Text in English / Scrum is the most adopted and under-researched Agile methodology. The research conducted on Scrum adoption is mainly qualitative. Therefore, there was a need for a quantitative study to investigate Scrum adoption challenges. The general objective of this study was to investigate the factors that have a significant relationship with Scrum adoption as perceived by Scrum practitioners working within South African organisations. To achieve this objective a narrative review to synthesise the existing challenges was conducted, followed by the use of these challenges in the development of a conceptual framework. After that, a survey questionnaire was used to test and evaluate the developed framework. The research findings indicate that relative advantage, complexity, and sprint management are factors that have a significant linear relationship with Scrum adoption. The findings are generalisable to the population, and the author recommends that organisations review the findings during their adoption phase of Scrum. / Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) / University of South Africa (UNISA) / School of Computing / M.Sc. (Computing)

Esta investigación tiene como fin aplicar un modelo Agile de gestión de proyectos con la utilización del marco de trabajo Scrum en un proyecto de conjunto residencial en el distrito del Cercado de Lima, Lima, Perú. Para esto, el estudio empleó un cuestionario completado por profesionales del sector construcción, con el fin de determinar las actividades que generan mayores sobrecostos, retrabajos y plazos dentro de las etapas de proyectos. A su vez, se realizó la propuesta de aplicación SCRUM dentro del sector construcción para finalmente desarrollar la implementación de este modelo en la capital peruana y determinar los resultados obtenidos frente al modelo tradicional Lean Construction y, a partir de este resultado, proponer una guía de aplicación del marco de trabajo SCRUM en futuros proyectos de construcción. / This research aims to apply an Agile project management model with the use of the Scrum framework in a residential complex project in the Cercado de Lima district, Lima, Peru. For this, the study used a questionnaire completed by professionals in the construction sector, in order to determine the activities that generate the highest cost overruns, rework and deadlines within the project stages. In turn, the SCRUM application proposal was made within the construction sector to finally develop the implementation of this model in the Peruvian capital and determine the results obtained compared to the traditional Lean Construction model and from this result propose an application guide on the SCRUM framework for future construction projects. / Tesis

Este trabajo de investigación está enfocado en la cadena de valor de la venta internacional de palta Hass de la producción obtenida de la ciudad de Carac, Huaral con la finalidad que los agricultores de esta zona pueden obtener mayores ingresos económicos. Dentro de la zona se realizó un censo y se obtuvo como resultado que 12 de los 13 agricultores realizan venta de su producto directamente a un bróker. Además, se tuvo como resultado todo el flujo de la venta, desde la compra de materias primas hasta el envío de la palta de forma internacional. Debido al resultado, se pudo identificar los procesos que realizan los agricultores y cuáles son los que realiza el bróker. Con el fin de que el bróker no realice todas las funciones del flujo, se planteó que los agricultores tengan mayores procesos a su cargo, como son el de transporte y de la exportación, de esta manera el bróker se convertiría en un “agente de ventas”. Se realizó una prueba piloto en un contenedor LCL y su rentabilidad fue de 100 dólares En conclusión, los procesos se dividirán en 3 etapas: Compras, Transporte y Exportación. El bróker se encargará de conseguir las ventas internacionales y el ahora comprará las paltas a los agricultores a un costo mayor, teniendo como resultado un incremento de S/1.05 por Kg por parte de los agricultores. / This research work is focused on the value chain of the international sale of Hass avocado from the production obtained from the city of Carac, Huaral with the purpose that the farmers of this area can obtain greater economic income. Within the area, a census was carried out and it was obtained as a result that 12 of the 13 farmers sell their product directly to a broker. In addition, the entire flow of the sale was obtained, from the purchase of raw materials to the shipment of the avocado internationally. Due to the result, it was possible to identify the processes that farmers carry out and which ones are carried out by the broker. In order for the broker not to perform all the functions of the flow, it was proposed that farmers have greater processes in charge, such as transport and export, in this way the broker would become a "sales agent”. A pilot test was carried out in an LCL container, and its profitability was 100 dollars In conclusion, the processes will be divided into 3 stages: Purchasing, Transportation and Export. The broker will be in charge of achieving international sales and he will now buy the avocados from the farmers at a higher cost, resulting in an increase of S / 1.05 per Kg by the farmers. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The master's thesis deals with the optical recognition of the tasks board in the agile environment. Based on theoretical knowledge about the agile project management, the concept of the task board is introduced. Possible representations of this agile tool are discussed, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. In connection with the optical recognition of the objects, follows the theoretical part dealing with barcodes, their structure and methods of detection and decoding. Based on these facts, the application design is reflecting all the needs specified by the company Siemens CT DC which is the contracting authority of the project. Implemented solution used for synchronization between the physical and virtual task board is able to detect the task cards with reliability about 95 % and allows the full synchronization of the task board during the four cycles. Deployment in the software development team and using the fully automated mode brings approximately five times quicker synchronization than it was before. In a case of semi-automated mode, it is about three times faster than before.

