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This thesis is a study of factory owner Abraham Abrahamson Hülphers’s collections of parish description about the parishes in Norrland, more specifically those about Medelpad and Ångermanland. The thesis seeks to explain how Hülphers’s collections were created in practice while also presenting the descriptions content and analysing the ideology it reproduced. It does so by analysing Hülphers’s published descriptions, his travel journal and some of his correspondence. The thesis uses Mary Louise Pratts ideas about the imperial gaze as a theoretical framework to understand the work of Hülphers and the relation between the enlightened middle class and the peasantry which they described. The thesis investigates the idea of the parish descriptions understood as Hülphers travel journal reworked, arguing that Hülphers journey through Norrland was important for social reasons, rather than information gathering, and presenting the collections as new texts, not transformed versions of the journal. Furthermore the thesis discusses who helped Hülphers create the descriptions and the impact these men, from the same enlightened middle class as Hülphers himself, had on the text. The thesis also handles the economic ideology of the enlightenment as mirrored and reproduced by the descriptions. Here the focus lies on the priorities of the parishes different lines of work and the boundless optimism of enlightenment man – as nature could be conquered completely by man’s reason. Finally the thesis discusses the way Hülphers described the local culture; what he considered to be virtues and vices in the peasant population in terms of habits, language and dress, also showing the great value he considered the local dignitaries to have and discussing his disdain towards the superstitions of old as these could lead a community towards chaos.

This essay is firstly a study of the early modern period in Sweden regarding questions of religion. Secondly the essay intents to interpret these religious questions with the help of theories surrounding Norbert Elias civilizing process. The main purpose of this essay is to examine the religious transformation-event that took place in Sweden during the the late 16th century where the archbishop of Uppsala Abraham Angermannus through an inquisitional inspection journey – or so called “räfst” – sought to punish the sinners of the kingdom. Furthermore the aim is to analyze and discuss this religious happening through what has been said in the Swedish historical field of research. The source material of the study is the court journal that compiles almost every case of the inspection journey in some some detail. Here demarcations are made where the study tend to focus on cases pertaining religious questions, Catholicism, magic and witchcraft. In conclusion I here argue that the purpose of the inspection journey, that was instigated on the behest of duke Charles, was the cessation of the apocalypse. Therfore all crimes that had any connection with Catholicism and non-Lutheran creeds, manners and faiths were looked upon with harshness and were further on bundled together and labled as witchcraft or black art. From the civilizing perspective I moreover claim that the inspection journey sometimes could have had the support of the people and that it was not only a project designed by and for the authorities needs. Therfore the study tend to lean more against a supporting of the development theory rather than that of the intervention theory. This in spite of the later criticism that was aimed against the archbishop and his inspection journey.

This thesis examines the concept of sovereignty, as developed by the jurist Carl Schmitt, and argues that this concept helps to elucidate the very core of Fear and Trembling, a text that continues to be heavily misunderstood despite its great fame in Western thought today. Through a close examination of Schmitt’s formulation of the concept of sovereignty and the method by which he develops this concept through Kierkegaard’s concept of the exception in Repetition, I show how Kierkegaard influenced Schmitt and also how Schmitt’s interpretation is useful for reading Fear and Trembling. However, I also show how Schmitt’s usage of Kierkegaard, despite its ingenuity, is misleading, and present a more faithful reading of Kierkegaard’s concept of exception. With this reorientation, I in turn critique Schmitt’s methodology and the way he understands sovereignty. Following this reinterpretation of sovereignty, I examine the text of Genesis 22 and Fear and Trembling and examine the theological themes that ground the narrative of the Binding of Isaac. I argue that the problem of the Binding and the arguments set forth in Fear and Trembling cannot be understood adequately without a clear awareness of the image of reality that is presupposed. Here, I make use of Erich Auerbach’s illuminating reading of Genesis 22, and Jacob Taubes’ understanding of eschatology. I then examine the problem of violence as presented in the Binding, and how Kierkegaard departs from both Kant’s and Hegel’s critique of Abraham. Finally, I examine Derrida’s reading of Fear and Trembling in The Gift of Death and the way he challenges the height of sovereignty that is implicit within Kierkegaard’s “absolute relation to the absolute.” / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The Water Energy Nexus or WEN is an understanding between Israel, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) whereby Israel will provide Jordan with desalinated water in return for Jordan providing Israel with renewable energy (RE). The UAE will finance the new RE projects in Jordan earmarked for this task. The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the three countries was signed in December of 2021. This idea was hatched by the NGO EcoPeace and under the framework of the Abraham Accords signed in 2020 between Israel, the UAE and Bahrain and the peace treaty between Israel and Jordan in 1994. Yet even this ambition is modest in comparison to the visions of EcoPeace, where in the longer term they would like to see the EU as the model to aspire to, using green technology as the founding pillar to drive trade, expand renewable energy, export water and water usage models and create a bedrock of expanding peace. This thesis will attempt to ascertain how credible these dreams are by delving into the histories of each of these three countries regarding diplomacy, environment, green technology, the green transition, land usage, water and narrative. As a starting point, it will evaluate current narratives coming from Israel and the Arab world by looking at articles mentioning the “other countries” in three newspapers, Al Jazeera, Times of Israel and the Jerusalem Post. Above all the background of the Israeli/Palestinian conflict looms large in many of these questions.

