O treinamento em cadáveres nas disciplinas de Técnica Cirúrgica e Ortopedia vem sendo utilizado na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, como método alternativo ao uso de animais vivos em aulas. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a possibilidade de treinamento cirúrgico em cadáveres quimicamente preservados com Solução de Larssen modificada e criopreservados. A preservação torna-se necessária para que os cadáveres mantenham características como cor, consistência e textura dos tecidos e flexibilidade das articulações o mais semelhante possível às encontradas no animal vivo e para que possam ser utilizados várias vezes diminuindo assim o número de animais necessários para as aulas. As características dos cadáveres foram observadas durante as aulas práticas e o método de ensino foi avaliado através de um questionário respondido pelos alunos. Foi possível concluir através da análise dos questionários que o método de ensino utilizado foi bem aceito pelos alunos e que o uso de cadáveres quimicamente preservados com Solução de Larssen modificada permite treinamento intenso e adequado das técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas durante as disciplinas. A técnica de conservação com a Solução de Larssen modificada em conjunto com a criopreservação mantiveram as características organolépticas dos cadáveres semelhantes às encontradas nos animais vivos. / Training with cadavers in surgical techniques and orthopedics is being done at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the University of São Paulo, as an alternative to the use of live animals in classes. In this work we evaluate the possibility of surgical training with cadavers chemically preserved with modified Solution of Larssen and cryopreservation techniques. Preservation is necessary so that the cadavers maintain characteristics as close as possible to those found in the live animal, such as color, tissue consistency and texture, and joint flexibility, and so that they can be used several times, thereby reducing the number of animals necessary for classes. The characteristics of the cadavers were observed during practice classes, and the teaching method was evaluated through a questionnaire completed by the students. From the responses to this questionnaire it was possible to conclude that the teaching method described here is being well accepted by the students and that the use of cadavers chemically preserved with modified Solution of Larssen allows intense and adequate training in the surgical techniques performed during the course. The method of preservation with modified Solution of Larssen and cryopreservation techniques kept the organoleptic characteristics of the cadavers similar to those found in live animal.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-08T14:41:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Yslane Carla Melo de Franca.pdf: 2450473 bytes, checksum: f2b94fc43acc27cf2107a1ef6f900c3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T14:41:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yslane Carla Melo de Franca.pdf: 2450473 bytes, checksum: f2b94fc43acc27cf2107a1ef6f900c3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17 / With the development of new technologies and the growing ecological concerns, questions of an ethical nature have an increasingly important role in scientific research. Based on that, the present study proposed to investigate the perceptions that students of four courses (Bachelor in Biological Sciences, Fisheries Engineering, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny) of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco have about welfare and animal ethics. Using a questionnaire developed and adapted from other studies, a sample of 293 college students from Recife, Garanhuns and Serra Talhada campus, were invited to participate in the study, where only students of the first and last period of each course were selected. It was observed that although most students find important lessons with animals, that they have little knowledge of alternative methods and on various approaches of the themes. It was concluded to be necessary the introduction of concepts on ethics and welfare of animals in these courses, thus providing the necessary knowledge for the use of animals in teaching and research, enabling also the increase in existence of alternative methods. / Com o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e a crescente preocupação ecológica, questões de cunho ético têm um papel cada vez mais importante na pesquisa científica. Com base nisso o presente trabalho propôs avaliar as percepções que os estudantes de quatro cursos da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas, Engenharia de Pesca, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia) possuem a respeito do bem estar e da ética animal. Utilizando um questionário desenvolvido e adaptado de outros estudos similares, uma amostra de 293 universitários locados nos campus Recife, Garanhuns e Serra Talhada, foram convidados a participar da pesquisa, sendo selecionados apenas os alunos do primeiro e último período de cada curso. Observou-se que apesar da maioria dos alunos acharem importantes as aulas com animais, os mesmos possuem pouco conhecimento sobre métodos alternativos e sobre vários enfoques dos temas. Conclui-se ser necessária a introdução de conceitos sobre ética e bem estar de animaisnesses cursos, fornecendo assim, o conhecimento necessário para o uso de animais no ensino e na pesquisa, possibilitando, também, o incremento da existência de outros métodos alternativos.

