Remote work was already an ongoing trend amongst software developers, but the sudden and unexpected occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic made it normal due to the obligations for many people to stay and work from home.  To go from the safeness of the work office with an always-working Internet connection and colleagues around to exchange ideas with, to working from home can be a big change from one day to another. Without a good structure or adjustment from the organization, this would lead to a decrease in good work results, communication issues and difficulty for managers to keep track of what is done and by whom. To facilitate this, commonly used methods are the Agile Methodologies. Beck et al. (2001) make it significant in the 12 principles of Agile that the most efficient and effective method of conveying information is by face-to-face conversation for the best results. Investigating the work that was done face-to-face previous to the pandemic but is now done remotely from home within agile teams is therefore of much relevance today. This thesis was intended to investigate and learn how the use of agile methodologies has facilitated the sudden transition to remote work from home and affected the aspects of communication and work results within an agile development team. The study was conducted using the qualitative method with interviews consisting of seven open-response and two closed-response questions with respondents in agile teams from a software development company in Sweden. The analysis was made thematically in relation to Bridge’s Transition Model, and in relation to previous research. The study identified three themes to answer the research question based on the theoretical framework; The Change, Communication and Work Results. The results of the study show that the use of Agile Methodologies indeed has simplified the sudden transition to remote work from home, which was called The Change, as many of the agile practices already were done online previous to the pandemic. The study has also concluded that the use of Agile Methodologies has positively affected the aspects of communication and work results in an agile team, as it was found that forms of communication became more creative as they occurred more frequently while working from home, and it ultimately led to more valuable end-results. / Distansarbete var redan en pågående trend bland mjukvaruutvecklare, men den plötsliga och oväntade förekomsten av COVID-19-pandemin gjorde det normalt på grund av restriktionerna för många människor att arbeta hemifrån. Att gå från arbetskontorets säkerhet med en alltid fungerande internetuppkoppling och kollegor runt om för att diskutera idéer med, till att arbeta hemifrån kan vara en stor förändring från en dag till en annan. Utan en bra struktur eller anpassning från organisationen skulle detta leda till en minskning av goda arbetsresultat, dålig kommunikation och svårigheter för chefer att hålla reda på vad som görs och av vem. Vanliga metoder att använda för att underlätta detta är de agila metoderna. Beck et al. (2001) gör det tydligt i de 12 principerna för Agile att den mest effektiva metoden för att förmedla information i ett projekt är genom konversationer face to face, för bästa resultat. Att undersöka det arbete som innan pandemin gjordes face to face men nu görs på distans hemifrån inom agila team är därför av stor relevans idag. Denna studie var avsedd att undersöka och få kunskap om hur användningen av agila metoder har underlättat den plötsliga övergången till distansarbete hemifrån och påverkat aspekterna av kommunikation och arbetsresultat inom ett agilt utvecklingsteam. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av den kvalitativa metoden med intervjuer bestående av sju öppna frågor och två slutna svarfrågor med respondenter i agila team från ett mjukvaruutvecklingsföretag i Sverige. Analysen gjordes tematiskt i förhållande till Bridge’s Transition Model och i förhållande till tidigare forskning. Studien identifierade tre teman för att besvara forskningsfrågan utifrån det teoretiska ramverket; The Change, Communication och Work Results. Resultaten av studien visar att användningen av agila metoder har förenklat den plötsliga övergången till distansarbete hemifrån, eftersom många av de agila aktiviteterna redan gjordes online före pandemin. Studien har också dragit slutsatsen att användningen av agila metoder har påverkat aspekterna kommunikation och arbetsresultat positivt i ett agilt team, eftersom det visade sig att kommunikationsformer blev mer kreativa eftersom kommunikationen blev mer frekvent inträffande när de arbetade hemifrån, och det ledde slutligen till mer värdefulla slutresultat i projekt.

The lack of knowledge regarding the perception of risks in agile project management is evident in research. With this knowledge, this study sets out to address this issue and close the gap in knowledge regarding this issue by identifying the individual perception of risk by a project leader, SCRUM master, and two system developers, and comparing the individual appetite matrices to a unified appetite matrix created by a Delphi panel. A case study at an IT consulting firm, working with several projects in parallel, in Sweden is conducted. A risk register is used to collect the data, with the principle of assisting in creation of the risk appetite matrices. The result shows that the individual risk appetites differ significantly from the group’s unified risk appetite. The group showed itself far more risk aggressive than the individual appetite which was risk aversive in relation to the group’s appetite. The lack of RM practices is evident in smaller IT firms such as these, as there are no clear standardized approaches to the mapping or classification of risks; a far more informal approach is taken.