El presente trabajo empieza con el marco teórico para establecer la definición de términos y conceptos específicos de investigación como Metodología Lean Six Sigma, Estudio de Métodos, Calidad, Eficiencia y Municiones. Luego, en el estado del arte, se reúne y analiza la información de diversos artículos de investigación para obtener un sustento científico y conocer el actual uso de las diferentes herramientas empleadas para dar soporte a la investigación. Después de establecer la importancia del sector en estudio, se realiza el diagnóstico de la empresa para identificar oportunidades de mejora. Empleando herramientas de ingeniería en el proceso de producción se identificó baja eficiencia, alta cantidad de productos no conformes, falta de estandarización y oportunidades de mejora. Se encontró alto porcentaje de defectos en el proceso de Formación de Copa Vaina; debido al desconocimiento de tiempo de vida útil de los utillajes, colocación errada de utillajes, desconocimiento de frecuencia de calibración, desconocimiento de frecuencia y método de set up. El proceso de lavado, el cual es indispensable a lo largo de la línea de producción, también presenta alto porcentaje de defectos debido a la mezcla errónea de los químicos empleados para lavar los casquillos. Se propone un modelo combinado de Lean Six Sigma y Métodos de trabajo para mejorar los problemas hallados en la línea de producción de casquillos, aumentando la eficiencia y reduciendo los defectos. Por último, se realizó una prueba piloto como método de validación logrando resultados óptimos al emplear el modelo combinado propuesto. / This applied research project begins with the theoretical framework to stablish the definition of specific research terms and concepts, such as Lean Six Sigma Methodology, Study of Methods, Quality, Efficiency and Ammunition. Then, in the state of the art, the information collected from various research articles is analyzed to obtain a scientific support and know the different tools used in them to support this investigation. After establishing the importance of the sector under study, the diagnosis of the company is made to identify opportunities for improvement. using different engineering tools in the production process line identified low efficiency, high quantity of non-conforming products, lack of standardization and opportunities for improvement. High percentage of defects were found in the Vaina Cup Formation process this due to lack of knowledge of useful lifetime tools, wrong placement of tolls, lack of knowledge of calibration frequency, frequency and set up method. The washing process, which is essential along the production line, also has a high percentage of defects due to the wrong mixing of the chemicals used to wash the case of the ammunition. a combined model of Lean Six Sigma and Work Methods is proposed to improve the problems found on the cartridge case production line, increasing efficiency and reducing defects. Finally, a pilot test was performed as a validation method, achieving optimal results when using the proposed combined model. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente trabajo de investigación identifico que el uso de las practicas Lean para mejorar la rotación de inventario y proceso de despacho en una empresa distribuidora de pinturas en polvo permitirán mejorar los indicadores clave de gestión en una MYPE distribuidora de pinturas en polvo y por consiguiente permitirá disminuir el impacto económico que las malas prácticas generan. El trabajo contiene 4 capítulos. El primero revisa el estado del arte y Marco teórico. El segundo capítulo ejecuta el diagnóstico para lo cual describimos la organización estudiada para identificar el problema, analizar sus causas y alternativas de solución. El tercer capítulo contempla la propuesta de mejora mediante el análisis y pronóstico de la demanda, usos de herramientas como el EOQ y el MRP para una correcta gestión de inventarios, además usa la estandarización de procesos y 5S. El cuarto capitulo corresponde a la validación de ingeniería y económica. Finalmente, la conclusión sostiene que gracias a la implementación de las herramientas mencionadas se logra disminuir significativamente el impacto económico que tiene como consecuencia el exceso de costos, asimismo se logran valores adecuados en los indicadores claves de control. / The present research work identified that the use of Lean practices to improve the inventory rotation and dispatch process in a powder coating distribution company will improve the key management indicators in a MYPE distributor of powder paints and therefore will reduce the economic impact that bad practices generate. The work contains 4 chapters. The first reviews the state of the art and theoretical framework. The second chapter executes the diagnosis for which we describe the organization studied to identify the problem, analyze its causes and alternative solutions. The third chapter contemplates the proposal for improvement through the analysis and forecasting of demand, uses of tools such as EOQ and MRP for a proper inventory management, also uses process standardization and 5S. The fourth chapter corresponds to engineering and economic validation. Finally, the conclusion holds that thanks to the implementation of the aforementioned tools, it is possible to significantly reduce the economic impact that excess costs have as a consequence, as well as adequate values in the key control indicators. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