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Cette recherche analyse la contribution de l’artiste brésilien Abraham Palatnik (Natal, 1928) au domaine de l’art optico-cinétique. Elle s’intéresse au contexte international de sa présentation et de sa réception critique. L’appareil cinéchromatique Azul e roxo em Primeiro movimento distingué à la Première Biennale de São Paulo en 1951, fait de lui un pionnier de l’art cinétique et de l’art technologique. A Rio de Janeiro, dans le cercle de Mario Pedrosa, il fonde un groupe avec Almir Mavignier et Ivan Serpa. La théorie de la Gestalt et l’art des fous d’Engenho de Dentro au centre de leurs discussions, les conduisent à pratiquer un « abstractionnisme sensible ». Formé à Tel Aviv en mécanique et en art plastique avant son retour au Brésil fin 1947, Palatnik met son talent d’inventeur au service de la création artistique et de ses activités industrielles. Artiste et designer, il participe aux mouvements d’avant-garde brésiliens et internationaux. Il intègre le groupe Frente en 1954. Invité à huit biennales de São Paulo jusqu’en 1969 et à la trente deuxième Biennale de Venise en 1964, la diffusion de ses œuvres est en synchronie avec celles de ses pairs « cinétistes ». Elle connaît un essor considérable durant les années 1960 en Europe, en Amérique du Sud et aux États-Unis. L’expérimentation perceptuelle, au cœur de son projet esthétique, induit une forme de participation ludique et cognitive du spectateur. Palatnik explore les propriétés des matériaux immatériels et celles contenues dans la matière. Il réinvente la peinture en utilisant la lumière artificielle, le bois de jacaranda, des objets électromécaniques ou des composés chimiques. / This research examines the contribution of the Brazilian artist Abraham Palatnik (Natal, 1928) to the optico-kinetic art. It is focused on the international context of his exhibitions and the critical reception. The kinecromatic device Azul e roxo em Primeiro movimento was granted by a presentation in the First Biennal of São Paulo in 1951, which made him a pioneer of the kinetic art and technological art. In Rio de Janeiro, in Mario Pedrosa’s circle, he builds up a group with Almir Mavignier and Ivan Serpa. The theory of Gestalt and the art of the mentally ill from Engenho de Dentro, draw into their discussions, lead them to practise an « abstractionism sensitive ». He is specialized in mechanical and in visual art in Tel Aviv before his return in Brazil later in 1947. Palatnik uses his inventor’s talent for the benefits of the artistic creation and for his industrial activities. As an artist and designer, he participates in the Brazilian and international vanguard movements. He joins the group Frente in 1954. He has been invited to São Paulo Biennal eight times until 1969 and in the thirty second Venice Biennal in 1964. The diffusion of his works in synchrony with those of his peers « kinetists », knows a considerable development during the 1960s in Europe, in South America and in the United States. The perceptual experimentation, at the inner of his aesthetic project, involves a sort of playful and cognitive participation of the spectator. Palatnik explores the properties of the abstract materials and those contained in the materiality. He reinvents the paint by using the artificial light, the wood of jacaranda, electromechanic objects or chemical compounds.

[pt] O presente trabalh o investiga o pensamento teológico político de Johann Baptist Metz, em diálogo com filósofos judeus século XX enfatizando a memória subversiva da s vítimas, como um critério comum de autoridade. Fundamenta a busca por transformação de estruturas sociais injustas no retorno às tradições judaico cristãs e m harmonia com o e spírito do Concílio Vaticano II, assum indo o projeto do Reino de Deus para a paz no mundo Os pontos convergentes incluem a Alteridade a Responsabilidade Ilimitada, o Rosto do Outro, o diálogo do Eu e Tu, a Linguagem Profética e a pol í tica engajada pela paz. A tese possui três partes: a bi ografia do autor, a Teologia do Mundo, o tempo ilimitado, história e relação da humanidade com Deus; a práxis da Teologia Fundamental, a mudança hermenêutica e a sua eficácia teológic a O segundo bloco apresenta os pensadore s de origem judaica, que sofreram com a perseguição nazista Abraham Heschel, Emmanuel Levinas, Hans Jonas e Martin Buber, relacionando suas experiências e contribuições teológicas e filosóficas. A última parte aborda o silêncio de Deus, a autoridade da vítima, o sofrimento humano, a anamnese no cristianismo, a didática narrativa, a compaixão e a responsabilidade do cristianismo na Shoá. A tese busca enfatizar o diálogo entre esses autores, rec onhecendo a relevância de suas contribuições para aproximar judaísmo e cristianismo e refletir sobre questões injustas da sociedade. Espe ra se que o trabalho desperte o interesse pelo pensamento de Metz e suas contribuições para a teologia da América Latina e do mundo, encorajando reflexões sobre importantes questões frequentemente desconsideradas. / [en] The present work investigates the theological-political thought of Johann Baptist Metz in dialogue with 20th century Jewish philosophers, emphasizing the subversive memory of the victims as a common criterion of authority. It grounds the search for the transformation of unjust social structures in return to Judeo-Christian traditions. In harmony with the spirit of the Second Vatican Council, embracing the project of God s Kingdom for peace in the world. Converging points include Otherness, Unlimited Responsibility, the Face of the Other, the dialogue of Self and Thou, Prophetic Language, and peace-engaged politics. The thesis is divided into three parts: the author s biography, the Theology of the World, unlimited time, history, and humanity s relationship with God; the praxis of Fundamental Theology, hermeneutical change, and its theological effectiveness. The second section presents thinkers of Jewish origin who suffered under Nazi persecution: Abraham Heschel, Emmanuel Levinas, Hans Jonas, and Martin Buber, relating their experiences and theological and philosophical contributions. The final part addresses the silence of God, the authority of the victim, human suffering, anamnesis in Christianity, narrative didactics, compassion, and Christianity s responsibility in the Shoah. The thesis aims to emphasize the dialogue among these authors, recognizing the relevance of their contributions to bringing Judaism and Christianity closer together and reflecting on unjust issues in society. It is hoped that this work will spark interest in Metz s thought and his contributions to Latin American and global theology, encouraging reflections on important and often overlooked questions.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.