This thesis suggests that it is impossible to consider any administrative agency in the abstract without losing important elements of the nature of the legal environment within which the agency operates. There is a large gap between the theories of formal administrative law and the experience of practice in particular administrative settings. Drawing upon the work of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, the thesis develops the concept of the legal administrative field as a means to approach this issue. The use of Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and capital help to articulate and give a theoretical structure to a process and series of practices that are otherwise hard to identify or study. Two Alberta farm marketing boards, and certain specific legal issues faced by each board, are examined in detail and analyzed in terms of the concept of the legal administrative field. It is shown that for each board, the realm of what was 'legally possible' shifted despite the fact that there were no changes in the formal administrative law and that legal practice in these fields involves far more than the application of the principles of formal administrative law. The intersection of the principles and habitus of formal administrative law, the structure provided by the legislative and regulatory framework, and the respective capital and habitus of all the individuals, agents and agencies within the field all interact and these complex interactions are what structure the legal administrative fields and shape the shifts which occur within them. In the struggles of interpretation which occur in these fields an attempt to make a clear demarcation between the practice of law by lawyers and the administration of the system by administrators is inadequate; it simplifies and renders invisible much of the complex series of interactions in which the legal practitioner is a participant and which create the field in which he or she practices. The conclusion is that the heuristic value of the legal administrative field in relation to the legal issues faced by the two marketing boards, and in relation to legal practice in the farm marketing area has been established and that this concept provides a useful perspective and a valuable supplement to a more traditional approach. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Agriculture plays a significant role also serves as a critical economic sector in Limpopo province in terms of its contribution to the economy, and the number of employment opportunities it produces within local communities. The majority of people involved in agricultural practices are emerging farmers and smallholder/small scale farmers. These farmers try to earn a living from the production of livestock, broilers, fruits & vegetables, and cereals. Cowpea is a drought-tolerant legume that also serves as a staple food for the majority of Africans alongside maize and other typical staple foods consumed by most Africans. The crop is regarded as a key protein source for urban and rural poor, and plays an important role as a cash crop. Despite several nutritional benefits, economic importance and welfare enhancing potential of cowpea, farmers still do not have sufficient information on knowledge about the value that can be added to their cowpea production also the potential and competitiveness of this traditional leafy vegetable. The aim of the study was to map the value chain and determine the marketing efficiency of smallholder cowpea farmers in Capricorn and Waterberg districts of Limpopo province. The specific objectives were to: identify and describe socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder cowpea farmers in Capricorn and Waterberg districts of Limpopo province, identify and define the participants along the cowpea value chain and identify marketing constraints among smallholder cowpea farmers. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 80 smallholder cowpea farmers in Ga-Molepo of Capricorn district and Bela-Bela of Waterberg district using purposive sampling technique. Value chain mapping, descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used in addressing the objectives. In identifying and defining the participants along the cowpea value chain, a value chain map was constructed to show the different stages cowpea goes through before reaching the final consumer. Two null hypotheses were formulated. The first hypothesis that stated smallholder cowpea farmers were inefficient in marketing cowpea was rejected. Marketing efficiency measure used to determine each farmer’s marketing efficiency revealed that 66% of smallholder cowpea farmers were efficient. The determinants of marketing efficiency were examined using binary logistic regression model. The second hypothesis stated that socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder cowpea farmers have no effect on the marketing efficiency. The v hypothesis was also rejected based on binary logistic results that revealed that age, household size, years in schooling, years in farming cowpea, income generated from selling cowpea, quantities of cowpea sold and