The internal war that took place in Peru for two decades brought silence as one of its consequences. In this article we try to classify silence or aspects of silence. This classification, based on the experiences described in the Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR, 2003), distinguishes an instrumental silence or silence for; a silence caused by the terrible events that took place or silence from; a silence resulting from the absence of important relations for an intimate communication, like relatives or friends, or silence with; and finally, a more profound silence, less describable, more personal but less manageable, simply a silence. / La guerra interna durante más de dos lustros en el Perú ha tenido como una de sus secuelas el silencio. En este artículo proponemos una clasificación de silencios o de aspectos del silencio. La clasificación, basada en un ordenamiento de las experiencias relatadas en el Informe de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR, 2003), consiste en distinguir un silencio instrumental o silencio para; un silencio producto de lo terrible de los hechos ocurridos, silencio de; uno producto de la ausencia de interlocutores importantes para la comunicación más íntima, como familiares o amigos, silencio con; y finalmente, un silencio más profundo, menos descriptible, más personal pero menos manejable, silencio a secas.

In this essay I argue that the plot in Sunrise with Sea Monster, written by Irish writer Neil Jordan, is based on the Oedipal myth, such as interpreted by Freud and psychoanalyst literary theory. By applying aspects of this theory we discover meanings buried within the novel. The Oedipus situation arises when the main character Donal falls in love with his piano teacher Rose, but so does his father, who decides to marry her. The desire both men have for the same woman creates a conflict of interest, as well as leading to a series of betrayals, of which the worst and ultimate one is of the father, Sam, by the son, Donal. The situation is not helped further by the lack of communication which exists between the two men. When the Oedipal stage is overcome, when both Rose and Sam are out of the picture, this leads to a sort of reconciliation between Sam and Donal. Betrayal and reconciliation are the two main themes and these are governed by the Oedipal framework of the novel. I also argue that the imagery, in particular that of water and what it is connected to adds depth to the novel as well as closely relating to the main themes and the Oedipal background: the diverse aspects of the Oedipal conflict are expressed symbolically, metaphorically etc. in the novel.

Sangin District, in Helmand Province, was once described by US Defense Secretary Robert Gates as “the most dangerous not only in Afghanistan but maybe the whole world.” Nevertheless, Afghan Government officials received a written offer of peace from the principal local grouping aligned to the Taliban on the 29th May 2010, before NATO’s surge, or Sangin’s handover from U.K. to U.S. forces. This offer evolved into the local negotiated agreement known as the Sangin Accord, announced in January 2011. This is the first academic study of that agreement. This work also considers relationships between motivations for negotiation at the local level, and international policy and actions: military power, stabilisation activities, and reconciliation (including the co-option and legitimation of enemies). It compares explanations for negotiated agreements from academic theory and military doctrine, especially I. William Zartman’s ripeness theory and its evolutions, and offers suggestions for other local reintegration or reconciliation scenarios. The conclusions offer observations on applying Ripeness theory when intervening to seek political reconciliation in a local area removed from centralised authority, and without a permanent military advantage – which I term ‘fringe areas’. It highlights the impact of history (both received and remembered), and traumatic experiences, on memory, perception and rationality; vital factors for Ripeness theory. Finally, it explores the paradox between policymakers’ desire to negotiate from a position of strength, and Ripeness theory’s contradictory requirement for a mutually perceived hurting stalemate – simultaneously alongside a political Way Out – as essential preconditions to genuine negotiation.

