This study is dealing with the adoption of Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRWC) by Swedish farmers during the last 20 years. SRWC is considered as an innovation in land use. An exploratory case study was set up by interviewing Swedish farmers and land owners to find out (1) about their decision process and reasons to start with Salix cultivation and (2) their opinions from today’s (time of interview, 2008) point of view about that decision. The aim is to improve German investigations in this field, to find out about reasons for farmers to decide in favour of or against SRWC. The development of Salix cultivation in Sweden seemed successful in the beginning of the 1990s as the total area of SRWC increased considerably until 1995. With the entry to the EU and participation in the common agricultural policy (CAP) in 1995 the positive development ended and has remained on the same level until this investigation. The study is based on 14 interviews with farmers who have been involved in SRWC. The interviews are part of the appendix A (Anhang A). On the basis of these 14 cases reasons and aspects for making decisions are evaluated in a qualitative method. Important factors for decision making in Sweden were in this study: agricultural policy before 1995, income from Salix, workload, service enterprise Agroenergi AB, hunting, site quality, and some miscellaneous aspects more. Further investigations should consider the type of farmer referring to his personal income structures as SRWC seems suitable for landowners who are financially independent from agricultural income. Another topic for further investigations should be the transfer of the obtained knowledge in Sweden to Germany.

This study is dealing with the adoption of Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRWC) by Swedish farmers during the last 20 years. SRWC is considered as an innovation in land use. An exploratory case study was set up by interviewing Swedish farmers and land owners to find out (1) about their decision process and reasons to start with Salix cultivation and (2) their opinions from today’s (time of interview, 2008) point of view about that decision. The aim is to improve German investigations in this field, to find out about reasons for farmers to decide in favour of or against SRWC. The development of Salix cultivation in Sweden seemed successful in the beginning of the 1990s as the total area of SRWC increased considerably until 1995. With the entry to the EU and participation in the common agricultural policy (CAP) in 1995 the positive development ended and has remained on the same level until this investigation. The study is based on 14 interviews with farmers who have been involved in SRWC. The interviews are part of the appendix A (Anhang A). On the basis of these 14 cases reasons and aspects for making decisions are evaluated in a qualitative method. Important factors for decision making in Sweden were in this study: agricultural policy before 1995, income from Salix, workload, service enterprise Agroenergi AB, hunting, site quality, and some miscellaneous aspects more. Further investigations should consider the type of farmer referring to his personal income structures as SRWC seems suitable for landowners who are financially independent from agricultural income. Another topic for further investigations should be the transfer of the obtained knowledge in Sweden to Germany.:Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis........................................................................... 6 Abkürzungsverzeichnis .................................................................................................. 7 1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Problemstellung................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Ziel der Diplomarbeit .......................................................................................... 11 1.3 Untersuchungsgebiet ........................................................................................... 12 1.3.1 Geografie, Klima und Politik .................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Landwirtschaft......................................................................................... 15 1.3.3 Salixkultivierung in Schweden................................................................ 16 1.4 Begriffsabgrenzung und deduktiv entwickelte Faktoren..................................... 19 1.5 Vorgehensweise................................................................................................... 22 2 Theoretischer Rahmen...................................................................................... 23 3 Methodik ............................................................................................................ 31 3.1 Forschungsdesign ................................................................................................ 31 3.2 Datenerhebung..................................................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Befragung................................................................................................ 32 3.2.2 Erhebungsinstrumente............................................................................. 33 3.2.3 Auswahlverfahren und Interviewdurchführung ...................................... 35 3.2.4 Transkription ........................................................................................... 36 3.3 Auswertung.......................................................................................................... 37 3.3.1 Strategie................................................................................................... 37 3.3.2 Kategoriensystem, Paraphrase und Reduktion........................................ 38 3.3.3 Integration der Ergebnisse....................................................................... 42 4 Ergebnisse .......................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Die Interviewpartner............................................................................................ 46 4.2 Spektrum der Entscheidungsgründe .................................................................... 54 4.3 Entscheidungsfaktoren und Thesen..................................................................... 65 4.3.1 Agrarpolitische Faktoren vor 1995 ......................................................... 65 4.3.2 Einkommen aus SRWC........................................................................... 66 4.3.3 Faktor Dienstleister ................................................................................. 66 4.3.4 Faktor Arbeitsbelastung .......................................................................... 67 4.3.5 Faktor Jagd .............................................................................................. 68 4.3.6 Faktor Standort........................................................................................ 68 4.3.7 Weitere Faktoren ..................................................................................... 69 5 Diskussion........................................................................................................... 70 6 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................. 82 7 Literaturverzeichnis .......................................................................................... 84 Anhang A: Fallübersichten .......................................................................................... 91 A.1 SÖD-A, 19.01.2008 ........................................................................................ 91 A.2 SÖD-B, 19.01.2008 ........................................................................................ 94 A.3 SÖD-C, 21.02.2008 ........................................................................................ 97 A.4 UPP-A, 20.01.2008....................................................................................... 100 A.5 UPP-B, 22.01.2008 ....................................................................................... 103 A.6 UPP-C, 22.01.2008 ....................................................................................... 107 A.7 ÖST-B, 12.01.2008....................................................................................... 111 A.8 ÖST-C, 13.01.2008....................................................................................... 114 A.9 ÖST-E, 15.01.2008 ....................................................................................... 117 A.10 ÖST-F, 16.01.2008 ....................................................................................... 121 A.11 ÖST-G, 16.01.2008....................................................................................... 124 A.12 ÖST-H, 17.01.2008....................................................................................... 128 A.13 VGT-A, 23.01.2008...................................................................................... 132 A.14 VGT-B, 25.01.2008 ...................................................................................... 136 Anhang B: Materialien und Informationen ............................................................. 139 B.1 Zeitstrahl ....................................................................................................... 139 B.2 Interviewleitfaden ......................................................................................... 140 B.3 Kurzfragebogen ............................................................................................ 142 B.4 Codierleitfaden ............................................................................................. 144 B.5 Materialien auf CD-ROM Anhang ............................................................... 145 B.6 Anmerkung zum Thema Gender .................................................................. 145 B.7 Glossar .......................................................................................................... 146