Com o aumento recente na demanda de soluções inovadoras no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de base tecnológica, as organizações têm enfrentado o desafio de desenvolver novos modelos de negócio em um espaço de tempo cada vez menor, necessitando de agilidade e flexibilidade na condução de seus projetos para se posicionar neste novo cenário econômico. Entretanto, nem sempre é possível a adoção do gerenciamento ágil de maneira purista devido ao ambiente organizacional e aos aspectos regulatórios específicos de alguns setores. Para introduzir essas práticas em seus ambientes, algumas organizações optam por combinar práticas das abordagens ágil e tradicional para adaptar a metodologia de gestão de projetos às necessidades de seus contextos, dando origem ao termo gerenciamento híbrido de projetos. Todavia, apesar de existirem estudos na literatura que proponham modelos mesclando práticas de ambas as abordagens para atender necessidades de contextos específicos, não são encontrados estudos que discutam o papel estratégico do gerenciamento híbrido como vetor para a prospecção de novos negócios e o desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços baseados em tecnologia. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar os principais benefícios e desafios decorrentes da aplicação do gerenciamento híbrido nas organizações para viabilizar estratégias e estabelecer novos modelos negócios em projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de base tecnológica. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre gerenciamento híbrido de projetos e cinco estudos de caso em empresas de diferentes setores econômicos, que permitiram identificar as características do gerenciamento híbrido no âmbito teórico e prático, discutir seu papel em auxiliar as organizações a adaptar seus projetos aos novos modelos de negócio presentes no mercado. Além disso, os resultados obtidos também permitiram identificar as vantagens e desvantagens do gerenciamento híbrido nesses contextos, possibilitando assim estabelecer recomendações e critérios para avaliar quando é necessária a aplicação desse tipo de abordagem em projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de base tecnologia. / With the recent increase on demand for innovative solutions in the development of technology-based products and services, organizations have faced the challenge of developing new business models in an increasingly shorter time frame. However, these organizations need agility and flexibility to conducting their projects for position themselves in these new strategic scenarios in the markets. In this context, it is not always possible to adopt a purely agile project management model because of issues related to the organizational environment and the specific regulatory aspects to some business segments, and, therefore, to introduce agile management on environments that are incompatible with the practices of this type of approach, it is necessary to customize and combine the practices of the agile and traditional approaches to construct a management methodology adapted to the reality and the needs of the context, leading to the hybrid project management approach. Although there are studies in the literature that propose hybrid project management models and discuss the need to combine project management practices in certain contexts, no studies are found that explore and discuss the strategic role of hybrid management for organizations in prospecting new business models. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the main benefits and challenges arising from the application of hybrid project management approaches in organizations to enable strategies and establish new business models in technology-based product and service development projects. For this, a systematic review of the literature on hybrid project management and five case studies were carried out in companies from different economic sectors that allowed the identification of hybridity characteristics in the theoretical and practical scope, to analyze how hybrid project management assists organizations to introduce the agility in their projects and adapt them to the new business models, as well as presenting the advantages and disadvantages in the application of hybridity and identify when it is necessary to apply this type of approach in projects that develop technology-based products and services .