O treinamento em cadáveres nas disciplinas de Técnica Cirúrgica e Ortopedia vem sendo utilizado na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, como método alternativo ao uso de animais vivos em aulas. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a possibilidade de treinamento cirúrgico em cadáveres quimicamente preservados com Solução de Larssen modificada e criopreservados. A preservação torna-se necessária para que os cadáveres mantenham características como cor, consistência e textura dos tecidos e flexibilidade das articulações o mais semelhante possível às encontradas no animal vivo e para que possam ser utilizados várias vezes diminuindo assim o número de animais necessários para as aulas. As características dos cadáveres foram observadas durante as aulas práticas e o método de ensino foi avaliado através de um questionário respondido pelos alunos. Foi possível concluir através da análise dos questionários que o método de ensino utilizado foi bem aceito pelos alunos e que o uso de cadáveres quimicamente preservados com Solução de Larssen modificada permite treinamento intenso e adequado das técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas durante as disciplinas. A técnica de conservação com a Solução de Larssen modificada em conjunto com a criopreservação mantiveram as características organolépticas dos cadáveres semelhantes às encontradas nos animais vivos. / Training with cadavers in surgical techniques and orthopedics is being done at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the University of São Paulo, as an alternative to the use of live animals in classes. In this work we evaluate the possibility of surgical training with cadavers chemically preserved with modified Solution of Larssen and cryopreservation techniques. Preservation is necessary so that the cadavers maintain characteristics as close as possible to those found in the live animal, such as color, tissue consistency and texture, and joint flexibility, and so that they can be used several times, thereby reducing the number of animals necessary for classes. The characteristics of the cadavers were observed during practice classes, and the teaching method was evaluated through a questionnaire completed by the students. From the responses to this questionnaire it was possible to conclude that the teaching method described here is being well accepted by the students and that the use of cadavers chemically preserved with modified Solution of Larssen allows intense and adequate training in the surgical techniques performed during the course. The method of preservation with modified Solution of Larssen and cryopreservation techniques kept the organoleptic characteristics of the cadavers similar to those found in live animal.

This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of different alternative methods of teaching foreign languages and the possibilities and limitations of their usage in traditional school teaching. The theoretical part is focused on the definition of the terms alternative method and superlearning method and then it concentrates on an analysis of two methods which belong to the group of superlearning methods. Because there are many such methods, and they are very similar to each other, I decided to choose methods which are the biggest examples in the sub-category of superlearning. Those are Suggestopedia, as a method which was the first to be called as superlearning and many of other methods are its modification and Drama methods which, the past years or decades have been gaining more popularity. The practical part is focused on the usage of the analyzed methods or their parts during the traditional teaching of foreign languages. I am designing alternative possibilities of presentation, revision and evaluation of learning material.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-08-16T15:26:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael do Nascimento Ducas - 2015.pdf: 1199090 bytes, checksum: 197e2d02385d6512ad213fe017f881ae (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Olhe a data na citação: DUCAS, R. N. Análise de métodos alternativos ao uso de animais para a classificação da irritação ocular induzida por corantes têxteis. 2015. 52 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018. on 2018-08-17T11:28:42Z (GMT) / Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-08-20T11:47:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Rafael do Nascimento Ducas - 2015.pdf: 1199090 bytes, checksum: 197e2d02385d6512ad213fe017f881ae (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Olhe a data da defesa na citação on 2018-08-21T11:19:58Z (GMT) / Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-08-21T11:36:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Rafael do Nascimento Ducas - 2015.pdf: 1199090 bytes, checksum: 197e2d02385d6512ad213fe017f881ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-22T12:39:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Rafael do Nascimento Ducas - 2015.pdf: 1199090 bytes, checksum: 197e2d02385d6512ad213fe017f881ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Rafael do Nascimento Ducas - 2015.pdf: 1199090 bytes, checksum: 197e2d02385d6512ad213fe017f881ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The evaluation of the toxicity of chemicals still involves the use of animals. However, due to animal welfare and ethical values, research laboratories and regulatory agencies are working together to develop scientifically valid alternative methods. Currently, the Bovine Cornea Opacity and Permeability Test (BCOP) can be used as an alternative methodology to the Draize Test in the determination of ocular irritation and corrosion. In addition, recent data from the literature show that the association between alternative methods represents a useful tool in the evaluation of these parameters. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the BCOP test and the Short-Term Exposure Test (STE) in determining the ocular irritation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) and Reactive Green 19 (RG19) based on the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification (UN GHS) and in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS), as Category 2A (eye irritant), using the in vivo test from Draize. The STE test (OECD 491) was used to evaluate cytotoxicity in SIRC cells and the BCOP (OECD 437) assay for opacity, permeability and bovine cornea histopathology. According to the STE test, the RO16 dye obtained cell viability of 47% at 5% concentration and 51% of cell viability at the concentration of 0.05%. The corange RG19 presented cell viability of 41.5% in the concentration of 5% and 44% of cell viability in the concentration of 0.05%. Thus, the dyes were classified as Category 1 of the GHS. The BCOP assay, however, classified only RG19 dye as GHS Category 1 with IVIS: 112,760. The RO16 dye resulted in an IVIS: 12.027, not being classified by this method. To complement this assay, histopathological analyzes were performed, which allowed the observation of significant loss of epithelial cells, intense cytoplasmic vacuolization and damage to the epithelial structure of the corneas exposed to RG19 dye. Although not classified by the BCOP, the corneas exposed to RO16 showed surface coating losses and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Therefore, the STE test alone was not sufficient to define the categorization of the ocular irritation potential of the dyes in relation to the GHS system, but its association with the BCOP test added by the histomorphometric analysis may be an alternative for the prediction of this effect, investigation of other dyes to confirm this fact. / A avaliação da toxicidade de produtos químicos ainda envolve o uso de animais. No entanto, devido ao bem-estar animal e valores éticos, os laboratórios de pesquisas e as agências regulatórias estão trabalhando juntos no desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos cientificamente válidos. Atualmente, o Ensaio de Opacidade e Permeabilidade da Córnea Bovina (BCOP) pode ser utilizado como metodologia alternativa ao Teste de Draize na determinação da irritação e corrosão ocular. Além disso, dados recentes da literatura demonstram que a associação entre métodos alternativos representa uma ferramenta útil na avaliação destes parâmetros. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da associação do ensaio BCOP com o Teste de Exposição de Curta Duração (STE) na determinação da irritação ocular dos corantes têxteis Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) e Reactive Green 19 (RG19), classificados com base no Sistema Globalmente Harmonizado de Classificação das Nações Unidas (UN GHS) e de acordo com a Occupational Safety & Health Administration - Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS), como Categoria 2A (irritante para olhos), utilizando o teste in vivo de Draize. Para tanto, foram utilizados o teste STE (OECD 491) para avaliação da citotoxicidade em células SIRC e o ensaio BCOP (OECD 437) para análise da opacidade, permeabilidade e histopatologia da córnea bovina. De acordo com o teste STE, o corante RO16 obteve viabilidade celular de 47% na concentração de 5% e de 51% de viabilidade celular na concentração de 0,05%. Já o corange RG19 apresentou viabilidade celular de 41,5% na concentração de 5% e 44% de viabilidade celular na concentração de 0,05%. Assim, os corantes foram classificados como Categoria 1 do GHS. Já o ensaio BCOP classificou apenas o corante RG19 como Categoria 1 do GHS com IVIS:112,760. O corante RO16, resultou em um IVIS:12,027, não sendo classificado por este método. Para complementar esse ensaio, foram realizadas análises histopatológicas, o que permitiu observar a perda significativa de células epiteliais, a vacuolização citoplasmática intensa e danos à estrutura epitelial das córneas expostas ao corante RG19. Apesar de não ser classificado pelo BCOP, as córneas expostas ao RO16 apresentaram perdas do revestimento superficial e vacuolização citoplasmática. Portanto, o teste STE sozinho não foi suficiente para definir a categorização do potencial de irritação ocular dos corantes frente ao sistema GHS, mas a sua associação com o ensaio BCOP adicionado da análise histomorfométrica pode ser uma alternativa para a predição desse efeito, sendo necessária a investigação de outros corantes para a confirmação desse fato.