Kwakwaka’wakw laws surrounding cultural property and Canadian intellectual property laws often treat art objects differently. How can the divergences between the two legal systems be reconciled? This thesis attempts to answer this question by examining the relationships surrounding the Victory Through Honour totem pole that was gifted by Ellen Neel, a Kwakwaka’wakw totem pole carver, to UBC to make right the use of the Thunderbirds name for the university’s varsity sports teams. The first chapter of this thesis, explores the notion of reconciliation as defined by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and locates the gifting of Victory Through Honour as one of many gestures of reconciliation regarding the historic wrong against the Kwakwaka’wakw that was the potlatch ban. The second chapter delves deeper into the ceremonial aspect of the transactions surrounding Victory Through Honour to articulate various parties’ social obligations under Kwakwaka’wakw law. The third chapter sheds light on the differences between the treatment of cultural property under the Kwakwaka’wakw legal order and Canadian intellectual property laws. The fourth chapter inquires whether the Kwakwaka’wakw legal approach to cultural property and Canadian intellectual property law can be reconciled despite their divergences. / Graduate

A indústria de mineração investiga continuamente processos de reconciliação e técnicas adequadas para mapear possíveis riscos na recuperação do minério e no planejamento de lavra. Um estudo de caso em uma mina de cobre brasileira investiga a adequação do uso de teores simulados para a definição de áreas de risco que afetam o planejamento mineiro e as reservas minerais definidas. Simulações condicionais foram usadas para derivar múltiplos modelos de teores de cobre dentro de um típico corpo de minério do depósito e esses modelos foram comparados com os dados reais de produção (reconciliação). A comparação permitiu uma melhor compreensão sobre a variabilidade da qualidade e ajudou na definição de um plano de produção mais consistente. Com os intervalos de valores provenientes das simulações foi possível mapear importantes áreas de incerteza que afetam o plano de lavra. Análises de risco foram conduzidas para a definição da cava final através da comparação do limite previsto pela estimativa por krigagem ordinária e as cavas resultantes dos modelos simulados de teor de cobre, sendo possível avaliar os impactos operacionais nos principais fatores econômicos (valor presente líquido e fluxo de caixa descontado). Várias cavas finais foram geradas para vários modelos de blocos simulados, comparando-se com a cava anteriormente planejada através da utilização do modelo de blocos produzido pela krigagem ordinária. Além disso, foi definida uma escala de risco utilizando os modelos condicionalmente simulados e os valores estimados pela krigagem (comumente utilizados como referência para definição do orçamento e da alimentação de metal no moinho) a fim de minimizar as variações dos teores. Estas medidas se propõem a reduzir o risco no cumprimento das metas de produção de metal no planejamento de lavra. Esta abordagem, considerando o risco durante o sequenciamento de lavra, foi utilizada no plano de produção anual da mina e comparada com o realizado no período e com a abordagem tradicionalmente aplicada. Os resultados evidenciaram possíveis riscos associados com o limite da cava final operacional e demonstraram os benefícios do uso de análise de risco como uma ferramenta para visualizar e analisar os limites de cava final e planejamento de lavra, ajudando a tomar melhores decisões estratégicas no gerenciamento da mina referente aos fatores técnicos e indicadores econômicos. / Mining industry continuously investigates proper reconciliation procedures and techniques for mapping possible risks in ore recovery and mine planning. A case study at a Brazilian copper mine investigates the adequacy of using simulated grades for defining high risk areas affecting mine planning and the defined mineral reserves. Conditional simulations were used to derive multiple copper grade models within a typical ore-body of the deposit and compared these models against the real production data (reconciliation). The comparison allowed a better understanding of grade variability and helped in defining a more consistent mine plan. The range of values derived from the simulations mapped areas of significant uncertainty affecting the pushback’s plan. Risk analysis were conducted for the final pit definition by comparing the projected final pit limit and mining sequence against the simulated models of copper grade, assessing the operational impacts on key economical factors (mine net present value, discounted cash flow). Several final pit limits were generated for various simulated grade block models and compared to the previously pit planned using the ordinary kriging grade block model. Also, it was defined a risk scale using the conditional simulated models and the ordinary kriged values (commonly used for budget and mill feed reference) in order to minimize grade variations ensuring less risk on completion of the metal production goals on mine planning. This approach considering the risk for the mining sequencing was used on the annual mining plan and compared to the real production and to the traditional approach. The results highlighted possible risks associated with the operational pit limit and demonstrated the benefits of using risk analysis as a tool to preview and review the final pit limits and mine planning, helping to make better strategic decisions by the copper mine management related to the technical factors and economical indicators.

