O objetivo deste estudo é apontar o eletrodoméstico da linha branca que provavelmente pode sofrer reprocesso mais facilmente quando atinge seu efetivo fim do ciclo de vida útil, por ser julgado prioritário entre as variáveis de um canal de distribuição reverso. Para tanto, utilizou-se os conceitos da logística reversa juntamente com a aplicação do Método de Análise Hierárquica, modelo multicritério que deriva uma escala de prioridades a partir do julgamento subjetivo de especialistas. O estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de evitar que uma disposição final inadequada ocorra, devendo os bens de pós-consumo duráveis, categoria à qual os eletrodomésticos da linha branca pertencem, serem reintroduzidos na cadeia produtiva, para que os mesmos não resultem em resíduos sólidos descartados no meio ambiente e os recursos naturais sejam poupados. O método consiste na formulação e aplicação do Método de Análise Hierárquica a vinte especialistas de diferentes áreas. No processo de aplicação considerou-se a consistência dos julgamentos, para que o resultado final obtido se aproximasse ao máximo de uma situação real. Após tratamento dos dados, verificou-se que o refrigerador foi considerado o eletrodoméstico da linha branca prioritário para retornar aos locais de reprocesso através do canal de distribuição reverso, atingindo 70% da preferência nos vinte julgamentos, ou seja, o refrigerador foi a alternativa de decisão julgada prioritária por 14 especialistas. O resultado da análise conjunta apontou que o refrigerador obteve importância de 37,07%, seguido por microondas com importância de 23,73%, lavadora de roupas com importância de 21,37% e fogão com importância de 17,83%. / The aim of this study is to point the white line appliance that can easier undergo reprocessing when it reaches the end of its effective life cycle, by the priority among the variables of a reverse distribution channel. We used the concepts of reverse logistics with the Analytic Hierarchy Process, multicriteria model that derives a range of priorities from the subjective judgments of specialists. The study is justified by the avoidance of the improper final disposal of these kind of products, and the assets of post-consumer durable category that white goods belong to be reintroduced in the production chain, so that they do not result in solid waste discard in the environment and the natural resources are spared. The method consists by the formulation and application of Analytic Hierarchy Process to twenty specialists from different areas. During the implementation process the consistency of judgments were considered so that the final result would be closer to a real situation. After processing, it was found that the refrigerator was the priority appliance to return to reprocessing sites through reverse distribution channel, reaching 70% preference in the twenty trials, i.e., the refrigerator was the alternative priority decision judged by fourteen experts. The result of the combined analysis showed that the refrigerator achieved importance of 37.07%, followed by microwave importance of 23.73%, washing machines with the importance of 21.37% and the stove with importance of 17.83%.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2019-02-06T13:22:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiano_Heinrich_2018.pdf: 2433405 bytes, checksum: edbe4e8f8c5665218ffdb55af2af8ee7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-06T13:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiano_Heinrich_2018.pdf: 2433405 bytes, checksum: edbe4e8f8c5665218ffdb55af2af8ee7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Brazilian agribusiness is a sector of the economy that has historically demonstrated strength and growth, with emphasis on the agricultural sector that has been presenting production volumes and increasing productivity rates. Despite this, the exceptional competitiveness of Brazilian primary production is gradually diluted as its products leave the rural property to the subsequent links of the productive chains. The logistical obstacles faced by the national agribusiness to transport its wealth are notable, with problems such as the imbalance of the freight transport matrix, depleted transport infrastructure, insufficient static storage capacity and "bottlenecks" in the best known ports. However, little is known about another fundamental component for the logistic efficiency of agribusiness: rural roads. From the moment that the agricultural and livestock production leaves the rural property, the rural road network is the first element with potential of impact to the competitiveness of agribusiness, and few researches were undertaken with this theme. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate and describe the criteria that make a rural road suitable for the transport of inputs and agricultural production. The research was geographically delimited to the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon, located in the western mesoregion of the state of Paraná, because this municipality presents its economic base based on agribusiness. The methodology used was the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), since it is able to measure mathematically subjective and objective attributes in a joint way, through comparisons made by individuals with knowledge of the subject matter. The methodological procedures were bibliographic research and non-systematized field survey for initial exploratory analysis, in addition to a survey to deepen the research. A total of 97 interviews were carried out with the application of a form with drivers who transport loads in the rural road network of the municipality. From the initial exploratory survey, 20 criteria potentially relevant to the adequacy of a rural road were related, and the results of the survey indicated a set of 7 priority criteria: integrity and conservation status under satisfactory conditions; track with surface coating that provides better conditions of support and trafficability, mainly asphalt paving; runway with low slope of cross section; full track without deformation; runway without loose / disaggregated materials; platform with adequate surface drainage and low intensity (volume) of traffic. It is concluded, therefore, that these are the attributes of rural roads of greater essentiality for the accomplishment of agribusiness cargo transport activities. / O agronegócio brasileiro é um setor da economia que historicamente tem demonstrado pujança e crescimento, com destaque para a agropecuária que vem apresentando volumes de produção e taxas de produtividade cada vez mais expressivos. Apesar disso, a excepcional competitividade da produção primária brasileira dilui-se gradualmente conforme seus produtos saem da propriedade rural com destino aos elos subsequentes das cadeias produtivas. São notáveis os obstáculos logísticos enfrentados pelo agronegócio nacional para transportar suas riquezas, sendo os problemas como o desbalanceamento da matriz de transporte de cargas, infraestrutura de transportes defasada, capacidade estática de armazenagem insuficiente e “gargalos” nos portos, os mais conhecidos. No entanto, pouco sabe-se a respeito de outro componente fundamental para a eficiência logística do agronegócio: as estradas rurais. A partir do momento que a produção agrícola e pecuária sai da propriedade rural, a malha viária rural constitui-se no primeiro elemento com potencial de impacto à competitividade do agronegócio, e poucas pesquisas foram empreendidas com essa temática. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar e descrever os critérios que tornam uma estrada rural adequada ao transporte de insumos e da produção agropecuária. A pesquisa foi geograficamente delimitada ao município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, localizado na mesorregião oeste do estado do Paraná, em razão deste município apresentar sua base econômica pautada no agronegócio. A metodologia utilizada foi o Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pois a mesma consegue mensurar matematicamente atributos subjetivos e objetivos de maneira conjunta, por meio de comparações paritárias julgadas por indivíduos com conhecimento da temática investigada. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram pesquisa bibliográfica e levantamento de campo não sistematizado para análise exploratória inicial, além de survey para o aprofundamento da investigação. Foram realizadas 97 entrevistas com aplicação de formulário junto a motoristas que transportam cargas na malha viária rural do município. A partir do levantamento exploratório inicial, foram relacionados 20 critérios potencialmente relevantes à adequação de uma estrada rural, sendo que os resultados do survey apontaram um conjunto de 7 critérios prioritários: integridade e estado de conservação em condições satisfatórias; pista de rolamento com revestimento superficial que proporcione melhores condições de suporte e trafegabilidade, principalmente pavimentação asfáltica; pista de rolamento com pouca inclinação da seção transversal; pista de rolamento íntegra e sem deformações; pista de rolamento sem materiais soltos/desagregados; plataforma com drenagem superficial adequada e baixa intensidade (volume) de tráfego. Conclui-se portanto, que estes são os atributos das estradas rurais de maior essencialidade para a consecução das atividades de transporte de cargas do agronegócio.