La minería juega un papel muy importante en el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo sostenible de un país o una región. Este sector desempeña un papel fundamental en la economía y trae consigo el incremento de las reservas nacionales, además, contribuyen a la sociedad incentivando las inversiones y el empleo, permitiendo un equilibrio económico. En el presente trabajo de investigación se evaluó la eficiencia de las plantas de producción de una cantera mediante el indicador OEE (Overal Equipment effectiveness). Obteniendo como resultado actual el 65%, mientras que el promedio estándar mundial es del 85%, y el de las otras canteras de la empresa es del 80%. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se identificaron y analizaron las causas que afectan a la eficiencia de la cantera. Siendo las causas más relevantes, los atoros que se producen en la chancadora, mantenimientos correctivos, inspección de equipos, limpieza de colas de faja y abastecimientos de hormigón. Así mismo, en base a las causas analizadas se propone la implementación de la metodología Lean y sus herramientas TPM y SMED. Con el objetivo de incrementar el OEE de las plantas de producción de la cantera. La implementación de la herramienta TPM nos permitirá disminuir los tiempos de paradas por mantenimientos correctivos. Mientras, la implementación de la herramienta SMED nos permite disminuir los tiempos de las causas de inspección de equipos, desataros de la chancadora, limpieza de colas y abastecimiento de hormigón. Con la implementación de estas herramientas se logrará incrementar el OEE en un 23.5%. / Mining plays a very important role in the economic growth and sustainable development of a country or a region. This sector plays a fundamental role in the economy and brings with it an increase in national reserves, in addition, they contribute to society by encouraging investment and employment, allowing an economic balance. In the present research work, the efficiency of the production plants of a quarry was evaluated using the OEE indicator (Overal Equipment effectiveness). Obtaining as a current result 65%, while the world standard average is 85%, and that of the other quarries of the company is 80%. For the development of the research, the causes that affect the efficiency of the quarry were identified and analyzed. Being the most relevant causes, the jams that occur in the crusher, corrective maintenance, equipment inspection, cleaning of strip glues and concrete supplies. Likewise, based on the causes analyzed, the implementation of the Lean methodology and its TPM and SMED tools is proposed. With the aim of increasing the OEE of the quarry production plants. The implementation of the TPM tool will allow us to reduce downtime for corrective maintenance. Meanwhile, the implementation of the SMED tool allows us to reduce the times of the causes of inspection of equipment, loosening of the crusher, cleaning of tails and supply of concrete. With the implementation of these tools, the OEE will be increased by 23.5%. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The increase in complexity in software development is followed by higher pressure on several factors such as time-to-market. Software development projects are, however, found to often run over time due to many uncertainties throughout the project. Agile methodologies have become popular in managing software development projects due to their flexible, short-term, and iterative approach to working and planning. There is however a dilemma between being agile without fixed plans, and simultaneously having pressure from management and customers to set and meet a deadline, based on long-term plans. The Agile way of working includes self-organized teams that are involved in project management tasks such as planning and estimating. Agile teams create their own variances of different Agile frameworks as well as their own team characteristics, planning methods, and working ways. Important characteristics of Agile teams are, for instance, cross-functionality and adaptation. Agile planning includes activities such as the breakdown of work, effort estimation, prioritization, task assignment, and planning of iterations. These activities are commonly used in software development teams to manage their work and increase the ability to deliver on time.  This study aims to investigate how software development teams plan their work in practice and what Agile planning activities and Agile team characteristics are regarded, by the development teams, to be important for on-time delivery. Furthermore, it is interesting to investigate how the identified activities and characteristics are reflected in the teams’ actual planning. A case study is conducted on two software development teams at Ericsson’s organization Cloud RAN to investigate this matter.  The studied software development teams are found to use variations of Agile methodologies. The thesis identifies a number of Agile planning activities and team characteristics to be regarded, by the teams, as important for on-time delivery. Many of these activities and characteristics are also reflected in how the teams actually plan. However, there are some contrasting opinions regarding the activities and team characteristics. It can therefore not be stated that all the identified Agile activities and team characteristics are reflected in the actual team-level planning. The thesis also includes other findings impacting teams to deliver on time as well as factors affecting team-level planning.