No Brasil, o câncer atualmente é a segunda causa de morte e algumas das explicações devem-se ao fato do melhor controle das doenças infectocontagiosas e ao envelhecimento populacional global, uma vez que o câncer é considerado uma doença cuja idade média está acima de 60 anos. As comorbidades as quais estão diretamente associadas ao envelhecimento e o uso de diversos medicamentos são necessários para o controle adequado das outras patologias, por outro lado, representa um importante fator de risco para resultados negativos de saúde. A conciliação de medicamentos visa a redução de medicamentos desnecessários, com uma avaliação criteriosa do farmacêutico, que pode ajudar a otimizar a terapia medicamentosa, reduzir custos, aumentar a conformidade e reduzir a toxicidade e eventos adversos relacionados aos medicamentos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência da polifarmácia, automedicação, a adesão e conhecimento da farmacoterapia domiciliar; as principais dúvidas e as necessidades de orientação em relação à farmacoterapia em geral; harmonização farmacoterapêutica, discrepâncias, interações medicamentosas, medicamentos inapropriados para idosos e duplicidade terapêutica. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Pacientes admitidos dos pelo Serviço de Oncologia Clínica e Ginecologia do HCFMRPUSP com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos e diagnóstico confirmado de neoplasia maligna. Foram aplicados os testes de adesão e conhecimento da farmacoterapia domiciliar e após a saída hospitalar do paciente realizada a revisão das farmacoterapias (domiciliar e hospitalar) e a conciliação de medicamentos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 157 pacientes, idade média 68,4 anos, maioria do gênero feminino (60,5%), raça branca (84,1%), ensino básico (40,1%), neoplasia maligna em mama feminina (26,1%), em uso de polifarmácia (70,7%) e adepto de automedicação (50,3%), em que o uso de medicamentos (p= 0,01) e a automedicação (p= <0,01) foram significativamente correlacionados com o gênero feminino. Na farmacoterapia domiciliar, a média de conhecimento total foi de 62,9% e maioria caracterizada como não aderente (73,4%), o armazenamento dos medicamentos foi prevalente na cozinha (51%) e as principais dúvidas relacionam-se à caligrafia (79%). A harmonização farmacoterapêutica foi observada em 82,3% dos pacientes. A discrepância foi observada em 90,5% dos pacientes, prevalecendo a omissão (304). Foi significativamente diferente a interação medicamentosa quando comparada as farmacoterapias, domiciliar e hospitalar (p <0,01). Em ambas farmacoterapias, a maioria dos pacientes fez uso de medicamentos inapropriados para idosos, 84,1% (132 pacientes) e 85,3% (134 pacientes), respectivamente. A duplicidade terapêutica observada foi mínima, 18 pacientes (11,7%) na farmacoterapia domiciliar e 29 pacientes (18,8%) na hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: a inserção do cuidado farmacêutico pode contribuir na educação do paciente em relação aos riscos da automedicação, melhoria no conhecimento, adesão e armazenamento dos medicamentos; e o processo de conciliação de medicamentos pode auxiliar a prática clínica na harmonização farmacoterapêutica e reduzir as discrepâncias, principalmente em relação à omissão. A inclusão de sistemas de alertas na prescrição médica pode reduzir os riscos de interações medicamentosas e uso de medicamentos inapropriados para idosos. / In Brazil, cancer is currently the second cause of death and some of the explanation is due to better control of infectious diseases and global aging, since cancer is considered a disease whose average age is over 60 years. Comorbidities that are directly associated with aging and the use of several medications are necessary for the adequate control of other pathologies, on the other hand, it represents an important risk factor for negative health outcomes. Medication reconciliation is aimed at reducing unnecessary medications, with careful evaluation by the pharmacist, which can help optimize drug therapy, reduce costs, increase compliance, and reduce toxicity and drug-related adverse events. