Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-05T13:24:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 melissamarianagomezvaca.pdf: 1124332 bytes, checksum: 9d1ed8c3594d14657c1d6bae1ec257a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-06T11:31:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melissamarianagomezvaca.pdf: 1124332 bytes, checksum: 9d1ed8c3594d14657c1d6bae1ec257a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T11:31:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melissamarianagomezvaca.pdf: 1124332 bytes, checksum: 9d1ed8c3594d14657c1d6bae1ec257a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-07 / O tecido da polpa do dente é uma fonte promissora para a obtenção de células tronco, as Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) e seu posterior uso em terapias regenerativas, por isso torna-se importante saber a melhor idade do doador para seu armazenamento. Desta forma, o presente estudo buscou avaliar a eficiência na obtenção, proliferação, senescência e plasticidade das DPSCs em diferentes faixas etárias. Foram obtidas polpas dentarias de dentes molares extraídos, que compuseram três grupos: GI (18 – 33 anos), GII (34 – 49 anos) e GIII (50 – 67 anos). O isolamento celular foi avaliado através da observação microscópica diária do tecido pulpar e das células provenientes da polpa, por 15 dias. A proliferação celular foi analisada pelo ensaio de MTT nos dias 3, 5 e 7. A senescência das DPSCs foi feita em triplicata com contagem celular a cada 2 dias. A plasticidade celular foi realizada através da indução a diferenciação osteogênica, odontogênica e adipogênica. Os resultados apontaram que a eficiência da obtenção das DPSCs foi maior no GI, com decrescimento progressivo para GII e GIII. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos testados na avaliação da proliferação celular e na senescência. Amostras dos 3 grupos avaliados demostraram ter capacidade de diferenciação celular. Pode-se concluir que a idade foi capaz de influenciar a obtenção de DPSCs, apontando a faixa etária de 18 a 33 anos de idade (GI), como o grupo mais eficiente, já que o 100% das polpas dentarias deram células. Entretanto, ao avaliar a proliferação, senescência e plasticidade celular, todos os grupos se comportaram dentro de um mesmo padrão, sem a interferência da idade do doador. / The pulp tissue of the tooth is a promising source for obtaining stem cells, the Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) and their subsequent use in regenerative therapies, so it becomes important to know the best age of the donor for its storage. In this way, the present study sought to evaluate the efficiency in obtaining, proliferating, senescence and plasticity of DPSCs in different age groups. Dental pulps of extracted molar teeth were obtained, which comprised three groups: GI (18 - 33 years), GII (34 - 49 years) and GIII (50 - 67 years). Cellular isolation was evaluated by daily microscopic observation of pulp tissue and pulp cells for 15 days. Cell proliferation was analyzed by the MTT assay on days 3, 5 and 7. Senescence of the DPSCs was done in triplicate with cell counts every 2 days. Cellular plasticity was achieved through the induction of osteogenic, odontogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The results showed that the efficiency of obtaining DPSCs was higher in the GI, with progressive decrease for GII and GIII. There was no statistical difference between the groups tested in the evaluation of cell proliferation and senescence. Samples of the 3 groups evaluated showed to be cell differentiation capacity. It can be concluded that age was able to influence the achievement of DPSCs, pointing to the age group of 18 to 33 years of age (GI), as the most efficient group, since 100% of the pulps gave cells. However, when evaluating cell proliferation, senescence and plasticity, all groups behaved within the same pattern, without interference from donor age.

The theme of this Thesis is the subject of propaganda and an attempt to establish the measures by which propaganda posed an influence on the form of the children's theater in the 1950's. The goal of this thesis is to capture the changes and the evolution of the Municipal Theater for Youth (prev. Theater of Jiri Wolker since 1953) during the time period of 1949 - 1959, using the analysis of stage drama and play texts of that time period. The author has chosen the Theater of Jiri Wolker because it was the single and only official professional drama theater that specialized exclusively in the production of performances for children in Prague. The author of this thesis will attempt to capture and show evidence of how the attitudes and stances of the authorities, during the given time period, have changed and morphed towards certain kinds and genres, as well as present the deviations and editorial changes that were made to the original texts (i. e. main character, motive, theme, language, the ratio of propaganda and art, life expectancy, ratio of czech and soviet titles, and the switch from a fable to a fairy tale genre).

In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward. / В работе в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам.