occupation of the farmers were found to be significant in determining marketing efficiency of smallholder cowpea farmers. Pests, lack of access to formal markets and lack of information on how to process cowpea were major constraints farmers were faced with. It was recommended that value chain analysts, policy makers and extension workers together with other stakeholders assist in ensuring that food value chain relationships are established so that market opportunities can be created for smallholder cowpea farmers. In addition, farmer schools need to be introduced in rural areas were agricultural practices are dominant. At these schools, farmers can be taught about basic knowledge relating to agricultural production. Training should also be given to farmers on adopting technology as it can potentially assist in making production more efficient. / Water Research Commission (WRC)

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 T474 / Master of Science

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study of agricultural marketing in Itabaiana city analyzed the structure, form, function and process, from the identification and demonstration of the main horticultural imports and exports for this market. In this sense, the research aimed to reflect the dynamic socio-spatial and economic for the marketing of fresh produce in the city. This was justified in desire to contribute to the knowledge of trade and to check the flows and networks established in this space. Therefore, it assumed the direct and indirect observations of facts, through field work, with interviews of various social actors, including: farmers, traders, wholesalers, market traders and supermarkets, interviews and survey data federal, state and municipal and literature research. Information obtained testified that agricultural marketing is a complex activity among those involving the steps of the agriculture production, because it includes several segments that appropriate the production. This process is found in Brazil in the state of Sergipe and more specifically in Itabaiana city, the integration of various social actors in the production chain. In Itabaiana, the establishment of several chains of agricultural products was favored by natural conditions, the suitable farming practices, the historical events that made the city a crossing point between the coast and hinterland, the economic base in trade and agriculture; the "truck culture" that encouraged the import and export of these products. These chains and more specifically agricultural marketing in Itabaiana have been controlled by agents that promote the import and distribution of horticultural and thus feed the formal and informal markets, both local and regional scale. In this way, agricultural marketing has contributed to Itabaiana firm as the largest wholesale market in Sergipe, competing in terms of commercial appeal, with the major wholesaler markets in the Northeast. / O presente estudo de comercialização agrícola na cidade de Itabaiana analisou a estrutura, a forma, a função e o processo, a partir da identificação e demonstração dos principais hortifrutigranjeiros importados e exportados por esse mercado. Neste sentido, a pesquisa teve por objetivo refletir a dinâmica sócio-espacial e econômica decorrente da comercialização de hortifrutigranjeiros no município. Essa se justificou na pretensão de contribuir para o conhecimento das relações comerciais e para verificar os fluxos e as redes estabelecidas nesse espaço. Para tanto, partiu-se de observações diretas e indiretas dos fatos, através do trabalho de campo, com realização de entrevistas entre diversos atores sociais, entre os quais: agricultores, intermediário-atacadistas, feirantes e supermercados; de entrevistas e levantamento de dados com órgãos federais, estaduais e municipais; e de pesquisa bibliográfica. As informações obtidas atestaram que a comercialização agrícola é uma atividade complexa dentre aquelas que envolvem as etapas da cadeia produtiva da agricultura, pois abrange diversos segmentos que se apropriam da produção. Esse processo é verificado no Brasil, no Estado de Sergipe e mais especificamente no município de Itabaiana, pela integração de diversos atores sociais na cadeia produtiva. Em Itabaiana, a constituição de várias cadeias de produtos agrícolas foi favorecida pelas condições naturais, aptas as práticas da agricultura; pelos fatos históricos que fizeram do município um ponto de passagem entre o litoral e o sertão; pela base econômica no comércio e na agricultura; e pela cultura do caminhão que estimulou a importação e exportação desses produtos. Essas cadeias e mais especificamente a comercialização agrícola, em Itabaiana, têm sido controladas por intermediários que promovem a importação e a distribuição dos produtos hortifrutigranjeiros e, conseqüentemente, alimentam os mercados formal e informal, tanto em escala local quanto regional. Deste modo, a comercialização agrícola tem contribuído para que Itabaiana se firme como o maior mercado atacadista do Estado de Sergipe, competindo em termos de atração comercial, com os maiores mercados atacadistas do Nordeste.

