection, 6.8% of the numbers are rock sample with embedded crystals, 20.7% of the numbers are in the form of crystal, 30.6% of the numbers are fragments, 11.6% of the numbers are grains, and the remaining 711 samples are cut. Except for Esa. No. 644a containing four cushion cut samples, all faceted cuts were recorded in the original catalog of 1823. However, the brilliant, oval, step, emerald, scissor, and radiant cut forms were invented after the gemological collection of Werner, which means 189 samples do probably not belong to the original collection. They could be from another collection due to the requisitions, or the later researchers of the collection added or exchanged the samples with new ones. The mineral names of the catalog from 1823 refer to Werner's mineral system, some of the mineral's names are not used anymore. With the development of mineralogy and gemology, the special names of the gemstones as varieties of minerals are gradually standardized. 51 samples are wrong identifications and 8 pieces of glass have been recognized. The zircon samples of the collection provide a research resource for the study of metamictization. Both color and density of zircon could be an indicator of the metamictization degree. The metamictization has a significant influence on the gemological properties of zircon. The green tone and low density cannot be considered as an identifying characteristic of metamict zircon, although they are still a sign of metamictization. Comparing six mineralogical or geological collections at Werner’s time, the catalogs of five collections used his nomenclature of samples and only the catalog of the mineralogical collection of Adolf Traugott von Gersdorf is geographical. To his time the outstanding gemological collection of Abraham Gottlob Werner represented the broadest quantity of gemological varieties. A modern gemological database of the collection has been founded, the meta-data provides an important base for further research and development.:Acknowledgements I Abstract III Table of Contexts IV List of figures VI List of tables VII 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Abraham Gottlob Werner 1 1.2 The mineral system of Werner 1 1.3 The gemological collection of Werner 3 2. Methods 6 2.1 Specific gravity (SG) measurements 6 2.1.1 Hydrostatic weighing 6 2.1.2 He-pycnometer 6 2.2 Color 6 2.2.1 Munsell color system 7 2.2.2 The CIE L*C*h color system 8 2.3 The optical measurements 9 2.3.1 Polariscope 9 2.3.2 Refractometer 10 2.3.3 Dichroscope 11 2.4 Ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test 12 2.5 Raman spectroscopy 12 3. New model for the inventory of the gemological collection of Werner 13 4. Discussion 16 4.1 Cut cutting in the course of time 16 4.2 Classification of gemstones 24 4.2.1 Individual names of gemstones 25 4.2.2 Different identifications with the catalog of 1823 29 4.2.3 Imitation of gemstones 31 4.3 Raman spectrum study of zircons 32 4.4 Comparison of the outstanding Werner Collection with other collections in the second half of 18th century 39 4.4.1 The natural history collection of Linck family (1638-1807) 39 4.4.2 The Minerals cabinet of Eugen Pabst von Ohain (1718-1784) 40 4.4.3 The natural history collection of the University of Rostock 40 4.4.4 The mineralogical collection of Adolf Traugott von Gersdorf (1744-1807) 41 4.4.5 The mineralogical, geological and paleontological collection of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) 42 4.4.6 Summary of the additional collections to Werner's time 43 5. Summary 44 Reference 46 Appendix A 59 Appendix B 63 Appendix C 67

This research has the objective to explore the concept of faith in the Gospel of Mark. An exegetical investigation of the faith terminology (pist-word group) in the Gospel is required for that. An analysis of the model passages with occurrences of the motword group shows the variety of possible connotations of the term. The most paradigmatic of them are in the sense of trust in God [which means to be open towards the highest reality]. Comparison of the results of the analysis with the concept of faith in the Old Testament, Classical Greek, and Hellenistic Greek is helpful to understand the etymology of the Markan use of the pist-word group and to make clear the conceptual meaning of faith in the Gospel which is closer to the Old Testament idea of an active commitment to God expressed in a continuous existence in the presence of Him. / New Testament / M. Th. (New Testament)

This diploma thesis, entitled "Testamentary Practice of Prague Jews Based on Analysis of the Books of Testaments from 1681-1850," deals with the Jewish books of testaments which arose from the office of the King's Prague Old Town during the years 1681 and 1850 and nowadays are deposited in Prague City Archives. The text relates to conclusions presented by previous bachelor thesis and its main aim is the analysis of Jewish last wills from years 1773- 1850 from various points of views - for instance typology of records, testators, language, contents and other. Also analysis of chosen records are attached to the practical section of the work - last wills and related writings of Abraham Offner, Philipp Eidlitz and Löwi Gisternitz are introduced. Collected datas are consequently compared with facts extracted from Jewish books of testaments from years 1681-1773. Detailed summary, diagrams, as well as the photographic attachment are the integral part of the text. Keywords: Jews, Prague, early modern period, manuscripts, testaments, testator, last wills, Abraham Offner, Philipp Eidlitz, Löwi Gisternitz