Bakgrund: I Norden sker i stort sett alla förlossningar på sjukhus assisterade av barnmorskor. Internationellt varierar antalet hemförlossningar. Bad har historiskt sett använts för avslappning och smärtlindring i samband med en förlossning. Det finns en ökad efterfrågan hos kvinnor i Sverige som önskar sig en alternativ förlossningsmetod och det är en fråga som väcker debatt, både i Sverige och i andra länder. Syfte: Att sammanställa studier om nordiska kvinnors orsaker till och upplevelser av en alternativ förlossningsmetod. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie som har utformats av kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Totalt ingår 19 vetenskapliga artiklar. Data har kvalitetsgranskats, analyserats och sammanställts. Resultat: Fem huvudkategorier och åtta underkategorier framkom i resultatet. Resultatet visar på att det finns en rad olika orsaker till att nordiska kvinnor väljer en alternativ förlossningsmetod. Att föda med en alternativ förlossningsmetod beskrivs som en positiv upplevelse där kvinnan själv har kontroll över förlossningsprocessen samt en möjlighet att välja förlossningsplats. Detta ingav en trygghet samt en känsla av makt och självbestämmande. Det beskrivs som en trygg miljö utan yttre störningar där kvinnorna kan fokusera och följa den naturliga förlossningsprocessen. Kvinnorna möter även en del negativa attityder kring deras val av en alternativ förlossningsmetod. Slutsats: Kvinnors orsaker till att välja en alternativ förlossningsmetod baseras på en önskan om en naturlig förlossning, bristande tro till medicinska interventioner och känslan av att få vara i kontroll. Fördelar kan ses vid dessa typer av förlossningsmetoder, framförallt rörande upplevelsen för kvinnan. Kvinnor som önskar sig en alternativ förlossningsmetod upplever att de möts av negativa attityder och ifrågasättande. Kvinnor upplever även känslor som oro och rädsla i samband med en alternativ förlossningsmetod, då i kontexten att eventuella komplikationer kan uppstå. / Background: In the Nordic countries most women give birth in hospitals, while being assisted by midwives. Internationally, the number of home deliveries varies. Bathing has historically been used for relaxation and pain relief during childbirth. There is an increased demand from women in Sweden for waterbirth, and this causes debate, both in Sweden and in other countries. Aim: To compile research concerning Nordic women ́s reasons for, as well as experiences of an alternative birth method. Method: A descriptive literature study designed by qualitative, as well as quantitative research, a total of 19 articles. Data has been interpreted, analyzed and compiled. Results: Five main categories and eight sub-categories appeared in the results. The results show that there are a variety of reasons why Nordic women choose an alternative method of delivery. Giving birth through an alternative delivery method is described as a positive experience, giving the woman a sense of control during the delivery process. Being able to choose the place of birth itself provided a sense of security as well as a sense of power and autonomy. It is described as a safe environment without external disturbances, where the women can focus and follow the natural process of childbirth. They also encounter some negative attitudes about their choices of an alternative method of delivery. Conclusion: Women's reasons for choosing an alternative birth method is based on the desire for a natural birth, a lack of faith in medical interventions, or a feeling of maintaining control. Advantages can be seen in these types of birthing methods, especially in regard to the experience for the woman. Women who wish for an alternative birth method feel that they are meeting negative attitudes and questioning. Women also experience feelings of concern and fear regarding alternative birth methods, then in the context of eventual complications that could occur.

