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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Entre insécurités alimentaires et impératifs culturels au Niger : le cas du département de Gouré en 2005 / Between food insecurity in Niger and cultural imperatives : the case of the 2005 crisis in the departement Goure

Malam Mamane Sani, Ibrahim 07 December 2015 (has links)
Dans un pays sahélien comme le Niger, l'espace social dédié à l'alimentaire est culturellement riche de savoirs. Pourtant, peu d'écrits font de ce constat un objet d'étude sociologiquement pertinent. La présente réflexion se donne pour tâche d'analyser la portée des déterminants culturels dans la survenance des famines. S'appuyant sur des matériaux de nature socio-anthropologiques, cette thèse met en exergue des problèmes de gouvernance pour expliquer le prégnance des crises de subsistance. Malgré le poids des facteurs culturels sous-tendant le modèle de consommation des Gouréens, il est intellectuellement risqué d'affirmer que les tabous alimentaires peuvent constituer des causes sérieuses de disettes dans cette partie du Niger confrontée à une succession de déficit de productions vivrières. Toutefois, notre contribution montre que ces interdits demeurent un élément amplificateur, surtout dans des milieux à forte croyance traditionnelle. La méthodologie utilisée tout au long de cette démarche se fonde sur des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives et prend appui sur divers outils de collecte comme les guides d'entretien semi-directifs, les focus groups et un questionnaire de type CAP (connaissance, attitudes, pratiques). / In a Sahelian country like Niger, the space dedicated to food is culturally rich for learnings. However, there are a few writings which make this as a valid sociologically subject of study. This reflection gives itself a taskto analyze the scope of cultural determinants in the occurence of famines. Based on socio-anthropological materials, this thesis highlights social governance to explain the salience of subsistence crises. Despite the weight of cultural factors underlying consumption model of the people in Goure, it is intellectually risky to assert that food taboos may constitute serious causes of food shortages in this part of Niger which faces a succession of food production deficit. However, our contribution shows that these taboos remain enhancing element, especially in high-traditional belief backgrounds. The methodology used in this approach is based on qualitative and quantitative methods using the following collection tools : semi-structured interview guides, focus groups and a questionnaire type KAP (knpwledge, attitudes, practices).
22

Agrární politika EU / EU Agricultural Policy

Pinkasová, Petra January 2009 (has links)
Diploma work characterizes Common agricultural policy in the European Union. The main part of the work devotes to the development of Common agricultural policy (CAP) since its beginning to the present, problems it battled, performed reforms and evaluation of accepted measures. There are also mentioned principles and instruments of CAP, financing, European Community bodies concerned with CAP and liberalization process of agriculture within the round of negotiations of WTO. The work further attends to development of agricultural policy in the United States and comparison of agricultural policies in the European Union and the United States.
23

Att hjälpa eller stjälpa en ko : Hur gårdsstödet i EU:s jordbrukspolitik påverkar växthusgasutsläppen från nötkött

Nordin, Ida January 2012 (has links)
En stor del av jordbrukets växthusgasutsläpp kommer från nötköttssektorn. Dess produktion påverkas i Sverige och EU av EU:s jordbrukspolitik. En större del av jordbrukssubventionerna var tidigare kopplade till produtionen vilket gav incitament att öka produktionen. 2003 infördes en reform med gårdsstöd som var frikopplat från produktionen. I uppsatsen studeras litteraturen kring hur nötköttsproduktionen påverkas av gårdsstödet, och utifrån detta görs egna beräkningar om förändringar i växthusgasutsläpp. Prognoser från ekonomiska modeller för jordbruksektorn används för att beräkna produktionen, för att uppskatta förändringar i utsläppen av växthusgaser. Då stöden har frikopplats har produktionen, och således utsläppen minskat något. Om gårdsstödet helt togs bort skulle det kunna ge stora utsläppsminskningar. Hur utsläppen totalt påverkas beror dock på världens konsumtion.
24

Terres et agriculture en milieu forestier : essais sur des politiques historique et contemporaine en République Démocratique du Congo : rumble in the jungle / Land and agriculture in the forest : essays on historical and contemporaneous policies in the Democratic Republic of Congo : rumble in the jungle