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-06-30T12:54:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS EDUARDO CAVALCANTI ALVES.pdf: 1101029 bytes, checksum: 2ace50373a6d6a68e9c60e246e14fa92 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T12:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS EDUARDO CAVALCANTI ALVES.pdf: 1101029 bytes, checksum: 2ace50373a6d6a68e9c60e246e14fa92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / The present dissertation aims to analyze the relationship between faith and existence in the opus Fear and Trembling, by the danish thinker S?ren Aabye Kierkegaard, present in the Problemata section. Written under the pseudonym Johannes de Silentio, it is a compliment to the faith of the biblical patriarch Abraham, especially that presented in the Scripture account of the proof to which God submitted him: the request that he sacrifice his son Isaac. In order to do so, the contextualization of the author's thinking in Fear and Trembling was first carried out. The identification of relevant events in his biography and the summary of his literary work showed that Kierkegaard called himself a religious author, whose reflection was aimed at understanding existence and the christian being. The Lutheran state church and the Lutheran pietist movement formed the cultural-religious milieu in which the Danish author was formed, both influencing his thinking and composing the background of his reflections in the opus under investigation. Theology, philosophy, ecclesiastical practice, and Christianity of his time were criticized by him. In Fear and Trembling, these were elaborated by arguments referring to the theological-philosophical conceptions of Lutheranism-Pietism, Kant, the liberal theology and Romanticism of Schleiermacher, Hamann and, especially, Hegel. The Problemata, central to Kierkegaard's opus and arguments, is composed of three chapters, which present the ethical problems derived from Abraham's willingness to sacrifice Isaac, titled: "Is there a teleological suspension of the ethical?, "Is there an absolute duty to God?" and "Has it been ethically defensible on the part of Abraham to have kept silent about his purpose before Sarah, Elieser, and Isaac??. The interpretation of the text allowed the conclusion that, in Fear and Trembling, reason is unable to explain Abraham, for ethics can not justify his attitude. Faith is the category through which the patriarch can be understood, paradoxically related to existence and occurs as a passion, in function of the absurd; part from the resignation before the infinite, in a double movement which returns to the finite to receive Isaac back. The Problemata also presents other categories, associated with the faith of Abraham, among which were identified and analyzed ethics, anxiety, trial, repetition, individuality and subjectivity. The presence of these categories in the patriarch's existence demonstrated a faith that occurs as interiority and is not limited to ethics. In order to obtain a greater breadth in the analysis of faith and the other categories, these were correlated with two other literary productions of Kierkegaard, in which they are present in different conceptual levels, namely, The repetition and The concept of anxiety. As a result, Abraham's faith proved to be a suprarational instance of thought and religious experience, from the phenomenological perspective, of openness to transcendence and belief in divine providence, seeking to overcome the limitations of existence. In addition, the faith presented in Fear and Trembling suggests unfolding of individual religious manifestation today, a "non-religious faith" unrelated to religious dogmas and institutional ecclesiastical authority, lived in the interior as an existential relationship with God. / A presente disserta??o tem por objetivo analisar a rela??o f? e exist?ncia na obra Temor e tremor, do pensador dinamarqu?s S?ren Aabye Kierkegaard, presente na se??o Problemata. Escrita sob o pseud?nimo Johannes de Silentio, ? um elogio ? f? do patriarca b?blico Abra?o, especialmente a apresentada na narra??o das Escrituras sobre a prova ? qual Deus submeteu-o: o pedido de que sacrificasse o filho Isaac. Para tanto, foi realizada primeiramente a contextualiza??o do pensamento do autor em Temor e tremor. A identifica??o de acontecimentos relevantes em sua biografia e do resumo de sua obra liter?ria evidenciou que Kierkegaard denominou-se um autor religioso, cuja reflex?o visava ? compreens?o da exist?ncia e do ser crist?o. A Igreja Luterana estatal e o movimento pietista luterano formaram o ambiente cultural-religioso em que o autor dinamarqu?s fora criado, os quais tanto influenciaram seu pensamento, quanto compuseram