Orientadores: Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli, Sergio Paulino Medeiros de Carvalho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T23:18:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fuck_MarcosPaulo_D.pdf: 1116203 bytes, checksum: 5e77ed950e7b05dc63d6c62eba2fec84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A tese trata dos arranjos institucionais e das formas de organização da pesquisa agrícola no Brasil e na Argentina. A análise é focada na forma de atuação da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), no caso brasileiro, e do Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuária (INTA), no caso argentino. Analisam-se as principais características da indústria sementeira e do mercado de sementes referentes às culturas de soja, milho e trigo, as três principais cultivadas nos dois países. No caso da soja, observou-se nos últimos anos um forte avanço na utilização de sementes geneticamente modificadas (GM). Porém, os dois países adotaram estratégias distintas em relação à introdução dessa nova tecnologia em seu território: a Argentina adotou uma política liberalizante, apostando nos transgênicos como forma de ampliação de sua competitividade agrícola; o Brasil adotou uma postura mais cautelosa, mas acabou por liberar o plantio da soja GM em função, entre outras coisas, da já expressiva utilização dessas sementes pelos produtores rurais (que adquiriram as sementes no mercado paralelo). Ações diferentes são observadas nos casos do milho e do trigo, pelas diferentes dinâmicas técnico-produtivas dos dois segmentos de mercado. Os mercados de sementes analisados na tese passam por grandes mudanças nos ambientes técnico-científico, institucional e legal, o que têm alterado os papéis desempenhados pelos setores público e privado no processo de pesquisa agrícola. Diferente do que ocorreu durante a Revolução Verde, o setor privado tem sido o protagonista principal dessa "nova fase" da pesquisa agrícola. Por outro lado, as Instituições Públicas de Pesquisa (IPPs) têm realizado esforços para acompanhar esses avanços e, em alguns casos, antecipar-se a eles. São discutidas na tese as principais questões que afetam as articulações público-privadas na pesquisa e na comercialização dessas culturas nos dois países, com destaque para as políticas de propriedade intelectual e de transferência de tecnologia adotadas pelas duas IPPs. Neste contexto, observa-se um processo de co-evolução das organizações considerando os contextos técnico-científico, legal, regulatório, econômico, dentre outros, em que estão inseridas - reforçando a idéia do aprendizado e que as instituições econômicas não apenas evoluem, mas co-evoluem. / Abstract: The thesis concerns the institutional arrangements and forms of organization of agricultural research in Brazil and Argentina. The analysis focuses on Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) in the Brazilian case and INTA (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) in the Argentinian case. It analyze the main characteristics of the plant breeding industry and seed markets for the three main grains grown in both countries, that is soybeans, wheat and corn. In the case of soybeans, it was observed in recent years a significant progress in the use of genetically modified seeds (GM). However, both countries have adopted different strategies in relation to the introduction of this new technology: the Argentina implemented a liberalization policy, investing in transgenics as a way of increasing its agricultural competitiveness; Brazil adopted a more cautious, but finally liberate the planting of soybean GM depending on, among other things, the already significant use of these seeds by farmers (who purchased the seeds on the parallel market). Different actions are observed in the cases of corn and wheat due to different technical-productive dynamics of both market segments. The seed markets analyzed in the thesis go through major changes in the technical-scientific, institutional and legal environments. This situation has changed the roles performed by public and private sectors in the process of agricultural research. Unlike what took place during the Green Revolution, the private sector has been the main protagonist of this "new phase" in agricultural research. On the other hand, the Public Agricultural Research Institutes (IPPs) have made efforts to keep up with such advancements and, in certain cases, anticipate them. Are discussed in the thesis the main issues that affect the public-private linkages in research and commercialization of these crops in both countries, with emphasis on the policies regarding intellectual property and technology transfer adopted by the IPPs. In this context, there is a process of co-evolution of