本研究旨在藉由探討教科書評選指標的權重，了解國小英語教師對於英語教科書評選所採用之評選指標的看法，以及其教師背景對英語教科書評選的影響。本研究方法採用階層程序分析法(AHP), 並由文獻探討將教科書評選指標分為2大層面，5大向度，以及26個指標，建構出階層程序分析法問卷，以隨機方式發放於台北市12個行政區公私立126位國小正式英語教師，並藉由Expert Choice 2000 軟體分析，計算出各層面、向度、指標之權重值，並予以排序。 研究主要結果如下： 1.教師重視教科書內在評選高於外在評選。 2.教科書外在評選，教師較為重視整體編排架構；教科書內在評選，教師認 為語言能力比語言成分重要。 3.整體編排架構裡，教師認為最重要的指標為「使用英語文正確、自然流 暢。」；編印設計，最重要的指標為「字體大小適宜，印刷清楚。」； 4.教具與輔助教材，最重要的指標為「提供配合課程的電腦多媒體教材。」 5.教科書內在評選，男性教師較重視教科書語言成分；女性教師則較重視 語言能力。教學經驗較少的教師重視語言成分高於語言能力；教學經驗較 豐富的教師則認為語言能力較為重要。 6.教具與輔助教材，學士學歷教師較重視指標為「提供配合課程的電腦多媒 體教材。」；碩士學歷教師較重視指標為「CD發音正確清晰，速度適 宜。」 綜合本研究結果，教師對於教科書評選指標有不同看法及重視程度，期能提供教師對於教科書評選及評選指標有進一步瞭解。 / The current study aimed to understand how elementary English teachers in Taiwan prioritized criteria for textbook evaluation, and whether their various backgrounds influenced their prioritization of criteria. The research framework was constructed based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), including 2 objectives, 5 sub-objectives, and 25 criteria. An AHP questionnaire was randomly administered to 126 elementary English teachers in Taipei City. All the data were analyzed by means of the software Expert Choice 2000. The major findings in the current study are summarized below. 1.Internal evaluation of textbooks was prioritized before External evaluation by a majority of the teachers. 2.In external evaluation, most teachers emphasized General features of a textbook; in internal evaluation, teachers focused more on Language skills rather than Language components in a textbook. 3.Concerning criteria for evaluating General features of textbooks, teachers considered the criterion Accuracy and fluency most important; as for Layout and physical makeup of a textbook, the criterion Typeface came out top; in Teaching aids, Multimedia was viewed as the most crucial criterion. 4.In respect to criteria for evaluating Language components and Language skills in textbooks, the criterion Integration of components and Integration of skills were respectively emphasized by teachers. 5.While male teachers focused more on Language components of a textbook, female teachers found Language skills more important. 6.Novice teachers were more in favor of Language components than Language skills; however, to more experienced teachers, it was Language skills that they prioritized first. 7.For criteria evaluating Teaching aids of a textbook, teachers with a Bachelor's degree prioritized Multimedia as the most important criterion, while teachers holding a Master's degree put much emphasis on the Quality of CDs. To conclude, it is hoped that these findings can shed light on textbook development and provide useful information for teachers when selecting and evaluating textbooks and for textbook developers when compiling textbooks for students.

This study explores the application of wireless local area network (WLAN) in retailing industy for enhancing experiential marketing. As competition in the retailing industry increases, added with new entrants competing for old customers, department stores nowadays must consider new ways of attracting customers. Against that backdrop , experiential marketing becomes increasing important. Taking Kaohsiung¡¦s six department stores as cases for study, the author conducted a two-wave survey to examine whether and to what extent visitors of deparment stores appreciate the introduction and possible deployment of wireless local area networks as a means for enhancing experiential marketing. Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a research method, this study sorts out not only the key success factors of introducing wireless Internet in the context of department stores but also the priority setting of those key success factors, which includes seventeen elements falling into five categories. Broadly put, marketing and promotion stands out as the first priority setting, followed by business model and infrastructure. The finding of such priority setting has deep implications for experiential marketing which also falls into five modules of analysis: sense, feel, think, act and relate. It shows that visitors are more satisfied with the aspects of sense and feel, whereas the other three leave rooms for improvement. By introducing and deploying information and communications technologies, such as WLAN, that weakness of experiential marketing can be improved.

Through technological innovation and various stages of standardisation, wireless Internet has developed into a powerful business tool. Nowadays, business becomes not only e-business but also mobile business, or m-business, where business is done via mobile devices. This is especially true in industries where the provision of real-time and location-based information is important. Cultural tourism is one evident example of such industry. And museum might be the best testing ground for the effective use of wireless Internet in cultural tourism. Taking Taiwan¡¦s five national museums as cases, this study explores the current wireless deployment and the applications with it. It specifically examines whether and to what extent museum visitors would appreciate such deployment. After a thorough literature review, the author sorts out seven dimensions (comprising 40 elements) for the first wave of survey. Using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), the author further finds out the priority setting of those key success factors. The priority settings fall into three groups according to their significance. Connectivity and content design are perceived as the most important. The second group inlcudes, information content, marketing and promotion, and user¡¦s experience. The least urgent dimensions for wireless Internet development are applications and business model. This study should contribute to the understanding of applying new information and communications technologies (ICTs) in museum exhibitions. It suggests that museums should consider enhancing experiential marketing by thoughtful introduction of ICTs, notably wireless Internet application such as WLAN. This study is also characterised by using FAHP for sorting out the priority settings in the minds of museum visitors and related experts.