o pano de fundo de suas reflex?es na obra pesquisada. A teologia, a filosofia, a pr?tica eclesi?stica e o cristianismo de sua ?poca foram alvo de suas cr?ticas. Em Temor e tremor, estas foram elaboradas por argumentos referidos ?s concep??es teol?gico-filos?ficas do luteranismopietismo, de Kant, da teologia liberal e do romantismo de Schleiermacher, Hamann e, especialmente, de Hegel. A Problemata, parte central da obra e da argumenta??o de Kierkegaard, ? composta por tr?s cap?tulos, que apresentam os problemas ?ticos derivados da disposi??o de Abra?o em sacrificar Isaac, intitulados: ?Haver? uma suspens?o teleol?gica do ?tico??, ?Haver? um dever absoluto para com Deus?? e ?Ter? sido eticamente defens?vel da parte de Abra?o ter mantido sil?ncio sobre o seu prop?sito perante Sara, Elieser e Isaac??. A interpreta??o do texto permitiu a conclus?o de que, em Temor e tremor, a raz?o ? incapaz de explicar Abra?o, pois a ?tica n?o pode justificar sua atitude. A f? ? a categoria pela qual se pode compreender o patriarca, paradoxalmente relacionada ? exist?ncia e que ocorre como paix?o, em fun??o do absurdo; parte da resigna??o diante do infinito em um duplo movimento, que volta ao finito para receber Isaac de volta. A Problemata apresenta tamb?m outras categorias, associadas ? f? de Abra?o, dentre as quais foram identificadas e analisadas ?tica, ang?stia, prova??o, repeti??o, individualidade e subjetividade. A presen?a dessas categorias na exist?ncia do patriarca demonstrou uma f? que ocorre como interioridade e n?o est? limitada ? ?tica. Para a obten??o de uma maior amplitude na an?lise da f? e das demais categorias, estas foram correlacionadas com outras duas produ??es liter?rias de Kierkegaard, nas quais est?o presentes em diferentes n?veis conceituais, a saber, A repeti??o e O conceito de ang?stia. Em decorr?ncia, a f? de Abra?o mostrou-se como inst?ncia suprarracional do pensamento e experi?ncia religiosa, sob a perspectiva fenomenol?gica, de abertura ? transcend?ncia e cren?a na provid?ncia divina, em busca da supera??o das limita??es da exist?ncia. Ademais, a f? apresentada em Temor e tremor sugere desdobramentos quanto ? manifesta??o religiosa individual na atualidade, uma ?f? n?o religiosa? desvinculada dos dogmas religiosos e da autoridade eclesi?stica institucional, e vivida na interioridade como rela??o existencial com Deus.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-25T11:56:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Santesi Bianchini Amore.pdf: 1833291 bytes, checksum: 979fdd6ac345f6d9f95fa999697287aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T11:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Santesi Bianchini Amore.pdf: 1833291 bytes, checksum: 979fdd6ac345f6d9f95fa999697287aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work has an objective to analyze the appearing of petroleum industry on XIX century, from several researches which had been realized to obtain new sources of combustibles by distillation of mineral coal, vegetal and petroleum, including for illumination. They tried to analyze specifically the research contributions of Abraham Gesner (1846 – 1854) related to kerosene production, on a period which were proliferated researches related to development of new kind of combustibles. The development of this study was guided mainly on the analyze of the published work by Gesner, A Practical Treatise on Coal, Petroleum and Other Distilled Oils, where this publication became the main reference job for installation of petroleum distillery on second half of XIX century, on Unites States. It is possible to evidence with the publication of his book, Gesner, on the same time he had as a goal to make this job a practical manual for the installation and production of oils from the distillation of coal, bitume and petroleum, it also aimed to provide answers to his opponents on the several judicial disputes related to patents where he was involved / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o surgimento da indústria do petróleo no século XIX, a partir das várias pesquisas que estavam sendo realizadas a fim de se obter novas fontes de combustíveis por destilação de carvão mineral, vegetal e petróleo, inclusive para iluminação. Procurou-se analisar especificamente as contribuições das pesquisas de Abraham Gesner (1846-1854) relacionadas à produção do querosene, num período em que proliferavam as pesquisas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de novos combustíveis. O desenvolvimento deste estudo pautou-se principalmente na análise da obra publicada por Gesner, A Practical Treatise on Coal, Petroleum and Other Distilled Oils, publicação que se tornou a principal obra de referência para a instalação das destilarias de petróleo na segunda metade do século XIX, nos Estados Unidos. Pode-se evidenciar que, com a publicação de seu livro, Gesner, ao mesmo tempo que tinha por objetivo fazer desta obra um manual prático para a instalação e produção de óleos a partir da destilação de carvões, betume e petróleo, também visava apresentar respostas aos seus adversários nas várias disputas judiciais relativas às patentes nas quais se envolveu