organizations considering the technical, scientific, legal, regulatory, economic, among others, contexts in which they operate, reinforcing the idea of learning and that economic institutions do not just evolve but co-evolve. / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Luiz Henrique Antunes Rodrigues / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:41:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denobile_Tatiana_M.pdf: 883481 bytes, checksum: 91043c7848e2f4e5a1a4799a10f51346 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um Modelo de Gestão Estratégica com foco no cliente para a comercialização de produtos orgânicos por meio da venda direta. Este modelo foi desenvolvido por meio de um estudo de caso do Sítio Vila Yamaguishi de Jaguariúna ¿ SP e se baseou nas teorias da Inteligência Competitiva e da Gestão do Relacionamento com Cliente (CRM), contando também com o auxílio da tecnologia de Mineração de Dados para elaboração de um modelo de diferenciação dos perfis dos clientes, bem como para a descoberta dos hábitos de compra. No contexto da venda direta é muito importante que se conheça os hábitos e perfis dos clientes, pois cada um se configura como uma transação comercial, portanto, sua satisfação e o atendimento de suas necessidades pode representar a continuidade do negócio. Assim, por meio do modelo de diferenciação dos clientes foi possível detectar os clientes ativos e os não ativos, além de destacar os de maior valor para o negócio e, ainda, os que costumam comprar regularmente. Deste modo, foipossível também sugerir ações de comercialização de acordo com os perfis e hábitos descobertos. Por último, este trabalho visa ilustrar como dados internos de um negócio, quando bem trabalhados, são transformados em conhecimento que, juntamente com ações comerciais adequadas, podem se tornar uma ferramenta valiosa para aquisição de vantagens comerciais e competitivas / Abstract: The main objective of this research was to develop a Strategic Management Model with focus on customer to commercialize organic products by direct sales. It was based on Competitive Intelligence and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Data Mining technology was used in order to elaborate a model of customer differentiation as well as to identify consumption habits. This research was developed by a study of case. It is very important to know the habits and the profile of each customer in the context of direct sales, once each client means one transaction. Therefore, their satisfaction and the response for their needs can mean the continuity of the business. This model allowed distinguishing which clients had been buying or not, which ones were more valuable to the business and also which of them had a regular frequency. Considering this scenery, it was possible to suggest commercialization actions according to the different profiles and habits discovered by the using of Data Mining technology. This study aimed to illustrate how internal data of a business can be transformed in knowledge by a planned way, which can become a valuable instrument in order to gain competitive and commercial advantages / Mestrado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

從1980年代開始，台灣的食安事件頻傳，各種食安問題讓民眾更重視自己的飲食議題。而在食安問題中，背後牽涉到相當複雜的原因，而對消費者而言，在生產者與消費者間如何建立信任就是最直接的議題，通路即是關鍵的角色。 農產銷售的通路相當多樣，尤其以電子商務為未來的趨勢，因此本研究即以農產電商平台為個案。 採用訪談法與觀察法的方式，去整理電商平台的運作活動，再分析其是如何影響信任的構面，並建立與消費者之間的信任關係。 平台與消費者建立信任關係的過程，初期必須透過平台的易讀性與易用性，把握第一印象的好感度，並透過各種跨界的行銷與通路管道，來擴大與消費者互動的範圍；長期而言，透過產品與服務上的穩定性與一致性來維持品質，並在企業的內外，實現對消費者、生產者、供應商甚至是公司內部員工們的承諾，貫徹平台的價值，更是建立長遠信任關係的關鍵，讓消費者能產生黏著與回購。 / Started from 1980s, there are many problem of food safety, so that people pay more attention to their own food issues. There are very complex reasons, behinded food safty issue. For consumers, how to build trust between producers and consumers is the most important and immediate issue. Agricultural marketing channels are quite diverse, especially of e-commerce, which is the trend in the future. Using agricultural e-business platform as an example, this paper will use interview method, observational Method to analyze that how operational activities of platform affect aspects of trust, as well as how to build trust relationship between platform and customers. In the progress of building trust relationship with customers, platform should make a reliable first impression by readability and ease-of-use in initial stage, and increase the exposure rate and online to offline trading, in order to expand reaction range of customers. In long term, platform should maintain quality of products and service by stability and consistency, and make good on the promise of stakeholders. These are the key to establish long-term trust relationship, and effect adhesion and repurchase rates.