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy, self-medication, adherence and knowledge of home pharmacotherapy; the main doubts and orientation needs regarding pharmacotherapy in general; pharmacotherapeutic harmonization, discrepancies, drug interactions, inappropriate medications for the elderly and therapeutic duplicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients admitted to the HCFMRP-USP Clinical Oncology and Gynecology Service aged 60 years or older and confirmed diagnosis of malignant neoplasia. The adherence tests and knowledge of home pharmacotherapy were applied and after the patient\'s hospital discharge, the pharmacotherapies (home and hospital) and medication reconciliation were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 157 patients, mean age 68.4 years old, female (60.5%), Caucasian (84.1%), primary education (40.1%) and malignant neoplasia (P = 0.01) and self-medication (p = <0.01), using polypharmacy (70.7%) and adept of self-medication (50.3%), Were significantly correlated with the female gender. In home pharmacotherapy, the mean total knowledge was 62.9% and most characterized as non-adherent (73.4%), drug storage was prevalent in the kitchen (51%) and the main doubts related to calligraphy (79%). Pharmacotherapeutic harmonization was observed in 82.3% of the patients. The discrepancy was observed in 90.5% of the patients, with omission prevailing (304). Drug interaction was significantly different when compared to pharmacotherapies, home and hospital (p <0.01). In both pharmacotherapies, the majority of patients used drugs inappropriate for the elderly, 84.1% (132 patients) and 85.3% (134 patients), respectively. The therapeutic duplicity observed was minimal, 18 patients (11.7%) in the home pharmacotherapy and 29 patients (18.8%) in the hospital. CONCLUSION: the insertion of pharmaceutical care can contribute to the education of the patient in relation to the risks of self-medication, improved knowledge, adherence and storage of medications; and the medication reconciliation process can help clinical practice in pharmacotherapeutic harmonization and reduce discrepancies, especially in relation to omission. The inclusion of alert systems in the medical prescription can reduce the risks of drug interactions and the use of drugs inappropriate for the elderly.

O foco analítico deste trabalho se dá sob o olhar de um psicólogo inserido num programa de formação de facilitadores em práticas restaurativas. Diferentemente de formações dessa natureza e finalidade, a formação das Escolas de Perdão e Reconciliação convidam o educando a cumprir um deslocamento subjetivo por meio da prática do perdão, apoiando-o através de um espaço grupal acolhedor, catártico, linguageiro e reflexivo. Compreendendo o humano em suas quatro dimensões (comportamental, emocional, cognitiva e espiritual), as ESPERE provocam um espaço de tensão política ao aproximar a teoria e a prática do perdão à experiência de justiça. Com base na Educação Popular, a pedagogia do curso investe esforços no autocontrole e no apoio das relações humanas através de atividades plásticas, jogos e dinâmicas de grupo, fazendo com que as pessoas tenham, ao final, podido restaurar-se de um episódio violento de seu passado, experimentar essa nova relação com ele e querer multiplicála em sua prática como facilitador. Com a ajuda do outro, o participante do curso ainda promove a desconstrução de antigas verdades, reflete sobre as relações de poder dos conflitos, questiona-se quanto ao papel da vingança e da punição na sociedade e alfabetiza-se emocionalmente para se comunicar de modo assertivo. Isto cumpre consolidar práticas restaurativas informais para que possam seguir em direção à formalidade. Os capítulos do trabalho foram divididos da seguinte maneira: (1º) é feita uma explanação sobre as práticas restaurativas, seus valores e princípios, para levarmos em conta a hipótese destas estarem vinculadas a dois polos fundamentais que se apoiam: a exigência de uma repactuação social conseguida na radicalização do protagonismo dos envolvidos; (2º) fazemos um levantamento histórico-institucional do Centro de Direitos Humanos e Educação Popular de Campo Limpo (CDHEP) para que possamos situar as ESPERE dentro de um projeto de sociedade que a ONG empreende até os dias de hoje; (3º) abordamos a chegada das ESPERE no CDHEP como ponte fundamental para possibilitar a construção de uma Justiça Restaurativa independente e popular; (4º) reservado à descrição da formação das ESPERE e apontamentos para reflexão; (5º) são colocadas algumas contribuições e reflexões que articulam nossas experiências como educadores, retomando a hipótese e os apontamentos a fim de caracterizarmos as mudanças fundamentais da Justiça Restaurativa no que tange seus resultados, pressupostos, entendimentos e ética / This research is based on the outlook of a psychologist in a training program for facilitators in restorative practices. As opposed to other programs of this nature, the training programs of the Schools of Forgiveness and Reconciliation invite the students to create a subjective dislocation through the practice of forgiveness, supporting them in a welcoming, cathartic and reflexive group context. Understanding the human being in