Syftet med detta arbete är att utifrån ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv, utforska hur några professionella musiker upplever att de går till väga under sina instuderingsprocesser. För att belysa detta tar arbetet avstamp i följande forskningsfråga: Vilka övningsstrategier beskriver några professionella musiker att de använder sig av när de tillägnar sig ett för dem nytt material? För att uppnå syfte och forskningsfråga har tre kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med tre professionella musiker. I resultatet framkommer en rad olika strategier vilka sorterats in i fem meningsenheter: Dagliga tekniska övningsstrategier, Noggranna förberedelser, Tidsplanering, Övriga strategier och Strävan efter utveckling. I diskussionen sätts dessa strategier i relation till bakgrundslitteratur och forskning samt till fenomenologi. / Syftet med detta arbete är att utifrån ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv, utforska hur några professionella musiker upplever att de går till väga under sina instuderingsprocesser. För att belysa detta tar arbetet avstamp i följande forskningsfråga: Vilka övningsstrategier beskriver några professionella musiker att de använder sig av när de tillägnar sig ett för dem nytt material? För att uppnå syfte och forskningsfråga har tre kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med tre professionella musiker. I resultatet framkommer en rad olika strategier vilka sorterats in i fem meningsenheter: Dagliga tekniska övningsstrategier, Noggranna förberedelser, Tidsplanering, Övriga strategier och Strävan efter utveckling. I diskussionen sätts dessa strategier i relation till bakgrundslitteratur och forskning samt till fenomenologi.

<p>Kalmar Municipality has in 2008-2010 made an effort to educate managers on gender, with the goal of mainstreaming gender into public activities so that all citizens should feel safe in that treatment and services are designed and resources are distributed equally to both sexes living conditions and needs. The overall aim of this study was to examine whether the training effort has paid off, and how gender mainstreaming has been implemented in the different activities. We have used a qualitative approach, which we examined through interviews managers' approach to gender equality.</p><p>Gender was generally described as an important issue of all respondents, and all were working to mainstream gender into their activities and workplaces. The results show that the operational and management needed clearer directives and strategies in their efforts to promote gender equality. Education was necessary because personal definition of gender may differ from the control contents of the documents. We found that many respondents saw the barrier of time, but also difficulties in changing attitudes and preferences of employees. As a result, we realized that the problem was bigger than that, when society is ruled by norms and values. After analysis of empirical data, we concluded that gender mainstreaming is a difficult subject, and it demands hard work, efforts and resources.</p>