The study of emerging networks of agricultural marketing, in Sergipe, aims to analyze bases, structures, spatial configuration and contributions to agriculture challenges established by the expansion of the global economy which involves transformations of agriculture, driven by the dynamics of the internal and external markets. The analysis of emerging networks of agricultural marketing considers as fundamental elements the activities developed around the production and commercialization involving the countryside and the city, the family agriculture and market, the provision of technical-scientific-informational services, the network infrastructure that allows access to the markets of production and consumption, through actions that involve the presence of actors that constitute the system of networks installed amount and downstream of the primary production and processing of this production. To unveil the complexity that involves the various stages of marketing, was made wide bibliographical survey, being also conducted surveys of five-year census data, annual production and marketing, available in publications of national and international institutions and bodies, of representative institutions of classes. In addition, fieldwork was conducted, from visits to dozens of trade shows by sergipanas cities, to free capital markets and several commercial establishments of agricultural products and production processing. Interviews with professionals have been applied yet, managers, producers, intermediaries and consumers. This study focused on the sweet potatoes, milk, corn and poultry and eggs together in the last decade, are contributing to the dynamics of the contemporary economy and emerging marketing networks form. The expansion of these networks is enabling the access of small production developed by family farmers and agriculture the agricultural market shopping local, regional, national and global levels, seeking to monitor the dynamics of market agriculture operated by global integration of production and consumption. At the same time, the emerging agricultural marketing networks through its multiple forms, will be inserting in the competitive market through the agricultural access and adherence to formal and informal marketing dichotomous. Emerging networks are by crystallizing as occupying a prominent position in the economy and contribute significantly to changes in the landscape of Sergipe, forming new channels with streams of objects, things and linking capital markets, production and processing of internal and external consumption, increasing the visibility of the State as a producer, processor and exporter of consumer goods diversified. / El estudio de nuevas redes de comercialización agrícola, en Sergipe, pretende analizar las bases, estructuras, configuración espacial y contribuciones a los desafíos de la agricultura establecidas por la expansión de la economía mundial que implica transformaciones de la agricultura, impulsado por la dinámica de los mercados internos y externos. El análisis de nuevas redes de comercialización agrícola considera como elementos fundamentales de las actividades desarrolladas por la producción y comercialización que involucra el campo y la ciudad, la granja y mercado, la prestación de servicios técnicos-científicos-informativos, la infraestructura de red que permite el acceso a los mercados de producción y consumo, a través de acciones que implican la presencia de actores que constituyen el sistema de redes instalados aguas arriba y aguas abajo de la producción primaria y el procesamiento de esta producción. Para dar a conocer la complejidad que implica las distintas etapas de comercialización, se realizó encuesta amplia bibliográfica, siendo también realizó estudios de los datos del censo de cinco años, la producción anual y comercialización, disponible en publicaciones de instituciones nacionales e internacionales y organismos, de instituciones representativas de las clases. Además, el trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo, desde visitas a docenas de comercio muestra por las ciudades de sergipanas, para liberar a los mercados de capitales y varios establecimientos comerciales de productos agrícolas y el proceso de producción. Entrevistas con profesionales han sido aplicadas, directores, productores, intermediarios y consumidores. Este estudio se centró en la batatas, leche, maíz, aves de corral y huevos juntos en la última década, está contribuyendo a la dinámica de la economía contemporánea y emergente forma redes de la comercialización. La expansión de estas redes está permitiendo el acceso de la pequeña producción desarrollada por familias de agricultores y la agricultura el mercado agrícola de compras a nivel local, regional, nacional y mundial, tratando de controlar la dinámica de la agricultura de mercado operado por integración global de producción y consumo. Al mismo tiempo, el emergente agrícola marketing redes a través de sus múltiples formas, va ser insertando en el mercado competitivo con el acceso a productos agrícolas y la adherencia al marketing formal e informal dicotómico. Redes emergentes se están desarrollando como ocupando una posición