its fours dimensions (behavioral, emotional, cognitive and spiritual), the ESPERE schools create a context of political tension by uniting the theory and practice of forgiveness to the experience of justice. With its basis in Popular Education, the trainings theory is based in self-control and the support in human relations through artistic activities, games and group dynamics, in such a way that permits the participants to, in the end, restore themselves regarding a violent episode from their past, experience a new relationship with it, and pass this on as a facilitator. With the help of others, the participants achieve deconstruction of old truths, reflect about the power relations in conflicts, question themselves about the role of revenge and punition in society and build an emotional basis to communicate assertively. This consolidates informal restorative practices, in order to later move on to a formal approach. The chapters of this dissertation were divided as follows: (1st) an explanation about restorative practices, their values and principles, considering that these practices are linked to two main ideas, which support one another: a demand for social repactuation achieved by the radicalization of the empowerment of those involved. (2nd) The second chapter is a historical account of the institution Center for Human Rights and Popular Education of Campo Limpo (CDHEP), placing the ESPERE in the context of a project of society that the NGO continues to carry out to this day; (3rd) The third chapter addresses the arrival of the ESPERE at CDHEP as a fundamental bridge for the construction of an independent and popular Restorative Justice; (4th) The forth chapter is reserved for the description of the ESPERE training program and notes for reflection; (5th) In the fifth chapter contributions and reflections are put forth, which articulate our experiences as educators, and resume our hypothesis characterizing the main changes in Restorative Justice regarding results, assumptions, understandings and ethics

Esse trabalho é uma análise do Relatório Final da Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação do Peru (CVR) e problematiza o tratamento dado pela Comissão na avaliação dos impactos da luta armada do Partido Comunista do Peru - Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL) e da resposta do Estado peruano a ela. A referência territorial do nosso trabalho é a serra sul central andina, particularmente o departamento de Ayacucho. Essa é uma das regiões de maior população quéchua-falante do país, é o local onde o PCP-SL surgiu e concentrou suas ações, sobretudo nos primeiros seis anos da década de 1980, e onde o conflito deixou mais vítimas e teve uma dinâmica mais acentuada de violência. Por este motivo, o foco deste trabalho é a questão indígena a partir da pergunta: de que modo ela é apresentada no Relatório Final da CVR? Para interpretar o Relatório, realizamos uma análise do discurso a partir de uma contextualização histórica e comparada do documento, e pela seleção de uma série de categorias-chave relacionadas ao horizonte étnico-racial colonial da sociedade peruana: índio, indígena, camponês(a), mestiço(a), misti e cholo(a). Como estratégias complementares para levantar e sintetizar outro tipo de dados e informações foram feitas duas viagens de campo ao Peru. A criação e o trabalho da Comissão têm uma importância histórica evidente no contexto latino-americano. Seu Relatório deve ser apreciado como ponto de partida importante para novas hipóteses, trabalhos de campo e na construção coletiva e popular de projetos de país que sejam plurais e democráticos. Quanto à questão indígena, o Relatório Final é produto de décadas de disputa de posições políticas e intelectuais, e como tal apresenta avanços, potencialidades, contradições e limites. A invisibilização dos povos indígenas andinos e o obscurecimento da questão remetem mais, portanto, a problemas próprios desses debates que antecedem à Comissão. A CVR localiza-se em um contexto de esgotamento dos discursos de mestiçagem como aposta das elites políticas e intelectuais para resolver a questão nacional pendente, mas situa-se em um momento que a valorização e o reconhecimento das diferenças como potencialidade na construção de um Estado popular e democrático é limitada / This work aims to analyze the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Peru (CVR in Portuguese), and discusses the Commission\'s treatment of the impacts of the armed struggle of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso, PCP-SL) and the response of the Peruvian state for it. The territorial reference of our report is the southern Andean mountain range, particularly the department of