I det sociokulturella perspektivet som vi har utgått ifrån är synsättet på lärandet att det utvecklas i sociala sammanhang där kommunikation är en central del. Lärandet sker i samspel mellan individer där en genom stöttning och vägledning utvecklar nuvarande kunskaper. I detta arbete har vi beskrivit arbetsmetoder som lärare använder sig av i sin undervisning för att främja kommunikationen i klassrummet. Eftersom kommunikation är en central del i det sociokulturella perspektivet blir detta en lämplig teori att utgå ifrån. Motivation och språkligt självförtroende är grundpelare för att främja kommunikativ interaktion i undervisningen. Dessa komponenter är av betydelse för att lära ett nytt språk eftersom kommunikation gynnar andraspråksinlärning, där målet är att kunna tala det nya språket. I arbetet intervjuades fem lärare där det framkom att komponenter som motivation, språkligt självförtroende och val av arbetssätt är alla centrala för att främja kommunikation. Enligt lärarna är par- och grupparbete nödvändigt eftersom elever lär sig ett nytt språk genom interaktion. / The sociocultural perspective, this essay theory, approach of learning is that it develops in social contexts where communication is a central part. Learning takes place in interaction between individuals where, through support and guiding, one develops current knowledge. In this essay, we have described methods that teachers use in their teaching to encourage communication in the classroom. Because communication is a central part of the sociocultural perspective, it is therefore an appropriate theory to use. When establishing communicative interaction, motivation and linguistic self-confidence are among the pillars. These components are important when learning a new language because communication favors language learning, where the goal is to be able to speak the new language. In this essay, we interviewed five teachers where it emerged that components such as motivation, linguistic self-confidence and choice of methods are all central parts to encourage communication. According to the teachers, pair-and group work is necessary for students because in order to learn a new language, you need to interact.

A complex mix of community and government activities and policies address social welfare needs, and the balance of roles varies from country to country and sometimes community to community. Economic changes and other factors have led to the development of comprehensive welfare states in many countries, making national/federal governments significant players in social welfare planning and provision. Even with these structural changes, communities are still active in assessing and providing for their own members' needs, though in widely variable forms. Religious organizations are key players in providing for community social welfare needs, both congregations and faith-based organizations, as well as contributing to the national level policy discourse. To understand the role of congregations in social welfare provision, this project presents a case study of congregations in a small U.S. city (using qualitative interviews and other contextual data), a review of federal faith-based social welfare policy (from three administrations), and a discussion of the U.S. case in comparison to similarly constructed European case studies. The federal policy documents reflect an emphasis on communities as best placed to serve their own needs. The community interview data yielded themes focused on collaboration and structural ways congregations contributed to social welfare. Respondents generally voiced a similar position that community organizations have intimate knowledge of the community's needs and how to meet these. However, respondents (with a few exceptions) saw the work of community organizations as only possible within a larger government structure of regulation and funding. The constraints of program and funding guidelines that created a need for congregations to fill gaps, discussed by respondents, refers to the complex system of benefits designed to identify the deserving portion of those in need. The results of this project fit in a larger, international comparative analysis of social welfare and religion in western liberal democracies. Examining religion's participation in social welfare provision contributes to the understanding of religion's role in the public sphere as possible moral commentator, contributor to the common good, and identity legitimation.

This study consists of qualitative interviews with 8 graduate students about the use of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC), or instant message (IM), programs in their interpersonal relationships. Participants were interviewed twice, once via an instant message program and once in a face-to-face setting. They were asked about their frequency of use, their use of multi-tasking, and the types of conversations they have via IM. Results of the interviews are discussed, with a concentration on the paradoxical nature of IM communication as impersonal, but at the same time, conducive to personal disclosure and intimacy.

New Zealand relies on overseas teachers to fill approximately 30% of annual vacancies (Ministry of Education, 2006). 41% of these cohort were teaching in Auckland when this study was conducted (Ministry of Education, 2001, 2003). As only 7% were new to teaching, it is likely that they bring a wealth of teaching experience to New Zealand classrooms. In 2002 New Zealand introduced a new school-leaving qualification, the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA), which includes a literacy strand in all subjects (Taylor, 2001). This thesis aims to investigate the needs, perceptions and insights of overseas teachers in Auckland regarding the literacy requirements of the New Zealand secondary curriculum. In this qualitative study, interviews were carried out with ten teachers who had been teaching in Auckland between one and six years and who had all previously taught overseas. Interviews were also carried out with two literacy leaders as part of the research. Key challenges that emerged were the incorporation of the NCEA literacy requirements in discipline areas; catering for the needs of students who speak English as a second language; dealing with the challenges of teaching literacy across the curriculum and subject specific language; finding and developing relevant resources and sourcing professional development relating to literacy teaching. Findings revealed there were two categories of teachers – teachers who were very aware of the literacy needs of their students and those who were less aware. Teachers from England and South Africa were very aware of the varied literacy needs of New Zealand students and had received professional development in this area. Other teachers seemed less aware of the literacy demands of their students, the curriculum or their own professional development needs. This study also reveals that recognition and provision for the professional needs of newly arrived teachers from overseas seems to vary. There is very little research on the experiences of immigrant teachers in New Zealand; this study helps to clarify the issues which these teachers face, particularly with regard to the dual challenges of teaching students with ESL and the expectations that all teachers will include literacy in their approach to teaching, which is part of the NCEA curriculum.

