Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2016-07-07T14:53:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 nelsoneduardopariscolombini_tese.pdf: 1169627 bytes, checksum: 03fca276c069c91787d1fa8a3e196bc3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T14:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nelsoneduardopariscolombini_tese.pdf: 1169627 bytes, checksum: 03fca276c069c91787d1fa8a3e196bc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-22 / Introduction: To describe the results obtained by the Maxillo Mandibular Advancement (MMA), associated to a glossectomy of Medium Line (GML) to CO2 Laser in the surgical treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypoapnea Syndrome (ASOSH), from moderate to severe, with adequate analysis of macroscstruture e microstructure of the sleep. Casuistics and Method: In the period from February 2005 to December 2008, 22 sequencial patients with ASOSH, from moderate to severe, with or without maxillary mandibular bone alterations, were selected. These patients were submitted to MMP plus GML using a CO2 laser. All patients underwent clinical, polissonographic and cephalometric evaluations. The polissonographic parameters used were: IAH, MD, Minimum SAT O2% < measured in minutes, sleep stages N1, N2, N3 and REM, preoperative and postoperative. The cephalometric parameters used were: SNA, SNB, PAS, PP2 – PP2, preoperative and postoperative. Results: Evaluation of eventual differences in the preoperative and postoperative moments were investigated with the appropriate statistical tools. The surgical treatment proved to be effective in 8, out of 22 of the cases (36.36%), according to international criteria of normality. On the other hand, in these patients the IAH was not the best parameter to evaluate the therapeutic success. The MD (68.18% of improvement), stage N3 (59.09% of improvement) and Minimum SAT O2% < 90 measured in minutes (81.81% of improvement) demonstrated that they were the best instruments for characterizing the laboratorial control of the disease. Discussion: The MMA has expanded the dimensions of the pharynx and the hypopharynx. The GLM was associated in order to maximize the VAS, improve the stability of the dental occlusion, as well as the function of the temporomandibular joint, reducing the morbidity of the procedure. A postoperative evaluation with polysomnography showed improvements of the parameters in both macro and microarchitecture of the sleep (in relation to preoperative findings), besides proving that the IAH is not the best parameter for a postoperative evaluation (this applies to the patients of this series). Conclusions: The surgical treatment performed with MMA, associated to the GLM with CO2 laser was effective to treat patients with from ASOSH : - The improvement using the most accepted parameter by the international community (IAH < 5/ hour) was 8 out of the 22 (36.36%); - The IAH was not the best instrument to evaluate the control of the disease; - Were MD, stage N3 and Minimum SAT O2% < 90 measured in minutes showed that they are good indicators of the control of the disease (postoperative moment); - The Minimum SAT O2% < 90 measured in minutes was the best parameter in the evaluation of the surgical treatment (18/22 or 81.81%). / Introdução: Descrever os resultados obtidos pelo Avanço Maxilo-Mandibular (AMM) associados à Glossectomia de Linha Média (GLM) a Laser CO2 no tratamento cirúrgico da Síndrome da Apnéia/Hipopnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS) moderada e severa, usando instrumentos estatísticos que avaliem a arquiquetura do sono quanto à macro e micro estrutura para adequada e real avaliação dos resultados obtidos pelo tratamento proposto. Casuística e Método: No período de fevereiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2008 foram selecionados 22 pacientes seqüenciais portadores de SAHOS moderada e severa, com ou sem alterações esqueléticas maxilo-mandibulares. Estes pacientes foram submetidos à AMM, mais GLM com laser de CO2. Todos pacientes tiveram avaliação clínica, polissonográfica e cefalométrica. Os parâmetros polissonográficos utilizados foram: IAH, MD, SAT O2 % Mínima < 90 medida em minutos, estágios do sono N1, N2, N3 e REM, pré e pós-operatório. Os parâmetros cefalométricos utilizados foram: SNA, SNB, PAS, PP2 – PP2’ pré e pós-operatório. Resultados: Avaliação de eventuais diferenças nos momentos pré e pós-operatório foram investigadas com ferramenta estatística apropriada. O tratamento cirúrgico mostrou-se eficaz em 8/22 (36,36%) dos casos, segundo critérios internacionais de normalidade. Por outro lado nestes pacientes o IAH não foi o melhor parâmetro para avaliar sucesso terapêutico. MD (68,18% melhora), estágio N3 (59,09% de melhora) e SAT O2% Mínima < 90 medida em minutos (81,81% de melhora) mostraram-se melhores instrumentos para caracterizar controle laboratorial da enfermidade. Discussão: O AMM ampliou as dimensões da faringe e hipofaringe. A GLM foi associada para maximizar a VAS, aumentar a estabilidade da oclusão dentária e função da articulação têmporo-mandibular, reduzindo a morbidade do procedimento. Avaliação pós-operatória com polissonografia demonstrou melhora de parâmetros de macro e micro-arquitetura do sono (em relação aos achados pré-operatórios), além de comprovar não ser o IAH o melhor parâmetro para avaliação pós-operatória (isto para os pacientes desta série). Conclusões: – O tratamento cirúrgico com AMM associado à GLM com laser de CO2 foi eficaz para tratar pacientes com SAHOS: – A melhora utilizando o parâmetro mais aceito pela comunidade internacional (IAH < 5/hora) foi de 8/22 (36,36%); – IAH não foi o melhor instrumento para avaliação do controle da enfermidade; – MD, estágio N3 e SAT O2% Mínima < 90 medida em minutos mostraram-se bons indicadores de controle da enfermidade (momento pós-operatório); – SAT O2% Mínima < 90 medida em minutos foi o melhor parâmetro na avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico (18/22 ou 81,81%).

Embora a cirurgia de avanço mandibular seja considerada um procedimento altamente estável, existem algumas preocupações clínicas em relação a mudanças nos côndilos e nos segmentos proximais, que podem levar a recidiva sagital e abertura de mordida. A avaliação dos resultados da cirurgia através de ferramentas de geração e superposição de modelos virtuais tridimensionais (3D) permite a identificação e quantificação dos deslocamentos e remodelação óssea que podem ajudar a explicar as interações entre os componentes dentários, esqueléticos e de tecido mole que estão relacionados a resposta ao tratamento. Este estudo observacional prospectivo avaliou, através de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (CBCT), mudanças na posição/remodelação 3D dos ramos mandibulares, côndilos e mento. Assim, exames CBCT de 27 pacientes foram adquiridos antes da cirurgia (T1), imediatamente após a cirurgia(T2), e 1 ano após a cirurgia(T3). Uma técnica automática de superposição na base do crânio foi utilizada para permitir a avaliação das mudanças ocorridas nas regiões anatômicas de interesse (RAI). Os deslocamentos foram visualizados e quantificados em mapas coloridos 3D através da ferramenta de linha de contorno (ISOLINE). Pelo teste t pareado compararam-se as mudanças entre T1-T2 e T2-T3. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson verificou se os deslocamentos ocorridos nas RAI foram correlacionados entre si e entre os tempos de avaliação. O nível de significância foi determinado em 0,05. O avanço mandibular médio foi de 6,813,2mm em T2 e 6,363,41mm em T3 (p=0,13). Entre T2 e T3, a posição do mento variou positivamente (&#8805;2mm) em 5 pacientes negativamente em 7. 