Vinez, Margaux 16 March 2018 (has links)
En Afrique sub-saharienne, l’insécurité foncière associée aux régimes de droits fonciers dits “coutumiers” ainsi que la sous-utilisation d’intrants modernes sont deux facteurs souvent évoqués comme limitant le potentiel agricole de l’Afrique. Sur cette base, les décideurs politiques ont pensé et mis en place des interventions visant à individualiser le droit de la terre et à promouvoir l’adoption d’intrants améliorés. Cette thèse utilise des données originales collectées en République Démocratique du Congo pour étudier deux exemples de politiques publiques s’inscrivant dans cette lignée et mises en oeuvre à 50 ans d’intervalle. Elle montre qu’elles ont eu des implications de court terme et de longterme allant bien au delà de celles qui sont généralement attendues. Les deux premiers chapitres s’intéressent à une politique mise en oeuvre durant la dernière décennie de la colonisation belge qui entraîna l’individualisation de terres communales et leur allocation à des familles individuelles. Ils utilisent une expérience naturelle pour étudier ses implications sur les structures sociales et les mécanismes coutumiers de résolution des conflits. Le troisième chapitre s’intéresse à une politique récente de subvention d’intrants agricoles. En utilisant une expérience aléatoire, il montre que l’intervention a conduit à une augmentation de l’utilisation de semences améliorées, et analyse ses conséquences sur les décisions d’allocation des ressources en terre et en travail par les ménages. / Contending that tenure insecurity under informal “customary” land institutions and theunder-utilization of modern inputs are two important factors holding back sub-SaharanAfrican agriculture, policy makers have designed policies to shift communal rights towardmore individualization and formalization, and to promote the adoption of improved inputs.This doctoral thesis uses an original database to explore two examples of such policiesthat took place 50 years apart in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It shows that theyhad short-term and long-term implications far beyond those commonly expected. The firsttwo Chapters focus on an intervention by the Belgian Colony that took place during thelast decade of colonization. It led to the division of communal land and its allocation toindividual families. Using a natural experiment, they study its consequences for socialstructures and customary conflict resolution mechanisms. The third Chapter focuses on arecent agricultural input subsidies intervention. It uses an experimental design to show that the subsidies successfully increased the use of improved seeds, and analyses its implications for households’ labor and land allocation.
25

"No nosso Conselho tem desenvolvimento": um estudo sobre o Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável de Petrolina / PE. / "In our Council has development": a study on the Municipal Council of Sustainable Rural Development of Petrolina / PE.

CUNHA, Andrews Rafael Bruno de Araújo. 24 September 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-24T15:30:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREWS RAFAEL BRUNO DE ARAÚJO CUNHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2013..pdf: 8396455 bytes, checksum: b4db179a99a189853b1525a62a854217 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T15:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREWS RAFAEL BRUNO DE ARAÚJO CUNHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2013..pdf: 8396455 bytes, checksum: b4db179a99a189853b1525a62a854217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-19 / Durante décadas, no Brasil, foram buscadas estratégias de promoção da participação social nas decisões sociais, políticas e económicas do país. Após anos de um regime autoritário, diversas manifestações da sociedade civil organizada levaram à criação de espaços de debate integrado, onde Estado e sociedade pudessem discutir, conjuntamente, estratégias de desenvolvimento em busca do melhoramento da qualidade de vida da população. Após a Constituição de 1988, estes espaços, chamados de Conselhos, foram criados e difundidos nas mais diversas áreas, tais como saúde, assistência social, educação etc. Para o debate integrado relacionado às condições de vida e produção da população rural do país, foram criados os Conselhos Federal, Estaduais e Municipais de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável, os quais foram amplamente difundidos após o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar - PRONAF. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável de Petrolina, Pernambuco, a partir de suas ações para o desenvolvimento local e integrado da população rural do município. Para tanto, nos utilizamos dos debates de Sen, Putnam, Abramovay, Franco e Beduschi Filho sobre desenvolvimento como liberdade, capital social, desenvolvimento local integrado e aprendizagem social, respectivamente, para fundamentar a visão de desenvolvimento aqui assumida. A partir, então, da inversão da lógica capital-economicista atualmente vigente, a qual coloca em foco o desenvolvimento econômico em detrimento do desenvolvimento social, cultural e político, consideramos, a partir dos dados obtidos e observações realizadas, que o CMDRS de Petrolina tem sido uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento da área rural do município, promovendo a participação, o controle e a aprendizagem social e a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população desta área / For decades, strategies to promote social participation in social, economic and policy decisions were pursued in Brazil. After years of an authoritarian regime, various manifestations of civil society led to the creation of spaces for integrated debate, where state and society could discuss, jointly, developing strategies in pursuit of improving the population's quality of life. After the 1988 Constitution, these spaces, called Councils, were created and disseminated in several áreas, such as health, social care, education etc. For the integrated discussion related to the living conditions and production of the rural population in the country, Federal, State and Municipal Councils of Sustainable Rural Development were created and widely disseminated after the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture - PRONAF. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to analyze the City Council for Sustainable Rural Development in Petrolina, Pernambuco, through their actions for local and integrated development of rural population of the city. To do so, we used the debates of Sen, Putnam, Abramovay, Franco and Beduschi Filho on development as freedom, social capital, integrated local development and social learning, respectively, to support the development view assumed here. From the inversion of the capital-economicist logic currently in effect, which shifts the focus to economic development at the expense of social, cultural and politicai developments, consider, from the data obtained and observations conducted, the CMDRS Petrolina has been an important tool for the development of the city's rural area, promoting participation, control and social learning and improving the population's quality of life of this area.
26