Com o aumento recente na demanda de soluções inovadoras no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de base tecnológica, as organizações têm enfrentado o desafio de desenvolver novos modelos de negócio em um espaço de tempo cada vez menor, necessitando de agilidade e flexibilidade na condução de seus projetos para se posicionar neste novo cenário econômico. Entretanto, nem sempre é possível a adoção do gerenciamento ágil de maneira purista devido ao ambiente organizacional e aos aspectos regulatórios específicos de alguns setores. Para introduzir essas práticas em seus ambientes, algumas organizações optam por combinar práticas das abordagens ágil e tradicional para adaptar a metodologia de gestão de projetos às necessidades de seus contextos, dando origem ao termo gerenciamento híbrido de projetos. Todavia, apesar de existirem estudos na literatura que proponham modelos mesclando práticas de ambas as abordagens para atender necessidades de contextos específicos, não são encontrados estudos que discutam o papel estratégico do gerenciamento híbrido como vetor para a prospecção de novos negócios e o desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços baseados em tecnologia. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar os principais benefícios e desafios decorrentes da aplicação do gerenciamento híbrido nas organizações para viabilizar estratégias e estabelecer novos modelos negócios em projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de base tecnológica. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre gerenciamento híbrido de projetos e cinco estudos de caso em empresas de diferentes setores econômicos, que permitiram identificar as características do gerenciamento híbrido no âmbito teórico e prático, discutir seu papel em auxiliar as organizações a adaptar seus projetos aos novos modelos de negócio presentes no mercado. Além disso, os resultados obtidos também permitiram identificar as vantagens e desvantagens do gerenciamento híbrido nesses contextos, possibilitando assim estabelecer recomendações e critérios para avaliar quando é necessária a aplicação desse tipo de abordagem em projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de base tecnologia. / With the recent increase on demand for innovative solutions in the development of technology-based products and services, organizations have faced the challenge of developing new business models in an increasingly shorter time frame. However, these organizations need agility and flexibility to conducting their projects for position themselves in these new strategic scenarios in the markets. In this context, it is not always possible to adopt a purely agile project management model because of issues related to the organizational environment and the specific regulatory aspects to some business segments, and, therefore, to introduce agile management on environments that are incompatible with the practices of this type of approach, it is necessary to customize and combine the practices of the agile and traditional approaches to construct a management methodology adapted to the reality and the needs of the context, leading to the hybrid project management approach. Although there are studies in the literature that propose hybrid project management models and discuss the need to combine project management practices in certain contexts, no studies are found that explore and discuss the strategic role of hybrid management for organizations in prospecting new business models. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the main benefits and challenges arising from the application of hybrid project management approaches in organizations to enable strategies and establish new business models in technology-based product and service development projects. For this, a systematic review of the literature on hybrid project management and five case studies were carried out in companies from different economic sectors that allowed the identification of hybridity characteristics in the theoretical and practical scope, to analyze how hybrid project management assists organizations to introduce the agility in their projects and adapt them to the new business models, as well as presenting the advantages and disadvantages in the application of hybridity and identify when it is necessary to apply this type of approach in projects that develop technology-based products and services .

Abstract—Background: Software Process Improvement (SPI) maturity models have been developed to assist organizations to enhance software quality. Agile methodologies are used to ensure productivity and quality of a software product. Amongst others they are applied in Small and Medium – sized Enterprises (SMEs). However, little is known about the combination of Agile methodologies and SPI maturity models regarding SMEs and the results that could emerge, as all the current SPI models are addressed to larger organizations and all these improvement models are difficult to be used by Small and Medium – sized firms. Combinations of these methodologies could lead to improvement in the quality of the software products, better project management methodologies and organized software development framework. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the main Agile methodologies and SPI maturity models applied in SMEs, the combinations of these methodologies, and the results that could emerge. Through these combinations, new software development frameworks are proposed. What is more, the results of this study can be used as a guide with the appropriate combination for each SME, as a better project management methodology or as improvement in the current software engineering practices. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review was conducted, resulting in 71 selected relevant papers ranging from 2001 to 2013. Besides, a survey has been performed from June 2013 to October 2013, including 49 participants. Results: Seven Agile methodologies and six different SPI maturity models were identified and discussed. Furthermore, the combination of eight different Agile methodologies and Software Process Improvement maturity models is presented, and as well as their benefits and drawbacks that could emerge in Small and Medium – sized firms. Conclusion: The majority of the Agile methodologies and SPI maturity models are addressed to large or very large enterprises. Thus, little research has been conducted for SMEs. The combinations of the Agile methodologies and SPI maturity models are usually performed in experimental stages. However, it has been observed that such type of combination could present numerous benefits, which can also be applicable in SMEs as well. The combinations that are most common are the CMMI and XP, CMMI and Scrum, CMMI and Six Sigma, and the PRINCE2 and DSDM. / 0034-636835645