12% dos pacientes sofreram recidivas &#8805;4mm. Para todas as outras RAI avaliadas, apenas a porção inferior dos ramos (lado direito - 2,342,35mm e lado esquerdo 2,972,71mm) sofreram deslocamentos médios >2mm com a cirurgia. No acompanhamento em longo prazo, esse deslocamento lateral da porção inferior dos ramos foi mantido (lado direito - 2,102,15mm, p=0,26; e lado esquerdo -2,762,80, p=0,46), bem como todos os outros deslocamentos observados (p>0,05). As mudanças na posição do mento foram correlacionadas a adaptações pós-cirúrgicas nos bordos posteriores dos ramos (esquerdo r=-0,73 e direito r=-0,68) e côndilos (esquerdo r=-0,53 e direito r=-0,46). Os deslocamentos médios sofridos pelas estruturas do lado esquerdo foram suavemente maiores do que no direito. Correlações dos deslocamentos ocorridos entre T1-T2 e T2-T3 mostraram que: os deslocamentos dos côndilos esquerdos com a cirurgia foram negativamente correlacionados às adaptações pós-cirúrgicas destes (r=-0,51); e que o deslocamento da porção superior do ramo esquerdo com a cirurgia foi correlacionado à adaptação pós-cirúrgica ocorrida nos bordos posteriores (r=0,39) e côndilos do mesmo lado (r=0,39). Pode-se concluir que: (1) os deslocamentos causados pela cirurgia foram de modo geral estáveis no acompanhamento de 1 ano, mas identificou-se uma considerável variação individual; (2) as mudanças pós-cirúrgicas na posição do mento foram correlacionadas a adaptações sofridas pelos côndilos e bordos posteriores dos ramos; e que (3) deslocamentos suavemente maiores causados pela cirurgia nas estruturas do lado esquerdo levaram a maiores adaptações pós-cirúrgicas no segmento proximal deste lado. / Although mandibular advancement surgery is considered a highly stable procedure, some clinical concerns have been raised regarding condylar and proximal segment changes that may lead to sagittal relapse and anterior bite opening. Assessment of surgical treatment outcomes using three-dimensional (3D) virtual models and superimposition tools allow the identification and quantification of bone displacement and remodeling that can help explain the interactions between the dental, skeletal and soft tissue components that underpin the response to treatment. This prospective observational study evaluated changes in the 3D position and remodeling of the mandibular rami, condyles and chin at splint-removal and 1 year after mandibular advancement surgery. For that, pre-surgery(T1), splint-removal(T2), and one year post-surgery(T3) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 27 subjects were used. An automatic technique of cranial base superimposition was used to assess changes in the anatomic regions of interest (ROI). Displacements were visually displayed and quantified in three-dimensional color maps by means of a contour line tool (ISOLINE). A paired t-test was used to compare changes between T1-T2 and T2-T3. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to check if displacements at the ROI were correlated within each other and along the evaluated times . The level of significance was set at 0.05. The mean mandibular advancement was 6.813.2mm at T2 and 6.363.41mm at T3 (p =0.13). Between T2 and T3, the chin position was further forward 2mm or more for 5 subjects and relapsed backwards &#8805;2mm for 7 subjects. 12% of patients showed relapses &#8805;4mm. For all other evaluated ROI, only the inferior rami (right 2.342.35mm and left 2.972.71mm) had mean displacements >2mm with surgery. In the long-term follow-up, those inferior rami lateral displacements were maintained (right 2.102.15mm, p=0.26 and left 2.762.80,p=0.46), as well as all other observed displacements (p>0.05). Post-surgical movement in the position of the chin was significantly correlated to changes in the posterior borders (left r=-0.73 and right r=-0.68) and condyles (left r=-0.53 and right r=-0.46). Mean displacements of the structures at the left side were slightly greater when comparing to the right side. Correlations of T1-T2 with T2-T3 displacements showed that the displacement of the left condyles with surgery were negatively correlated to its post-surgical adaptations (r=-0.51); and that superior portion of the left ramus surgery displacement was correlated to the post-surgical adaptation at the ramus posterior border (r=0.39) and condyle at the same side (r=0.39). It can be concluded that: (1) surgery changes were generally stable in one year follow up, but with a considerable individual variability; (2) post-surgical changes at the chin position are correlated to adaptations at condyles and rami posterior borders; and that (3) slightly greater displacements with surgery at the left side lead to greater post-surgical adaptations in the proximal segment at this side.

No description available.