Aims To estimate the national incidence rate and trend of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in Germany from 1999 to 2008 and the national prevalence in 2008 in the age group 0–14 years. Methods Data were taken from a nationwide registry for incident cases of T1DM in the ages 0–4 years and 3 regional registries (North-Rhine-Westphalia, Baden-Wuerttemberg and Saxony) for incident cases of T1DM in the ages 0–14 years covering 41% of the child population in Germany. The degree of ascertainment was ≥ 97% in all registries. Incident and prevalent cases were grouped by region, sex, age (0–4, 5–9, 10–14 years), and, for incident data, additionally by two 5-year periods (1999–2003, 2004–2008). Poisson regression models were fitted to the data to derive national estimates of incidence rate trends and prevalence in the age groups 5–9, 10–14 and 0–14 years. We used direct age-standardization. Results The estimated national incidence rate in 0-14-year-olds increased significantly by 18.1% (95%CI: 11.6–25.0%, p<0.001) from 1999–2003 to 2004–2008, independent of sex, corresponding to an average annual increase of 3.4% (95%-CI: 2.2–4.6%). The overall incidence rate was estimated at 22.9 per 100,000 person-years and we identified a within-country west-east-gradient previously unknown. The national prevalence in the ages 0–14 years on 31/12/2008 was estimated to be 148.1 per 100,000 persons. Conclusions The national incidence rate of childhood T1DM in Germany is higher than in many other countries around the world. Importantly, the estimated trend of the incidence rate confirms the international data of a global increase of T1DM incidences.

Moral judgments and moral emotions are a ubiquitous feature of social interactions. Humans decide quickly and intuitively whether an action is morally right or wrong. Schadenfreude and sympathy, as emotional reactions to the misfortunes of others, are prototypical moral emotions. So far, however, little evidence exists concerning children’s understanding of schadenfreude. Within three studies, we investigated the experience of schadenfreude and sympathy among N = 364 children of different age groups. We interviewed the children while showing them picture stories. In the picture stories, we varied the behavior of the protagonist prior to a misfortune: (1) whether his behavior had been morally right or wrong, (2) whether the protagonist attained his goal, (3) whether the protagonist was responsible for the misfortune. In addition, in one study we varied (4) the emotional relationship of the interviewed children to the protagonist. Furthermore, we asked the children to decide whether they want to sit next to the protagonist or do him a favor. Results show that children experience sympathy as well as schadenfreude at the age of 4 years. Sympathy is more likely to arise when the protagonists of a story are likable, when these actors typically pursue morally positive goals, and if they are not responsible for their misfortune. In contrast, schadenfreude is more likely when the protagonist is disliked, when actors pursue immoral goals and if they are responsible for their misfortune. In addition, sympathy increases approach (helping behavior, sitting next to the agent and doing favors), whereas schadenfreude increases avoidance tendencies.

Even though Sweden is considered a high trust society, research on this topic is primarily based on a few standardized survey questions. It is also known that there is a robust pattern of less trustful young people compared to older ones. Still, a satisfactory explanation of this fact is lacking. Thus, the first aim of this dissertation is to map trust among young adults and middle-aged individuals. The second aim is to examine by which factors and in what way different dimensions of trust are determined, focusing on individuals’ life course and consequently experiences. Analytical principles from the life course tradition are used as a theoretical framework. Data is derived from a Swedish cross-sectional nationally representative postal survey on trust, and qualitative interviews using a mixed-methods approach. A multi-dimensional concept of trust is suggested. Participants report relatively high levels of trust in known and unknown people, confidence in institutions, normative notions of trust, security, and trustful behaviour. Trust also seems to be structured according to a closeness principle. Young adults display lower trust levels in general. However, in some respects the pattern is reversed, particularly regarding domains they are expected to be more familiar with. Contrary to the well-established idea of generalised trust derived from predispositions and primary socialization, and particularised trust originating from experiences in adulthood, the results of this study suggest that unique combinations of factors, both individual characteristics and experiences, might explain each of the different dimensions. Often there is a sphere-specific relationship between experiences and later trust, i.e. experiences from one sphere of life seem to exclusively affect trust within the same sphere. It is suggested that as people grow older they accumulate what is called experience capital, which might benefit trust and contribute to an explanation of the age differences.

Aims The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in Saxony before and after the German reunification. Methods The study examined two registries: one until 1990 and one since 1999. Only patients under 15 years of age with type 1 diabetes and living in Saxony were included in the study. Standardized incidence rates were described based on direct age standardization procedures using the Standard European Population for each calendar year between the observation periods 1982–1989 and 1999–2014. Age was grouped into three classes: 0–4, 5–9 and 10–14 years of age. Incidence data were presented as age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years (PY) with 95% confidence intervals [CI]. Joinpoint regression was used for trend analyses and Poisson regression was used to adjust for the effects of age and sex on the incidence. Results A total number of 2,092 incident cases of type 1 diabetes (1,109 males; 983 females) were included. The age-standardized incidence rates of type 1 diabetes per 100,000 PY was 7.9 [95%CI 6.8; 8.9] in the period from 1982–1989 and 20.1 [95%CI 14.0; 26.1] in the period from 1999–2014. The yearly increase in incidence over the entire time period (1982–2014) was 4.3% according to the average annual percent change (AAPC) method, and estimated to be 4.4% [95% CI 4.0; 4.8%] using a Poisson regression model adjusting for sex and age group. Conclusion In this study, a significantly increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes was observed after reunification. In future studies it would be interesting to follow up on the question of which environmental and lifestyle factors could be causing the increasing type 1 diabetes incidence.