Competition in the market for small software companies is high and given the current global economic crisis, it is important for these companies to gain competitive advantage in the market. One of the weaknesses of the studied company is insufficiently described processes and thus possible areas of the process which are not properly or sufficiently supported by current IS infrastructure. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the process of project-based company that uses agile methodologies for software development and based on the results of process analysis to assess the current state of IT support processes with regard to the strategic objectives of the company to design the new IS infrastructure. To perform the process analysis, I used the Methodology for Modeling and Analysis of Business Process (MMABP). Subsequently, the processes identified in the analysis process were analysed from the perspective of the strategic objectives of the company and also in terms of their support in the current IS infrastructure. Based on these analyses, were identified areas of the processes that have poor or no support, at all. In the epilogue, I proposed modification of the existing infrastructure IS, where all the process will have the appropriate information support. The biggest changes were in support of business processes, where a new CRM system was proposed and a new intranet portal was introduced, which should cover the first phase of particularly poor information support of the current processes in the field of human resources management.

Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na zefektivnění procesu řízení ve vývoji softwaru, a to integrováním agilní metodiky Scrum do projektu. Navrhnuté řešení obsahuje stěžejní principy a součásti metodologie a jejich konkrétní doporučenou aplikaci v projekte ABC v soulade s jeho specifikami.

La industria del sector de restaurantes ha venido siendo una de las de mayor crecimiento en el Perú, incrementando también de forma continua la oferta y la competencia. Las estrategias diseñadas en el sector han estado basadas principalmente en la calidad del servicio, ofertas y productos; pero los procesos detrás de estas estrategias han resultado muchas veces operativamente ineficientes, afectando directamente los márgenes del negocio; algo que ha sido observado por cada una de las empresas activas. Durante los últimos años, y sobre todo en el 2020 debido a la coyuntura presentada por el COVID-19, esta industria también se ha visto afectada por la ralentización de la economía y paralización de los mercados, evidenciando las falencias operativas y resaltando los sobrecostos, acentuando aún más la necesidad de crear economías de escala como parte de sus estrategias. Con el objetivo de optimizar costos, los restaurantes han encontrado un aliado en la transformación digital de sus procesos, incrementando de forma natural el número de proyectos de tecnología requeridos, exigiendo mejores resultados y una gestión mas eficiente, lo cual ha generado diversas oportunidades de mejora en la ejecución, sobrecostos de la gestión y procesos que conviven de forma no estandarizada. El presente trabajo de investigación propone el diseño e implementación de una oficina de gestión de valor, alineada con los valores de la organización, basada en el uso de prácticas agiles y lean para la gestión de proyectos de tecnología, con procesos definidos y la generación de valor como prioridad. / The restaurant sector industry has been one of the fastest growing in Peru, leading to the continuous increase of the offer and competition. This sector's designed strategies have been based mainly on service quality, offers, and products, but the processes behind these strategies have often been operationally inefficient, directly affecting business margins, something that the active companies have perceived. Lately, especially in 2020, due to the COVID-19 situation, this industry has also been affected by the slowdown in the economy and the paralysis of the markets; showing the operational shortcomings and highlighting cost overruns, furthermore, accentuating the need to create economies of scale as part of their strategies. To optimize costs, restaurants have found an ally in the digital transformation of their processes, increasing the number of required technology projects naturally, demanding better results and more efficient management, which has generated various improvement opportunities in the execution, cost management, and processes that coexist in a non-standardized way. This research work proposes the design and implementation of a value management office aligned with the organization's values, based on the use of agile and lean practices for the management of technology projects, with defined processes and the generation of value as a priority. / Trabajo de investigación