Esta tese investiga a arte nas estações da Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo, verifica as possibilidades de uso de tecnologias atuais e as condicionantes para propostas de intervenção ambiental, permanentes e temporárias, no espaço público em questão. A partir de repertório conceitual, histórico e técnico; de pesquisas em campo e de entrevistas realizadas com filósofo especialista em culturas urbanas; usuários/espectadores/atores, monitores e técnicos de manutenção no decorrer da Exposição Arte Cibernética: Acervo Itaú Cultural (2010) e das 1ª e 2ª edições do Festival Internacional de Linguagem Eletrônica-FILEPAI (2010 e 2011) e artistas, teve como meta comprovar a hipótese da possibilidade de aplicação e aceitação de tecnologias atuais (Diodo Emissor de Luz-LED, célula fotovoltaica, mídias eletrônica e digital, linguagem da projeção) em intervenções ambientais visando contribuir com a melhoria qualitativa dos espaços das estações futuras e em funcionamento. Para o entendimento da relevância da arte inserida no contexto da sociedade contemporânea e das formas de manifestação artística proporcionadas pelo uso de tecnologias atuais este estudo apresenta conceitos atuais de cidade, espaço público, arte pública, arte pública interativa, público e site specific. Aborda ações financiadas/cofinanciadas pelo poder público para intervenções artísticas na paisagem urbana paulistana e apresenta considerações sobre a Lei de Incentivo da Prefeitura de São Paulo. Analisa características das obras no ambiente das estações, seus significados e condicionantes. Investiga a percepção/recepção das obras tecnológicas e o comportamento social dos usuários/espectadores/atores no decorrer dos eventos mencionados. Verifica como tem sido a atuação do artista junto ao arquiteto no processo de inserção das obras de arte buscando relações com os conceitos de projeto interdisciplinar e sitespecific, e o que pensam esses profissionais a respeito desses espaços, dos significados da arte, da aplicação de tecnologias atuais, da influência de regras normativas na forma de criar e de atuar e possíveis medidas para que a arte se faça presente na totalidade da rede. Apresenta avanços tecnológicos que têm possibilitado novas linguagens para a criação, desenvolvimento e construção de objetos/obras para a cidade contemporânea; exemplos práticos de intervenções ambientais, com vistas à arte contemporânea, em estações de metrô do âmbito internacional; formas de atuar de algumas companhias e política cultural da Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP). Constata-se que, tecnicamente, é possível aplicar tecnologias atuais em intervenções ambientais temporárias e permanentes. Entretanto, condicionantes internas e externas à Companhia têm dificultado não somente a utilização dessas tecnologias, mas a presença e a permanência da arte pública no metrô e na cidade. Faz-se necessário: criar políticas públicas no campo da cultura; divulgar os benefícios da lei de incentivo para as empresas; divulgar mecanismos para os artistas e a população; rever a formação acadêmica do artista, do arquiteto e do designer, de forma que seja multidisciplinar e possibilite a prática do projeto interdisciplinar. A presença de profissional no campo do gerenciamento que tenha uma compreensão transversal das diversas disciplinas envolvidas no projeto e que delegue o posicionamento de seus autores, ainda na fase de concepção, é fundamental para que o projeto interdisciplinar aconteça. As falas dos entrevistados, o estudo técnico, a aplicação dessas tecnologias em estações do âmbito internacional e nas exposições mencionadas, a prorrogação de prazo da Exposição Arte Cibernética e a permanência das estações como espaços expositivos dos Festivais Internacionais de Linguagem Eletrônica demonstraram a aceitação das obras tecnológicas. / This thesis investigates the art in the stations of the Metro Company of São Paulo and assesses the possibilities of using current technologies and their constraints, in proposals for permanent and temporary environmental intervention in the public space in question. Beginning with a conceptual, historical and technical repertoire, surveys in the field and interviews conducted with a philosopher with expertise in urban cultures, and with users / viewers / participants, monitors and maintenance technicians during the Itaú Cultural Cybernetic Art Exhibition: Collection (2010) , and the 1st and 2nd of editions of the International Festival of Electronic Language- FILEPAI (2010 and 2011); and artists, the work was aimed at substantiating the hypothesis of the applicability and acceptance of current technologies (Light Emitting Diode-LED, photovoltaic cell, electronic and digital media, language projection) in environmental interventions, with a view to contributing to the qualitative improvement of the space in currently-operating and future stations. To understand the relevance of art inserted into the context of contemporary society and the forms of artistic expression afforded by the use of current technologies, this study presents current concepts of city, public space, public art, both interactive and site specific. It discusses actions funded/co-funded by the government for artistic interventions in the urban landscape of São Paulo and presents considerations on the Incentive Law of the municipality of São Paulo. It analyzes characteristics of works in the environment of the stations, their meanings and constraints. It investigates the perception /reception of technological projects and the social behavior of the users/viewers/participants at the events mentioned. It is demonstrated how artists have been acting with architects in the process of insertion of the artwork, seeking relationships with interdisciplinary and site-specific design concepts, and what these professionals think about these spaces, the significance of the art, of the application of current technologies, the influence of normative rules in the form of creating and implementing possible measures to bring about the presence of art throughout the network. Technological advances are presented that have made possible new languages for the creation, development and construction of objects/works for the contemporary city; practical examples of environmental, with a view toward contemporary art in subway stations internationally; methods of some of the companies and of the cultural politics of the Régie des transports autonome parisiens (RATP). It is ascertained that, technically, it is possible to apply current technologies in temporary and permanent environmental interventions. However, internal and external constraints on the Company have hampered the use not only of these technologies, but also the presence and continuance of public art in the city and on the subway. This makes necessary: the creation of public politics in the field of culture, promotion of the benefits of the incentive law for businesses; disseminating mechanisms for the artists and the public, and review of the academic training of the artist, architect and designer, so that it is multidisciplinary and enable the practice of interdisciplinary projects. The presence of a professional in the field of management that has a broad understanding of the various disciplines involved in the project while still in its design stage and commissions the positions of its authors is crucial to making the interdisciplinary project happen. The interviewees\' statements, the technical study, the application of these technologies in the stations and in the international exhibitions mentioned, the extension of the duration of the Cybernetic Art Exhibition and maintenance of stations as exhibition spaces of the International Festivals of Electronic Language have shown acceptance of the technological works.