prominente en la economía y contribuyan significativamente a los cambios en el paisaje de Sergipe, formando nuevos canales con las secuencias de objetos, cosas y enlace a los mercados de capitales, producción y procesamiento de consumo interno y externo, aumentar la visibilidad del estado como productor, procesador y exportador de bienes de consumo diversificado. / O estudo de redes emergentes de comercialização agrícola, em Sergipe, tem como objetivo analisar bases, estruturas, configuração espacial e as contribuições para a agricultura frente aos desafios estabelecidos pela expansão da economia globalizada que envolve transformações da agricultura, impulsionada pela dinâmica dos mercados internos e externos. A análise de redes emergentes de comercialização agrícola considera como elementos fundamentais as atividades desenvolvidas em torno da produção e comercialização que envolvem o campo e a cidade, a agricultura familiar e a de mercado, a prestação de serviços técnico-científicos-informacionais, a infraestrutura de redes que possibilita o acesso aos mercados de produção e de consumo, através de ações que envolvem a presença de atores que constituem o sistema de redes instaladas a montante e a jusante da produção primária e de transformação dessa produção. Para desvelar a complexidade que envolve as diversas etapas da comercialização, foi feita vasta prospecção bibliográfica, sendo, também, realizados levantamentos de dados censitários quinquenais, de produção anual e de comercialização, disponíveis em publicações de instituições e organismos nacional e internacional, de instituições representativas de classes. Além disso, foi realizado trabalho de campo, a partir de visitas a dezenas de feiras pelas cidades sergipanas, às feiras livres da capital e vários estabelecimentos comerciais de produtos agrícolas e de transformação da produção. Ainda foram aplicados questionários com profissionais, gestores, produtores, intermediários e consumidores. Este estudo focou a batata doce, o leite, o milho e a avicultura de corte e ovos que juntas, na última década, estão contribuindo para a dinâmica da economia contemporânea e formam redes emergentes da comercialização. A expansão dessas redes está possibilitando o acesso da pequena produção desenvolvida por agricultores familiares e da agricultura comercial ao mercado agrícola local, regional, nacional e global, procurando acompanhar a dinâmica da agricultura de mercado comandada pela integração global de produção e consumo. Ao mesmo tempo, as redes emergentes de comercialização agrícola, através de suas múltiplas formas, vão se inserindo no competitivo mercado agrícola mediante o acesso e aderência à dicotômica comercialização formal e informal. As redes emergentes estão se cristalizando à medida que ocupam posição de destaque na economia e contribuem significativamente para as mudanças na paisagem sergipana, formando novos canais com fluxos de objetos, coisas e capitais que ligam os mercados de produção, de transformação e de consumo interno e externo, ampliando a visibilidade do Estado como produtor, transformador e exportador de bens de consumo diversificado.

No description available.

The present empirical study examined factors that affect the acceptance and use of social media platforms by farmers and vendors in farmers’ communities in North Mississippi for marketing their small farm businesses. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), structural equations modeling was used to examine several relationships: (1) the influence of performance expectancy (PE) on behavioral intention (BI) to use social media; (2) the influence of effort expectancy (EE) on BI; (3) the influence of social influence (SI) on BI; (4) the influence of facilitating conditions (FC) on actual use (USE) of social media; (5) the moderating influence of gender on the PE–BI, EE–BI, and SI-BI relationships; (6) the moderating influence of age on the PE–BI, EE–BI, SI-BI, and FC–USE relationships; and (7) the moderating influence of experience using social media on the EE–BI, SI-BI, and FC–USE relationships. Results from 169 respondents who completed questionnaires indicated that PE, EE, SI, and FC (key constructs) did predict farmers and vendors’ BI to use social media and actual USE of social media for marketing their small farm businesses and agriproducts. Respondents’ characteristics (e.g., age, gender, social media experience) did moderate some of these relationships in different ways. Thus, the present study provided additional empirical support for UTAUT. Additionally, responses to questions that assessed constructs in UTAUT suggest that respondents are open to social media as a marketing tool for their small farm businesses. Other results indicated that farmers and vendors prefer to market their products through farmers markets and community supported agriculture groups as compared to retail outlets and noted barriers present in retail marketing channels. This study provides information that will be beneficial for the development of educational programs and contributes to the literature on the factors affecting farmers’ intention to use social media to promote agriproducts to connect new markets.