Changements d'usage des sols, marchés agricoles et environnement / Land use change, agricultural markets and the environment

Valin, Hugo 17 March 2014 (has links)
La contribution des changements d’usage des sols aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre d’origine anthropique est estimée à 17% pour la décennie 2000, en grande partie liée à la déforestation. L’un des facteurs principaux de ces changements est l’expansion des terres agricoles pour les besoins locaux de développement, mais également sous l’effet des exportations stimulées par la mondialisation. Pour cette raison, des préoccupations nouvelles surgissent quant aux effets des politiques sur l’usage des sols par le biais des marchés internationaux. Ce travail présente trois illustrations concrètes où ces effets peuvent être d’ampleur conséquente : i) l’intensification de l’agriculture dans les pays en voie de développement, ii) les accords commerciaux, et iii) les politiques d’agrocarburants. Les résultats montrent que pour chacune de ces politiques, les réponses des marchés sont susceptibles de jouer un rôle déterminant dans le bilan des gaz à effet de serre. L’atténuation du changement climatique par l’intensification des cultures conduit à des réductions d’émissions, mais l’effet rebond de la demande pourrait annuler une part substantielle des bénéfices attendus sur les surfaces de terres cultivées. L’exemple d’un possible accord entre l’Union européenne et le Mercosur montre les effets négatifs que peut induire la libéralisation de certains produits agricoles, si des mesures d’accompagnement adéquates ne sont pas mises en place. Enfin, l’effet des changements indirects d’affectation des sols est susceptible d’effacer une part substantielle des réductions d’émissions alléguées aux agrocarburants. Les réponses de l’affectation des sols aux différentes politiques dépendent néanmoins de nombreux paramètres comportementaux, et il est difficile d’en fournir une estimation chiffrée précise. Plusieurs approches de modélisation sont utilisées ici pour quantifier ces effets et explorer les intervalles de confiance découlant des estimations actuelles de la littérature économétrique. La prise en compte de cette externalité dans l’évaluation des politiques publiques nécessite des approches nouvelles intégrant mieux les différents niveaux d’incertitude sur ces effets. / Land use change is estimated to have generated 17% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the 2000s, a large part coming from deforestation. The main driver of these emissions is expansion of agricultural activities, for the need of local development in tropical regions. However, they have also been caused by the dynamics of globalisation which has stimulated agricultural trade flows. Thus, today, there are new concerns with respect to how agricultural policies are influencing land use changes in other parts of the world through international market responses. In this work I consider three concrete illustrations of where these effects can be of significant magnitude: i) agriculture intensification in developing countries, ii) trade agreements, and iii) biofuel policies. I find that for each of these policies, market responses are likely to play a significant role in the final greenhouse gas emission balance. Mitigation of emissions through agricultural intensification could have quite beneficial outcomes, but the rebound effect on the demand side would offset a large part of greenhouse gas emission savings attributable to the land sparing effect. With the example of a possible EU-MERCOSUR trade agreement, I also show the adverse effect of liberalising certain specific agricultural products closely connected to land use change dynamics without adequate accompanying measures. Last, the indirect land use change effect of biofuels is likely to offset a large part of their alleged GHG emission savings. Land use change responses depend on many behavioural parameters, however, and providing precise estimates constitutes a challenge. I use different modelling approaches to quantify their magnitude and extensively explore the level of confidence on the basis of current state of econometric findings.New approaches should be elaborated to take account of this externality in public policy assessments, together with an appropriate consideration of the uncertainty ranges associated with these effects.

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