Aims To estimate the national incidence rate and trend of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in Germany from 1999 to 2008 and the national prevalence in 2008 in the age group 0–14 years. Methods Data were taken from a nationwide registry for incident cases of T1DM in the ages 0–4 years and 3 regional registries (North-Rhine-Westphalia, Baden-Wuerttemberg and Saxony) for incident cases of T1DM in the ages 0–14 years covering 41% of the child population in Germany. The degree of ascertainment was ≥ 97% in all registries. Incident and prevalent cases were grouped by region, sex, age (0–4, 5–9, 10–14 years), and, for incident data, additionally by two 5-year periods (1999–2003, 2004–2008). Poisson regression models were fitted to the data to derive national estimates of incidence rate trends and prevalence in the age groups 5–9, 10–14 and 0–14 years. We used direct age-standardization. Results The estimated national incidence rate in 0-14-year-olds increased significantly by 18.1% (95%CI: 11.6–25.0%, p<0.001) from 1999–2003 to 2004–2008, independent of sex, corresponding to an average annual increase of 3.4% (95%-CI: 2.2–4.6%). The overall incidence rate was estimated at 22.9 per 100,000 person-years and we identified a within-country west-east-gradient previously unknown. The national prevalence in the ages 0–14 years on 31/12/2008 was estimated to be 148.1 per 100,000 persons. Conclusions The national incidence rate of childhood T1DM in Germany is higher than in many other countries around the world. Importantly, the estimated trend of the incidence rate confirms the international data of a global increase of T1DM incidences.

Aims The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in Saxony before and after the German reunification. Methods The study examined two registries: one until 1990 and one since 1999. Only patients under 15 years of age with type 1 diabetes and living in Saxony were included in the study. Standardized incidence rates were described based on direct age standardization procedures using the Standard European Population for each calendar year between the observation periods 1982–1989 and 1999–2014. Age was grouped into three classes: 0–4, 5–9 and 10–14 years of age. Incidence data were presented as age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years (PY) with 95% confidence intervals [CI]. Joinpoint regression was used for trend analyses and Poisson regression was used to adjust for the effects of age and sex on the incidence. Results A total number of 2,092 incident cases of type 1 diabetes (1,109 males; 983 females) were included. The age-standardized incidence rates of type 1 diabetes per 100,000 PY was 7.9 [95%CI 6.8; 8.9] in the period from 1982–1989 and 20.1 [95%CI 14.0; 26.1] in the period from 1999–2014. The yearly increase in incidence over the entire time period (1982–2014) was 4.3% according to the average annual percent change (AAPC) method, and estimated to be 4.4% [95% CI 4.0; 4.8%] using a Poisson regression model adjusting for sex and age group. Conclusion In this study, a significantly increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes was observed after reunification. In future studies it would be interesting to follow up on the question of which environmental and lifestyle factors could be causing the increasing type 1 diabetes incidence.

Aims An increasing number of children and adolescents worldwide suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The present work aims to investigate the incidence, prevalence and future trends of IBD in children and adolescents in Saxony, Germany. Methods The Saxon Pediatric IBD Registry collected data on patients up to 15 years of age from all 31 pediatric hospitals and pediatric gastroenterologists in Saxony over a 15-year period (2000–2014). In 2019, an independent survey estimated a registry completeness of 95.7%. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) per 100,000 person-years (PY) and prevalence per 100,000 children and adolescents were calculated. Evaluation was also been performed in sex and age subgroups. Joinpoint and Poisson regression were used for trend analyses and projections. Results 532 patients with confirmed IBD during 2000–2014 were included in the epidemiological evaluation. 63.5% (n = 338) patients had CD, 33.1% (n = 176) had UC and 3.4% (n = 18) had unclassified IBD (IBD-U). The 15-year IBD prevalence was 111.8 [95%-CI: 102.3–121.3] per 100,000. The incidence ASR of IBD per 100,000 PY over the whole observation period was 7.5 [6.9–8.1]. ASR for the subtypes were 4.8 [4.3–5.3] for CD, 2.5 [2.1–2.9] for UC and 0.3 [0.1–0.4] for IBD-U. The trend analysis of ASR using the joinpoint regression confirmed a significant increase for incidence of IBD as well as CD. For IBD, the ASR per 100,000 PY increased from 4.6 [2.8–6.3] in 2000 to 8.2 [7.5–13.6] in 2014; projected incidence rates for IBD in Germany are 12.9 [6.5–25.5] in the year 2025 and 14.9 [6.7–32.8] in 2030, respectively. Thus, the number of new IBD diagnoses in Germany would more than triple (325%) in 2030 compared to 2000. The increase is expected to be faster in CD than UC, and be more in males than in females. The expected number of newly diagnosed children with IBD in Germany is projected to rise to about 1,584 [1,512–1,655] in 2025, and to about 1,918 [1,807–2,29] in 2030. Conclusion The incidence of IBD in children and adolescents in Saxony increased at a similar rate as in other developed countries during the observation period. Given this trend, the health care system must provide adequate resources for the care of these young patients in the future.