In 2015, 0.2% of African American women were in chief executive officer (CEO) roles and 1.2% were in executive or senior-level roles within a 500 Standard & Poor's (S&P) organization. African American women's lived experiences are underutilized by organizational and human resources (HR) leaders in the development and implementation of recruitment, talent development, diversity and inclusion, and succession planning strategies. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand lived experiences regarding career advancement decision-making strategies for senior-level African American women. The conceptual framework used was social cognitive career theory (SCCT), which addresses the 'what' and 'how' of career development and behaviors across one's life span. The central research questions were about participants' decisions-making strategies used to attain senior-level management positions and how the facets of SCCT impacted their decision-making processes. Snowball sampling was the purposeful strategy used for recruiting 12 African American women who serve/served in a senior-level position within an organization. The data collections sources included interviews and field notes. By deductive and inductive coding, the main themes uncovered were leadership, family, education, authenticity, and faith. The results of this study may benefit organizational and HR leaders as they consider improvement opportunities for their recruitment, talent management, diversity and inclusion policies and programs, and succession planning strategies, inclusive of internal and college recruitment, involvement in community youth initiatives, and strategic alignment of high-level, internal organizational stakeholders.

This study contributes to the 'unwritten chapter' in migration studies, namely transnational return migration, with specific reference to Tongan migrants who have voluntarily returned to live in Tonga. Return migration of transnational Tongans is not 'permanent' as their mobility pre and post-return is characterised by circulation or repeated return rather than staying at 'home'. In examining the circulation of transnational Tongans, two new forms of return migration are identified -- 'return for career advancement' and 'ancestral return'. These additions to a new typology of return migration represent better the contemporary mobility system of transnational Tongans and suggest a means for addressing 'brain drain' through strengthening the 'Tongan-ness' of the diaspora while simultaneously stimulating economic development in the Kingdom. Despite these positive dimensions of return, re-integration is a 'bumpy' process, and there needs to be a holistic migration strategy if greater numbers in the Tongan diaspora are to return and make their potential contribution to sustainable development in the Island Kingdom.