Ayacucho. This region has one of the largest Quechua-speaking population in the country, it is where PCP-SL emerged and concentrated its actions, overall in the first six years of the 1980s, when the conflict left more victims and was more violent. For this reason, the focus of this work is the indigenous issue based on the question: howis it presented in the CVR Final Report? In order to interpret the Report, a discourse analysis was conducted on a historical and comparative contextualization of the document, and the selection of categories related to the ethnic-racial colonial horizon of Peruvian society: Indian, indigenous, peasant, mestizo, misti and cholo. Two field trips to Peru were made in order to complement strategies to collect and synthesize other data and information. The creation and work of the Commission have historic importance in the Latin American context. Its Report should be appreciated as an important starting point for new hypotheses, fieldwork and the collective and popular construction of plural and democratic country projects. As for the indigenous issue, the Final Report is the product of decades of dispute over political and intellectual positions, and as such, it presents advances, potentialities, contradictions and limits. The invisibility of the Andean indigenous people and the obscuring of the issue are, therefore, more akin to the problems inherent in these debates which preceded the Commission. The CVR is in a context of the depletion of mestizaje discourses as a bet by the political and intellectual elites to solve the pending national question, but it is at a time when the valorization and recognition of differences as potentialities in the construction of a Popular and democratic state is limited

In this contribution, we investigate the relationships between paid and unpaid work in the lifeworlds of employed informal carers against the background of the Austrian long-term care regime. We pursue a twofold argument: On the one hand, we emphasize that combining paid and unpaid work currently poses serious difficulties for employed family carers in their everyday lives and impacts their current and future financial and social security. On the other hand, we argue that the relationships between employment and informal care are in fact not well understood by the common concepts of "reconciliation" or "work-life balance". These concepts are not able to explain the complexities of employed carers' lived realities and fail to adequately address the fundamental contradiction in the idea of a "reconciliation" of paid and unpaid work.

Informed by archival data and oral history interviews, this dissertation explored stories of the lived experiences of the stakeholders of Mercer University’s Beloved Community. The goal was to gain insight into how higher educational institutions (HEIs) engaged community partners to address long-term racial injury through the process of racial reconciliation. This study included the insights of 18 participants in a racial reconciliation project named the Beloved Community; which began in 2005 and was sponsored by Mercer University, a private higher educational institution; formerly affiliated with the Georgia Baptist Convention. An aim of the project was to sustain a frank discourse within a safe, public forum, that would address the present and past injuries of racial segregation at the local church level and include the injured in problem solving. Mercer is one of few formerly segregated southern universities engaged in such an endeavor. The research questions were: 1) What do Mercer University’s Beloved Community stakeholders perceive as the primary goals of higher educational institutions in addressing racial reconciliation? 2) What are Mercer University’s Beloved Community stakeholders’ perceptions and lived experiences of racial reconciliation, through this project? 3) What patterns and contradictions are there in the stakeholders’ stories about their perceptions and lived experiences of racial reconciliation? The findings validate the research of Androff (2012) that reconciliation is a slow process, occurring at multiple levels, and provides insights into such an endeavor at a local level. Further, this study found that enactment of the project is influenced by social identity, collective memory, and intergroup interaction. A culture of social reconciliation, in the form of building interpersonal relationships and creating forums for racial dialogue, was the dominant form of reconciliation found within Mercer’s Beloved Community. This study is significant in examining the role of HEIs who include community partners to extend sustained scholarship, learning, and civic engagement.