La finalidad de este estudio experimental fue comparar la aceptabilidad del sabor de preparaciones con bajo contenido de sodio en pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos. Se realizó entre abril y mayo del 2015 en el Centro de Atención Integral de Diabetes e Hipertensión (CEDHI) en Lima, Perú. Las personas evaluadas fueron 67 pacientes ambulatorios del CEDHI, mayores de 18 años de ambos géneros, diagnosticados de hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En total fueron aplicadas 134 pruebas sensoriales y 402 muestras preparadas. Las preparaciones que fueron sometidas a evaluación fueron arroz, caldo, pollo y verduras cocidas, adicionándoles sal común, cloruro de potasio [25%] con sal común [75%] y glutamato monosódico. Para medir los resultados se utilizaron dos pruebas hedónicas, de preferencia por ordenamiento y prueba de aceptabilidad (puntuación del 1 al 5). En los resultados no se encontraron diferencias significativas a nivel global en cuanto a la aceptabilidad y preferencia de las preparaciones con bajo contenido de sodio. Por lo cual, el reemplazo de la sal común por cualquiera de los sustitutos es viable para pacientes con prescripción de dieta hiposódica (1500mg Na / día). / The purpose of this experimental study was to compare the acceptability of the taste of preparations with low sodium in diabetic and hypertensive patients. It was conducted between April and May 2015 at the Centro de Atención Integral de Diabetes e Hipertensión (CEDHI) in Lima, Peru. Sixty-seven outpatient subjects from CEDHI were assessed; they were over 18 years of both genders, diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2. In total 134 sensory tests were applied and 402 prepared food samples. The evaluated samples were rice, broth, chicken and cooked vegetables that were added with common salt, potassium chloride [25%] with salt [75%] and monosodium glutamate. In order to measure the results two hedonic tests were applied, ordered by preference and acceptability test (score of 1 to 5) were used. No significant global differences were found regarding the acceptability and preference in low sodium preparations. Therefore, the replacement of common salt by any of the substitutes is viable for patient’s prescribed low-sodium diet (1500mg Na / day). / Tesis

Artificial intelligence has grown in importance in many application areas. However, the application in the education sector is in an embryonic state, where a variety of trials has been conducted. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate the factors that influence the acceptability of AI chatbots by university students in higher education which might point subsequently to the lack of usage. The study also suggests the most appropriate communication areas of AI chatbot application in higher education suggested by students. For this study, the unified theory of Acceptance and Use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) has been compiled with the qualitative data gathered from semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys. The study participants are university students from various countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, Czech Republic). The findings showed three primary constructs: Performance expectancy (PE), Effort expectancy (EE), and a newly proposed construct, Nonjudgmental expectancy (NE), to significantly predict intention to use AI chatbot technology without education intentionality. Students suggested using AI chatbots for recap of course material, study material recommendation, and exam and requirements information.  Furthermore, this study provides a rationale behind AI chatbot acceptability based on students' generation characteristics. The results can guide universities to incorporate innovative solutions into their organization.

Nous avons évalué l’accessibilité, l’acceptabilité et l’efficacité à 12 mois du traitement antirétroviral précoce (TAP) initié avant 2 ans chez l’enfant infecté par le VIH en Côte d’Ivoire et au Burkina Faso. Nous avons mené deux enquêtes de base, puis analysé le recrutement et la réponse dans la cohorte thérapeutique recrutée en amont de l’essai MONOD ANRS 12206. En dépit d’une couverture prénatale du dépistage VIH élevée de 88%, seulement 29% [IC à 95% : 27-32] des enfants exposés avaient eu accès au diagnostic virologique précoce en 2011 à Ouagadougou. En termes de connaissances, 97% des parents/tuteurs d’enfants connaissaient la principale voie de transmission du VIH chez les nourrissons. Tous les parents pensaient que le TAP de l’enfant était nécessaire, sans savoir en quoi il consistait. Parmi les 217 enfants référés pour inclusion, 161 (74%) ont initié un TAP à un âge médian de 13,5 mois ; 70% avaient atteint le stade 3/4 de l'OMS, et 57% un déficit immunitaire sévère. Les raisons de non-inclusion étaient : peur ou refus du père (48%), mortalité (24%), faux-positifs (16%), autres (12%). Avoir déjà partagé le statut VIH de l'enfant ou de la mère avec le père et avoir un âge ≥12 mois étaient les deux facteurs associés à l’initiation du TAP. Parmi les 156 enfants ayant reçu un TAP à base de LPV/r, 11 enfants sont décédés (7%), 5 perdus de vue (3%), 140 ont été suivis à 12 mois (90%), avec 70% de succès virologique (charge virale<500 cp/mL). En 2011-2013, les défis pour améliorer l’accès au TAP chez les enfants infectés par le VIH en Afrique de l'Ouest demeurent. L’accès tardif est associé à une forte mortalité précoce. Néanmoins, le taux de succès au TAP est élevé. / We assessed the accessibility, acceptability and efficacy at 12 months of early antiretroviraltherapy (EAT) initiated before two years of age in children HIV-infected in Côte d'Ivoire andBurkina Faso.We conducted two baseline surveys and analyzed the enrolment and therapeutic response inthe cohort recruited ahead of the MONOD ANRS 12206 trial.Despite a high prenatal HIV screening coverage of 88%, only 29% [95% CI: 27-32] exposedchildren had access to early HIV diagnosis in 2011 in Ouagadougou.In terms of knowledge, 97% of parents/caregivers of children were aware of the main route ofHIV transmission in infants. All the parents thought the child EAT was necessary, withoutreally know in what it consists.Among the 217 children referred for inclusion, 161 (74%) have initiated EAT with a medianage of 13.5 months; 70% had reached the 3/4 WHO stage, and 57% had a severe immunedeficiency. The reasons for non-inclusion were: fear or the father's refusal (48%), mortality(24%), false positives (16%), others (12%). Having already shared the child or the motherHIV status with the father and having an age ≥ 12 months were the factors associated with theinitiation of EAT.Among the 156 children who received an EAT-based lopinavir/ritonavir, 11 children died(7%), 5 were lost to follow-up (3%), 140 were followed for 12 months (90%), with 70%virological success (viral load <500 cp / mL).In 2011-2013, the challenges for improving access to EAT in HIV-infected children in WestAfrica remain. Late access is associated with a high early mortality. Nevertheless, the successrate of EAT is high.