L’allergie de contact est une pathologie de la peau particulièrement répandue dans les pays industrialisés. Aucune thérapie ne permet actuellement de la soigner et seule l’éviction de l’allergène permet de la prévenir. Historiquement, l’évaluation du potentiel sensibilisant des molécules mises sur le marché a toujours été réalisée au moyen de tests sur l’animal. Cependant, le champ d’action de ces tests est aujourd’hui limité en raison de la nouvelle législation européenne sur les cosmétiques. Dans ce contexte, le développement de méthodes alternatives ne reposant pas sur l’utilisation d’animaux devient capital. L’allergie de contact repose sur une étape chimique clé : la formation d’un complexe antigénique allergène-protéine capable d’activer le système immunitaire cutané. Le but de ce travail de thèse a été d’étudier le comportement in situ d’allergènes au sein d’épidermes reconstruits de type SkinEthic®. A l’aide d’une technique d’analyse non invasive, la spectroscopie RMN HRMAS, il a été possible de suivre le devenir de différents allergènes, de leur éventuelle activation par voie métabolique, jusqu’à leur fixation sur les protéines épidermiques. / Contact dermatitis is a skin pathology particularly prevalent in industrialized countries. No therapy currently exists and only complete avoidance of the particular allergen can prevent an allergic reaction. Historically, the assessment of skin sensitisation potential of molecules placed on the market was always carried out by animal testing. However, the scope of this testing method is now limited by the new European cosmetics legislation. In this way, the development of alternative methods, not based on animal experimentation, become an important issue. Contact dermatitis results of a chemical key step: the formation of an antigenic complex allergen-protein complexe able to activate the cutaneous immune system. The aim of this PhD work was to study the in situ behaviour of allergens in reconstructed human epidermis (SkinEthic® model). By using an appropriate non-invasive analysis technique, HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy, it has been possible to study the mode of action of different allergens, from their possible activation through the metabolic pathway to the binding with epidermal proteins.

[pt] O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as potencialidades da justiça restaurativa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Partindo do pressuposto de que o sistema criminal está em crise de legitimidade, pelo foco na manutenção do viés punitivo-repressivo e pelo discurso deste paradigma. Neste sentido, indaga-se se a proposta restaurativa pode representar um caminho mais humanizador e apto à resolução de conflitos na seara criminal. Para tanto, buscou-se inicialmente, entender a crise do sistema penal, para posteriormente, desvendar as origens do paradigma restaurativo, como movimento internacional, comparando-o na oportunidade, com o paradigma retributivo. Buscou-se analisar ainda o surgimento da justiça restaurativa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, estabelecendo-se um panorama geral de aplicação, a fim de que fossem evidenciadas as condições de seu desenvolvimento. Por fim, demonstrou-se através de pesquisas viabilizadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, as particularidades dos projetos pioneiros de Justiça Restaurativa, bem como, verificou-se o estado da arte do movimento restaurativo no sistema judicial, com suas potencialidades e desafios na construção da brasilidade restaurativa, que demonstra um déficit democrático atrelado a uma cultura jurídica brasileira de expansionismo da rede de controle penal. / [en] The present work aims to analyze the potential of restorative justice in the Brazilian legal system. Assuming that the criminal system is in crisis of legitimacy, due to the focus on maintaining the punitive-repressive bias and the discourse of this paradigm. In this sense, it is questioned whether the restorative proposal can represent a more humanizing and apt path to conflict resolution in the criminal field. Therefore, we initially sought to understand the crisis of the penal system, and later, to unveil the origins of the restorative paradigm, as an international movement, comparing it at the opportunity, with the retributive paradigm. It was also sought to analyze the emergence of restorative justice in the Brazilian legal system, establishing an overview of its application, so that the conditions of its development were evidenced. Finally, it was demonstrated through research made possible by the National Council of Justice, the particularities of the pioneering projects of Restorative Justice, as well as, the state of the art of the restorative movement in the judicial system, with its potentialities and challenges in the construction of the restorative Brazilianity, which demonstrates a democratic deficit linked to a Brazilian legal culture of expansionism of the penal control network.