Mjukvaruutveckling kräver bra arbetsmetoder för att man ska kunna leverera effektivt och välfungerande mjukvara. För att lyckas med detta behöves en bra arbetsmetod som de kan arbeta efter. Agila metoder blir mer populära att arbeta med när det gäller mjukvaruutveckling i dagens teknikföretag. Fler företag går över att arbeta efter agila metoder med projekt istället för den traditionella vattenfallsmetoden. Anledningen till detta är att fler och fler företag misslyckas att leverera projekten i tid med vattenfallsmetoden vilket medför mer kostnader för företag. Agila metoder hjälper däremot företag att få struktur som leder till bättre arbetssätt som i sin tur resulterar i att projekten blir avslutade i tid. Denna studie undersökte användning och anpassningar av agila metoden Scrum på en bank och om detta har medfört några förbättringar i arbete med mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av intervjuer med Scrummästare, Agila coacher, produktägare samt chefer som arbetar med Scrum-metoden. Resultatet visar att agila metoden Scrum ger mer struktur samt transparens till projekt. Anpassningar till produktägarrollen på företaget har medfört att rätt uppdrag blir prioriterade och teamen får en tydlig backlogg att arbeta efter. Arbetet enligt Scrummetoden har hjälpt team att få en tydlig struktur och ökat leverans av projekt. / Software development requires good working methods to be to deliver efficient and effective software. To achieve this, companies require a good working method that they can work with. Agile methods are becoming more popular to work with when it comes to software development in today's technology companies. More companies are beginning to work with agile methods for project management instead of the traditional waterfall method. The reason for this is that more and more companies fail to deliver projects on time with the waterfall method, which means more costs for companies. The reason for this is that more and more companies fail to deliver projects on time with the waterfall method, which means more costs for companies. Agile methodologies however help companies to get structure that led to better work, which in turn results in that projects are completed on time. This study examined the usage and customization of agile method Scrum in a bank, and if this has led to some improvements in the work of software development projects. The investigation was conducted through interviews with Scrum Master, Agile coaches, product owners and managers who work with the Scrum method. The result shows that the agile method Scrum provides more structure and transparency to projects. Adaptations to the product owner role in the company has led to that right assignment are prioritized and teams get a clear backlog to work with. The work with the Scrum method has helped the team to have a clear structure and increased delivery of projects.

As metodologias ágeis e em especial a Programação eXtrema (XP) surgem como um contraponto aos métodos tradicionais de desenvolvimento de software. Nos encontramos em um momento no qual considera-se aceitável encontrar defeitos em programas de computador, até mesmo naqueles sistemas pelos quais temos que pagar muito dinheiro. Melhorar o ensino de técnicas para que equipes possam colaborar no desenvolvimento de software de qualidade é essencial para que esta área do conhecimento alcance a maturidade que esperamos. O ensino de XP é uma tarefa relativamente complexa pois exige que pessoas passem por uma mudança cultural, para aceitar seus valores, princípios e práticas. Diferentes organizações precisam adaptar a metodologia para que ela funcione bem em seu contexto local. Encontrar maneiras de facilitar o ensino e a adoção das práticas ágeis é fundamental para melhorar a qualidade do software desenvolvido no país. Este trabalho pesquisa o ensino de XP em contextos acadêmicos, governamentais e industriais. Três estudos de caso foram conduzidos e analisados para sugerir padrões que podem auxiliar o ensino da metodologia por um educador em qualquer contexto. / Agile methodologies, specially eXtreme Programming (XP), appear as a counterpoint to traditional software development methods. We live in a moment were it is considered acceptable to find bugs in computer programs, even those for which we pay a lot of money. It is essential to improve the way we teach techniques with which teams can collaborate on the development of quality software so that this area of knowledge reaches the maturity we wish. Teaching XP is a relatively complex task because it implies that people must go through a cultural change to accept its values, principles, and practices. Different organizations need to adapt the methodology so that it will work well in their local context. Finding ways to facilitate teaching and adopting agile practices is fundamental to improve the quality of software being developed in the country. This work researches the process of teaching XP in academic, governmental and industrial con- texts. Three case studies were conducted and analyzed so that we could suggest patterns that can support educators teaching the methodology in any context.