In this study, for the well-known Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method a new approach to interval priority weight generation from interval comparison matrix is proposed. This method can be used for both inconsistent and consistent matrices. Also for the problems having more than two hierarchical levels a synthesizing heuristic is presented. The performances of the methods, interval generation and synthesizing, are compared with the methods that are already available in the literature on randomly generated matrices.

GWAS mainly aim to identify variations associated with certain phenotypes or diseases. Recently the combined p-value approach is described as the next step after GWAS to map the significant SNPs to genes and pathways to evaluate SNP-gene-disease associations. Major bottleneck of standard GWAS approaches is the prioritization of statistically significant results. The connection between statistical analysis and biological relevance should be established to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of diseases. There are few tools offered for SNP prioritization but these are mainly based on user-defined subjective parameters, which are hard to standardize. Our group has recently developed a novel AHP based SNP prioritization algorithm. Beside statistical association AHP based SNP prioritization algorithm scores SNPs according to their biological relevance in terms of genomic location, functional consequence, evolutionary conservation, and gene-disease association. This allows researchers to evaluate the significantly associated SNPs quickly and objectively. Here, we have investigated the performance of the AHP based prioritization as the next step in the utilization of the algorithm in comparison to the other available tools for SNP prioritization. The user-defined parameters for AHP based prioritization have been investigated and our suggestion on how to use these parameters are presented. Additionally, the GWAS results from the analysis of two different sets of Alzheimer Disease Genotyping data with the newly proposed AHP based prioritization and the integrated software, METU-SNP, it was implemented, is reported and our new findings on the association of SNPs and genes with AD based on this analysis is discussed.

The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has constantly promoted sustainable tourism development as well as played an important role since 1980; in addition, numerous standards were regulated accordingly. Under the impacts of both environment protection, energy saving and carbon reduction, the marketing strategy of numerous operators have been changes consequently. The ecological or environment lodging facilities gradually adopted by the people in this trade; nevertheless, there are still not appropriate criteria of green B&B for domestic lodge industry to carry out related strategies. One of the major aims of this study is to establish the criteria of green B&B and index of feasible implementation, and constitute index levels with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), as the major basis of conducting survey of adoption willingness of lodge operator in implementing environment protection strategy. Next, this study intends to explore the current status of environment strategy implemented by B&B manager as well as the factors influence the adoption willingness. Third, find out any other factors and significance that could affect the adoption willingness of B&B manager to carry out strategy. Fourth, this study intends to locate the factors and significance of influencing consumer in accepting environment protection strategy (lodging willingness). There are three research targets employed by the design method of this study, namely, representative experts and scholars in the related domain, for presenting construct index and significance degree; research model establishment of B&B manager, the green B&B index are used for interview and questionnaire survey methods, so as to confirm the aim of this study; and finally the research model establishment of lodge consumer, through hierarchical regression analysis and relevant statistic analysis, to explain significant meaning and reason of variables. The research result proves that green B&B index can be simplifies into eight main dimensions and concrete strategies (management and marketing, social participation and communication, energy management, water resources management, green purchase, solid waste treatment, green restaurant and lodge activities, natural and cultural resources), for reference by verification unit. Secondly, in the research model of B&B manager, environment knowledge behavior would influence the self-efficacy, and further affect the adoption willingness. For operator, the higher the compatibility of environment strategy is, the higher of adoption willingness will be. Finally, in the research model of consumer, the higher the frequency that consumer engaged in the environment related activity, the higher the willingness of selecting green B&B will be; while environment knowledge behavior would affect the perceived caracteristics of innovation, lodge preference, and attitude of engaging in environment activity of consumer. This study defines the implication of promoting green B&B development strategy is ¡§to educate B&B managers attach more importance on environment ethics, and encourage consumer to change the attitude of recreation activity.¡¨ Furthermore, with the conception of simplified green lodge index, to direct towards tourism map planning of ecology village, apart from the unique features of ¡§green B&B¡¨ image, to minimize the impact of recreation environment. By employing innovation diffusion theory (IDT) model in the behavior prediction of environment behavior and tourism behavior strategy, the result of this study could be served as a useful reference for following researches.