Master of Philosophy (Medicine) / Health care evaluation serves the purpose of monitoring the quality of health care provided by Health Care Providers (HCP), so that health care services can be provided most effectively and efficiently. Patient satisfaction studies are widely used to assess the quality of outpatient care. A client satisfaction study was conducted at an HIV health care facility in Sydney, Australia during 2007-2008. There were three objectives: 1.) To validate a questionnaire for future determination of client satisfaction in HIV health care facilities. 2.) To identify the levels of satisfaction of clients, and investigate any dissatisfaction and unmet needs towards HIV health care. 3.) To provide recommendations for improving client satisfaction levels in HIV health care. This research used a mixed method approach and consisted of two phases. The first phase was a quantitative survey conducted with 166 clients (both HIV positive and negative) at Albion Street Centre (ASC) using a newly-devised questionnaire. Clients were asked to answer demographic questions, rate their levels of satisfaction with each aspect and each HCP category, and provide suggestions for improvement. Quantitative statistical analysis was conducted to obtain a general view of client satisfaction levels. Dissatisfaction and unmet needs of clients were then investigated in-depth in the second phase of the research through qualitative face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Twenty-two clients (both HIV positive and negative) at ASC were interviewed individually and asked about their attitudes, perceptions, and experiences towards their HCP and the HIV health care services received. Thematic analysis was used to categorise and interpret the qualitative data. More than 90% of the clients were satisfied with most of the aspects covered in the survey, with a mean overall satisfaction score of 84 out of 100. Clients were most iii satisfied with the “technical quality” and “interpersonal manner” of the HCP, and were least satisfied with “waiting time” and “availability of HCP”. The HCP category with which the clients has the highest level of satisfaction was “nurses” (86%), followed by “psychologists” (84%), then “doctors” (83%). Clients who were HIV negative, had a full time job, visited ASC less frequently, or did not possess any type of Health Care Card were more satisfied with the services overall. No common dissatisfaction or unmet needs towards HIV health care service were identified. “Technical quality of HCP” and “the relationship with HCP” were the two most important determinants of client satisfaction, which outweighed the inconvenience contributed by the poor availability of HCP and the location of ASC. The maintenance of “confidentiality/privacy” was shown to be fundamental in HIV health care facilities. The multi-disciplinary nature of ASC increased the degree of convenience and satisfaction level among clients. Suggestions for improvement in client satisfaction levels include increasing the attractiveness of the physical environment and the variety of educational reading materials in the waiting area; introducing beverages, and encouraging clients to be involved in their treatment decisions. Health care administrative staff in particular are reminded not to neglect the importance of the availability of HCP, accessibility, and physical environment when establishing a new HIV health care facility. The mixed method approach (quantitative survey and qualitative interviews) proved beneficial. It increased the validity of the findings by assessing client satisfaction levels using more than one method. This enabled clarification of ambiguities noted in the initial survey through probes used in the interviews, and also allowed investigation of the determinants of client satisfaction through understanding their experiences in HIV health care. Future client satisfaction studies would benefit from using this approach.

<p>Örebro University</p><p>Department of Humanities</p><p>Media and Communication Studies</p><p>Bachelor Thesis, Spring 2007</p><p>Title: Organisational Communication in Dutch Branches in Swedish Companies - A study of Securitas Systems, Volvo Trucks and Electrolux in the Netherlands</p><p>By: Patrik Edvardsson</p><p>Supervisor: Inger Larsson</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how top management in three Swedish companies view the communication within the company. Aspects that are investigated are organisational structure, how core values are used in this communication and what role different communication forms such as intranet, organisational newspaper and face-toface communication play in value creation.</p><p>Theories</p><p>Theories in communication theory, PR, Intercultural communication and organisational theory are used as theoretical framework for the study. Important concepts that are used are sensemaking in organisations, core values, mission and vision as well as organisational structure as well as different communication forms.</p><p>Method</p><p>The method used in this thesis is semi-structured qualitative interviews with five people in top management, working in the three companies in this study. The interviews were</p><p>conducted at each company and took between 30 min and one hour.</p><p>Results</p><p>The study shows that all companies have clear core values that are communicated within the companies. They are communicated though different channels such as intranet and</p><p>magazines but also though dialogue; Securitas even have a game that is used to promote understanding and discussion concerning core values.</p><p>The organisational structure, which encourages informal communication, is crucial in the process of sensemaking in all companies. The companies have weak hierarchical</p><p>structures, which promote empowerment. The management believe that it is important for them to be good examples and live up to the core values, as well as maintaining an</p><p>environment that encourage communication and sensemaking among the employees. face-to-face meeting are important to build lasting networks.</p><p>Keywords</p>