The use of Mixed Reality (MR), a technology that attempts to integrate the physical and virtual worlds, is steadily becoming more prevalent in healthcare. To properly integrate new technologies into an organization or workplace, for example in healthcare, a system must first be accepted and used by the individuals for whom it was designed. Acceptability of a new technology is predicated by the individual's perceptions of the User Experience (UX). Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore occupational and physical therapists’ UX and acceptability of a MR rehabilitation system. With the help of a grounded theory methodology, analyzing qualitative data from three different data sources (user tests, interviews, and a heuristic evaluation) we have been able to produce a semantic theoretical model concerning UX and acceptance in regard to a Mixed Reality rehabilitation system. Eight rehabilitation professionals were included in the sample. This research identifies a theoretical model which processes and contains meaningful dimensions on what affects the UX and acceptance and successfully integrates interaction, technical and medical standpoints with a focus on both patient and therapist. The model reveals four themes that affected the UX and acceptability of a MR system used for rehabilitation: “Intention to use”, “Perceived usefulness of MR”, “Information architecture”, and “Interacting in MR”. The aspects identified can be useful for both researchers and industry looking to gain a deeper and broader understanding of the phenomenon studied, and may inform important aspects of development of current and future technology.

Water was applied to swaths of cut alfalfa forage with oscillating sprinklers to stimulate rain damage to field drying alfalfa hay to determine the changes in chemical composition, loss of yield, and acceptability of rain damaged hay to sheep. An additional objective was to develop models to estimate yield losses form experimental hay. The experimental hay was prepared with a 2x2x4x4x2 factorial design. The factors were two different cuttings (July and September), two width of swath (3.05 m and 4.27 m), four times of applying artificial rain (3h, 8h, 13h, and 24h after cutting), four levels of artificial rain (no rain, 12.5 mm, 25.0 mm, and 50.0 mm), and two applications of artificial rain (initially and repeated 24h after first application). The hay was dried in favorable weather conditions during the summer season. Fair weather, was observed in the fall season. Chemical composition of the fresh forage at each of the seasons of cutting was closely comparable. Main factors (cut, swath width, time, level, and application of water) and their respective interactions (cut x swath, cut x time, cut x level, time x level) affected chemical composition and voluntary intake of the experimental hay. Samples were analyzed for dry matter, ash, crude protein, plant cell walls, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and acid detergent fiber. No significant changes in the chemical composition occurred when the artificial rain was applied on the fresher forage (<3h after cutting). However, substantial losses were observed after the forage wilted (>13h after cutting). Plant cell contents (100% minus plant cell wall %) decreased while plant cell wall constituents increased with increasing levels of water applied after cutting, and with double application of water. Cell wall content of the hay increased more from rain damage during the fall season than during summer period. Most of the loss of soluble components (cell contents) occurred with the initial application (12.5 mm) of water. Protein content proved to be a poor indicator of rain damage in alfalfa hay. The width of the swather used to harvest the hay (P<.0001), and amount of water applied (P<.0001) were negatively correlated with voluntary intake by lactating ewes. Models for estimating loss of yield from the experimental hay were developed. The amount of rainfall and other descriptive factors were useful to estimate of yield from specific lots of rain damaged alfalfa hay.

This study examined parental acceptability of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination among Latino parents. The role that acculturation may play in Latino parents' acceptability of the vaccine was also examined. A survey conceptualized using the Health Belief Model and two acculturation measures were administered to participants (N = 130). Approximately 70% of parents endorsed that they would vaccinate their daughters with the HPV vaccine. A regression analysis revealed that perception of susceptibility, perception of seriousness, perception of benefit, and cues to action significantly predicted parental acceptability, with 57% of the variance accounted by these variables. Acculturation was not a significant predictor of parental acceptability. These results indicate that a large proportion of Latino parents are likely to accept the HPV vaccine and that certain Health Belief Model constructs may predict acceptability in this population. It is important for healthcare providers to understand what factors may predict Latino parents' acceptability to the HPV vaccine given the high rates of cervical cancer among Latina women. Recommendations for future research in this area are provided.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17960号 / 工博第3808号 / 新制||工||1583(附属図書館) / 30790 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 SCHMOECKERJan-Dirk, 准教授 神田 佑亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Seediness and other differences between rabbiteye-RB (Vaccinium ashei), southern highbush-SHB (Vaccinium darrowii), and commercial market equivalent, highbush-HB (Vaccinium corymbosum) varieties/lines were determined. Forty six selections of rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries, and three highbush varieties, were analyzed for seediness (seeds per berry volume, SPV). There were no differences (p > 0.05) in SPV between SHB and RB selections, but differences (p < 0.05) existed within species. Berries were assigned to 8 groups based on SPV to conduct sensory panels and chemical analysis. Consumers perceived RB more different than SHB from HB blueberries. In the descriptive panel, differences (p < 0.05) were found in shriveling, skin intactness, grittiness, seediness, and tartness. The soluble solids to acid ratio of HB, SHB, and RB averaged 16.05, 9.60, and 11.05%, respectively. Some consumers and trained panelists can discern differences due to seediness and other traits between blueberry species.