In this paper multi-actor multi-criteria decision aid methodology are developed to examine the impacts of EU policies related to first generation biofuels on identified key stakeholders. The thesis focuses on the integration of relevant qualitative and quantitative criteria defined by key stakeholders into one comprehensive evaluation process, to serve as a decision support tool for decision makers. Weight allocation of the defined criteria will be assessed by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework, where the multi-criteria decision-aid method PROMETHEE II is used to rank relevant policy alternatives based on the information provided. In the end, results will help the decision makers to identify the impacts of different EU policy alternatives on each stakeholder group.

Η ανάπτυξη του δικτύου καταστημάτων μιας εμπορικής επιχείρησης είναι πολύ κρίσιμη για την κερδοφορία της επιχείρησης. Η γεωγραφική θέση του καταστήματος και η σημαντικότητα αυτής μπορεί να επιβεβαιωθεί από τις μεγάλες διαφορές στον κύκλο εργασιών των καταστημάτων της ίδιας εμπορικής αλυσίδας. Η μεθοδολογία που θα παρουσιαστεί παρακάτω είναι από τις πιο διαδεδομένες στις διεθνείς αγορές , η οποία και έχει εφαρμοστεί σε τομείς όπως: τράπεζες στο χώρο του corporate και private banking, εμπορικές επιχειρήσεις στο χώρο των super markets, των ηλεκτρικών και ηλεκτρονικών ειδών, στο χώρο της εστίασης και της ένδυσης καθώς και στο χώρο των τηλεπικοινωνιών. Μέχρι τώρα, η επίλυση του προβλήματος βέλτιστης τοποθεσίας για την εγκατάσταση τραπεζικών καταστημάτων βασιζόταν σε εμπειρικές κυρίως μελέτες. Οι μελέτες αυτές δεν χρησιμοποιούσαν όμως ποσοτικοποιημένες μεθόδους και δεν υπήρχε ακρίβεια στα αποτελέσματα. Στην παρακάτω μελέτη, γίνεται διαχωρισμός του κύριου προβλήματος σε μικρότερα προβλήματα έτσι ώστε τα αποτελέσματα που θα προκύψουν να είναι ακριβέστερα και με μεγαλύτερη λεπτομέρεια. Με τον τρόπο αυτό, υπάρχει η δυνατότητα να μελετηθούν και να αναλυθούν όλες οι επί μέρους παράμετροι και τα δεδομένα κάθε μικρότερου υποπροβλήματος. Έτσι, ορθολογικοποιείται η διαδικασία λήψης αποφάσεων, δίνοντας ακριβή αποτελέσματα τα οποία δεν είναι μόνο χρήσιμα για τη λήψης μιας απόφασης του παρόντος αλλά και για μελλοντικές αποφάσεις. Ένα ακόμα νέο δεδομένο που εισάγει η παρακάτω μελέτη στην επίλυση τέτοιων προβλημάτων είναι η αιτιολόγηση των βαθμολογιών που δίνονται από τον ερευνητή στα κριτήρια και στις εναλλακτικές. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται με τη σύγκριση μεταξύ των τιμών των μετρήσιμων μεγεθών των εναλλακτικών. Για τα μη μετρήσιμα μεγέθη, γίνεται αιτιολόγηση της βαθμολόγησης με βάση ποιοτικά δεδομένα. Η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθείται είναι πλήρως εμπεριστατωμένη και ποσοτικοποιημένη κάνοντας χρήση ενδεδειγμένων τεχνικών ανάλυσης. Ακόμα, προσφέρει καλύτερη γνώση στους επιχειρηματίες για την αγορά στην οποία δραστηριοποιούνται. Αναφέρεται στην απεικόνιση, ανάλυση και αναγνώριση τοποθεσιών-αγορών βάσει γεωγραφικών, οικονομικών και δημογραφικών κριτηρίων με απώτερο στόχο την βέλτιστη χωροθέτηση καταστημάτων μιας επιχείρησης. / -