<p>In today’s society there is an ongoing debate concerning gender distribution amongst the top executives and there is a clear distinction between the men and women in leading positions. The reason for this can be because men and women to a certain degree conduct leadership differently. It is said that men are more focused on task oriented leadership while women seem to focus on a relation oriented and more interactive leadership. A leader’s success could be due to his or her ability to set up and use a network. Through professional networks a leader can get in touch with other people with similar life and work conditions and therefore this study was conducted to examine what effects the professional female network has contributed in the career developments of female top executives?</p><p>To answer the question the study begins with the collections of theoretical knowledge concerning the subject followed with in-depth interviews from picturing the real world. With the help of four female top executives, who all are active in the professional female network, empirical data could be collected to be compared with the theoretical references. The study showed that the professional female network had no major impact on the career advancement with the female top executives but that on the other hand it contributed to the personal development.</p><p>For women the work realm and the private realm are closely interconnected which means that family situations have constitute a problem for career advancement for female top executives. The opportunities female top executives encounter lies on the fact of being a woman as they then stand out on the claimed gender distribution.</p>

<p>Patients with idiopathic anal fistula (n=85) were compared with 215 control subjects, matched for age and sex, through a 180-item questionnaire. Obesity, smoking, constipation and bowel symptoms associated with IBS were more common in the patients.</p><p>Endoanal ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared in the preoperative evaluation of anal fistula in 23 patients. For classifying the primary tract, EUS and surgical findings agreed in 14 cases, and MRI and surgery for 11: for identifying an internal opening, the corresponding figures were 17 and 10.</p><p>Healing and sphincter function were studied in 42 patients operated with fistula excision and closure of the internal opening. Twenty-three patients healed primarily and another 10 after one re-operation, whereas nine required further surgery until healed. Anal resting pressure was reduced after three and 12 months, and squeeze pressure after 12 months.</p><p>Eighty-three patients were randomised to surgery with or without application of gentamicin-collagen underneath the flap: 26/42 of patients randomised to gentamicin-collagen healed primarily compared with 21/41 of patients randomised to surgery only (n.s).</p><p>Micro perfusion in the flap was studied by laser Doppler flowmetry during surgery in 16 patients. No correlation was seen between change in blood flow during surgery and non-healing/recurrence of the fistula.</p><p>In conclusion, obesity, functional bowel symptoms and possibly smoking are more common in patients with idiopathic anal fistula than in the general population. Endoanal ultrasound is a useful tool in the preoperative evaluation of anal fistula. Advancement flap repair has a reasonably high primary recurrence rate and healing is not significantly improved by local application of gentamicin-collagen: impaired intraoperative blood perfusion of the flap is an unlikely reason for non-healing. A decrease in continence occurs also after this kind of surgery, probably due to an impaired internal anal sphincter function.</p>

Patients with idiopathic anal fistula (n=85) were compared with 215 control subjects, matched for age and sex, through a 180-item questionnaire. Obesity, smoking, constipation and bowel symptoms associated with IBS were more common in the patients. Endoanal ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared in the preoperative evaluation of anal fistula in 23 patients. For classifying the primary tract, EUS and surgical findings agreed in 14 cases, and MRI and surgery for 11: for identifying an internal opening, the corresponding figures were 17 and 10. Healing and sphincter function were studied in 42 patients operated with fistula excision and closure of the internal opening. Twenty-three patients healed primarily and another 10 after one re-operation, whereas nine required further surgery until healed. Anal resting pressure was reduced after three and 12 months, and squeeze pressure after 12 months. Eighty-three patients were randomised to surgery with or without application of gentamicin-collagen underneath the flap: 26/42 of patients randomised to gentamicin-collagen healed primarily compared with 21/41 of patients randomised to surgery only (n.s). Micro perfusion in the flap was studied by laser Doppler flowmetry during surgery in 16 patients. No correlation was seen between change in blood flow during surgery and non-healing/recurrence of the fistula. In conclusion, obesity, functional bowel symptoms and possibly smoking are more common in patients with idiopathic anal fistula than in the general population. Endoanal ultrasound is a useful tool in the preoperative evaluation of anal fistula. Advancement flap repair has a reasonably high primary recurrence rate and healing is not significantly improved by local application of gentamicin-collagen: impaired intraoperative blood perfusion of the flap is an unlikely reason for non-healing. A decrease in continence occurs also after this kind of surgery, probably due to an impaired internal anal sphincter function.

In today’s society there is an ongoing debate concerning gender distribution amongst the top executives and there is a clear distinction between the men and women in leading positions. The reason for this can be because men and women to a certain degree conduct leadership differently. It is said that men are more focused on task oriented leadership while women seem to focus on a relation oriented and more interactive leadership. A leader’s success could be due to his or her ability to set up and use a network. Through professional networks a leader can get in touch with other people with similar life and work conditions and therefore this study was conducted to examine what effects the professional female network has contributed in the career developments of female top executives? To answer the question the study begins with the collections of theoretical knowledge concerning the subject followed with in-depth interviews from picturing the real world. With the help of four female top executives, who all are active in the professional female network, empirical data could be collected to be compared with the theoretical references. The study showed that the professional female network had no major impact on the career advancement with the female top executives but that on the other hand it contributed to the personal development. For women the work realm and the private realm are closely interconnected which means that family situations have constitute a problem for career advancement for female top executives. The opportunities female top executives encounter lies on the fact of being a woman as they then stand out on the claimed gender distribution.