En el siguiente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo elaborar una propuesta de implementación de una PMO apoyándose en un framework Lean - Agile para una empresa de servicios compartidos, el cual brinde el soporte en la Gestión de Proyectos en el área de TI de la empresa, debido a la cantidad de proyectos que se reciben en el área de TI; por lo cual esta propuesta permitirá mejorar el desempeño en la gestión de los proyectos en la empresa. Basado en los principios Ágiles, acompañado de las buenas prácticas Lean, el framework propuesto estará compuesto por los servicios que brindará la PMO, de acuerdo con el análisis de interesados que se realizó como parte del diagnóstico para la identificación de los mismos. Cada servicio contará con la organización necesaria a partir de entregables y lineamientos ágiles que permita a la empresa obtener una mejor planificación, desarrollo y ejecución para la realización de proyectos y lograr la concreción de los objetivos trazados y metas propuestas para cada uno de ellos. Todo esto de acuerdo a un plan de implementación de esta propuesta, así como también se realiza una evaluación financiera donde se indicará los beneficios financieros y no financieros, el cual mostrará la viabilidad de la propuesta. / The following research aims as main objective to develop a proposal for the implementation of a PMO based on a Lean - Agile framework for a shared services company, which will provide support in Project Management of the IT area of ​​the company, which is due to the several projects received by the IT area. This proposal will allow to improve performance in project management of the company. Based on Agile principles, followed by good Lean practices, the proposed framework will be composed of services that the PMO will provide, in accordance with the stakeholder analysis that was carried out as part of an identifying diagnosis. Each service will have the necessary organization, based on deliverables and agile guidelines that allow the company to obtain better planning, development and execution to carry out projects and achieve the objectives stated and goals proposed for each of them. All this according to an implementation plan for this proposal, as well as a financial evaluation is carried out indicating the financial and non-financial benefits, which will show the viability of the proposal. / Trabajo de investigación

Examensarbetet har inneburit iterationer för att ta reda på hur sektionen Research & Development, Truck layout (RTL) på Scania kan förbättra planering och styrning för att säkra hög leveransprecision. RTL består av sju grupper som arbetar med chassiutveckling. Fler av grupperna på sektionen har börjat resan mot ett agilt arbetssätt för att öka sin flexibilitet och säkra sina leveranser. Det agila arbetssättet visar sig ha en positiv inverkan på leveranssäkerheten hos de grupper som lyckats med implementeringen. Inledningsvis observerades den dagliga styrningen, en gång hos varje grupp. För att ta reda på mer om gruppernas olika förutsättningar intervjuades respektive gruppchef. Fler av grupperna besöktes igen för att komplettera data om nuläget. En enkät skickades ut till medarbetarna på sektionen, svarsfrekvensen blev drygt 70 % och det konstateras att majoriteten svarade positivt i frågor om hur det är att arbeta i sin grupp. Däremot var de inte lika positiva kring hur stor nytta den dagliga styrningen bidrar med. En sprintplanering följdes hos den grupp som kommit längst med att arbeta agilt för att se hur planering av en fyra veckors sprint går till. Intervjuer hölls med sakkunniga för att få reda på mer om agilt arbete samt daglig styrning. Daglig styrning är ett av de forum som finns för planering och styrning, efter att ha studerat daglig styrning, sprintplanering samt teorier om agilt arbetssätt valde vi att fokusera examensarbetet på att optimera den dagliga styrningen. Utifrån observationer, intervjuer och teori kring agilt arbete samt daglig styrning användes kvalitetsverktyg. Utifrån två områden som kvalitetsverktygen resulterade i upptäcktes förbättringspotential för den dagliga styrningen. Syftet med daglig styrning måste klargöras samt regelbundet diskuteras hos samtliga grupper på RTL. De behöver även arbeta med fokus och hålla sig till sådant som är relevant för den dagliga styrningen / In order to find out how the Scania section RTL can improve planning and management to ensure high delivery precision this thesis work has consisted of iterations. The section Research Truck Layout (RTL) consists of seven groups that are working with chassis development. In order to increase their flexibility and secure their deliveries some of the groups have begun working towards agile methodologies. The agile methodologies has proven to have a positive impact on the delivery precision in the groups that succeeded with implementation. Initially, once in every group, the groups daily meetings was observed. In order to find out more about the groups different pre-requisite interviews were conducted with the group managers. Several of the groups were visited again to complete data about their current state. A survey was sent to the employees on the section, the response rate was over 70% and it showed that most employees had positive feeling towards working in their group. However, they were not as positive in regards to the benefits of daily management meetings. A followup was made on the group that was furthest along in working agile, the follow-up was made by observing the planning of a sprint. Interviews was held with experts to find out more about agile work as well as daily meetings. Daily management is a forum for planning and management, after studying daily management, sprint planning and theories of agile working methods, we chose to focus this thesis work on optimizing daily management. Based on observations, interviews, theories about agile methodologies and with the support of quality tools, two areas emerged which both have an improvement potential for a day-to-day management. The first area is the purpose of daily management, it has to be clarified and regularly discussed within all groups. The other area is focus, it needs to be worked on so that the meetings only contain topics that is relevant.