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11	Kvinnan som den nödvändiga tomheten i mannens levnadskonst : en psykoanalytisk läsning av Bretons Nadja och Rodenbachs Det döda Brügge Birkholz, Emma January 2007 (has links) <p>The starting point of this essay was the frustration I felt after having read the novel Nadja (1928) written by the French surrealist André Breton. The title promises the story of someone called Nadja but the promise stays unfulfilled. Recognition of this phenomenon, where a man writes a book about a woman, but the woman hardly is seen, made me want to examine it further.</p><p>Using the theories of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan I analyze the relation between the male narrator and his female object. I also compare Nadja to a precursor: the novel Bruges-la-morte (1892) of the Belgian symbolist writer Georges Rodenbach. Their stories are, to a large degree, similar. The male main character meets a woman who becomes the center of his world for a short period of time, before he in Nadja rejects her, and in Bruges-la-morte kills her. What differentiates the two books mainly is, that whereas Breton uses Nadja as a tool to emancipate his unconscious in order to be able to create, Hugues tries to replace his dead wife with Jane in order to be able to desire a living object.</p><p>The setting for both stories is the City, which seems to be analogous to the Woman. I examine the possible interpretations of the notion of the City as it appears in the two novels.</p><p>The Lacanian notions of the Thing and objet petit a are essential for the understanding of the function of the Woman in these stories, I argue. Nadja is a femme-enfant, a muse, and the objet petit a for the male poet, i.e. the narrator of Nadja. Jane, the woman in Bruges-la-morte, is a femme fatale, and the Thing for the main character Hugues.</p> psykoanalys Jacques Lacan objet petit a Tinget surrealism André Breton femme-enfant musa symbolism Georges Rodenbach Staden Slavoj Žižek Literature Litteraturvetenskap
12	Kvinnan som den nödvändiga tomheten i mannens levnadskonst : en psykoanalytisk läsning av Bretons Nadja och Rodenbachs Det döda Brügge Birkholz, Emma January 2007 (has links) The starting point of this essay was the frustration I felt after having read the novel Nadja (1928) written by the French surrealist André Breton. The title promises the story of someone called Nadja but the promise stays unfulfilled. Recognition of this phenomenon, where a man writes a book about a woman, but the woman hardly is seen, made me want to examine it further. Using the theories of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan I analyze the relation between the male narrator and his female object. I also compare Nadja to a precursor: the novel Bruges-la-morte (1892) of the Belgian symbolist writer Georges Rodenbach. Their stories are, to a large degree, similar. The male main character meets a woman who becomes the center of his world for a short period of time, before he in Nadja rejects her, and in Bruges-la-morte kills her. What differentiates the two books mainly is, that whereas Breton uses Nadja as a tool to emancipate his unconscious in order to be able to create, Hugues tries to replace his dead wife with Jane in order to be able to desire a living object. The setting for both stories is the City, which seems to be analogous to the Woman. I examine the possible interpretations of the notion of the City as it appears in the two novels. The Lacanian notions of the Thing and objet petit a are essential for the understanding of the function of the Woman in these stories, I argue. Nadja is a femme-enfant, a muse, and the objet petit a for the male poet, i.e. the narrator of Nadja. Jane, the woman in Bruges-la-morte, is a femme fatale, and the Thing for the main character Hugues. psykoanalys Jacques Lacan objet petit a Tinget surrealism André Breton femme-enfant musa symbolism Georges Rodenbach Staden Slavoj Žižek Literature Litteraturvetenskap
13	Esthétique des mythologies individuelles Le dispositif photographique de Nadja à Sophie Calle Nachtergael, Magali 17 June 2008 (has links) (PDF) L'invention de la photographie a permis à l'individu moderne de documenter visuellement et de façon autonome son histoire personnelle. Les avant-gardes au vingtième siècle (surréalistes, situationnistes, artistes conceptuels) ont alors élevé au rang d'art ces traces indicielles des événements de la vie ordinaire ou de processus esthétiques à l'œuvre. Les productions artistiques et littéraires se sont alors recentrées sur l'expérience subjective de l'auteur au quotidien et Nadja d'André Breton marque l'avènement du récit autobiographique moderne illustré de photographies, à la manière d'un reportage sur soi-même. Cette conception du récit fragmentaire et hétérogène rejoint alors la notion de " mythologie " énoncée par Roland Barthes. Le dispositif photographique dans le texte, une des formes narratives privilégiées des médias, impose cette esthétique du récit à partir duquel le sujet moderne configure une apparence d'identité. Barthes dans les années soixante-dix pratique à son tour cette forme de récit-photo, en même temps que des artistes français comme Christian Boltanski dont les pratiques photo-textuelles ont été assimilées à des " mythologies individuelles ". Dans les années quatre-vingts, le principe est baptisé " photobiographie " alors que l'artiste Sophie Calle débute son activité artistique exclusivement consacrée à la production d'un récit de soi en images. Inspiré des cultural studies, ce travail étudie donc chronologiquement l'émergence de l'autobiographie illustrée de photographies, non pas en tant que genre mais plutôt en tant que pratique généralisée, en art et en littérature à travers la notion de " mythologie individuelle " comme esthétique de soi. autobiographie photographie histoire des représentations André Breton Roland Barthes Sophie Calle Christian Boltanski identité
14	Vztahy českých a francouzských surrealistů / The Relationships Between Czech and French Surrealists ŘEZÁČ, Jiří January 2012 (has links) The core of this work is research and analysis of documents, correspondence, memoir, and secondary reflection of relations among Czech and French surrealists, primarily from the area of literature. Attention is paid both, the Le grand jeu group and the group around Andre Breton. Based on comparisons and analysis that have been carried out, formation of mutual discursive dominant is described, together with way of their period interpretation.
15	Surréalisme africain et surréalisme français : influences, similitudes et différences / African surrealism and french surrealism : influences, similarities and differences Renouf, Magali 19 June 2013 (has links) Le surréalisme africain nécessite d’interroger la part de l’influence du surréalisme français. La terminologie implique, en effet, un lien entre l’écriture africaine et le mouvement français. Ce lien est mis en place à la fois par la critique et par les dialogues entre les deux univers. Senghor incite à considérer la part indépendante de ce surréalisme en évoquant un surréalisme négro-africain. Nous dégageons alors, derrière d’apparentes similitudes, des différences notables qui révèlent un surréalisme au service d’une compréhension du monde purement africaine. Le surréalisme africain serait l’expression de la perception traditionnelle africaine dont la forme s’apparente à celle mise en place par le mouvement parisien sans qu’il y ait nécessairement eu influence. / African Surrealism requires the question from the influence of French surrealism. Terminology implies, indeed, a link between African writing and the French movement. This link is established by both critics and the dialogues between the two worlds. Senghor encouraged to consider independent part of this surrealism evoking a black negro-african surrealism. We disclaim then behind apparent similarities, differences which reveal a surrealism in the service of understanding the world purely African. African surrealism is an expression of the traditional African perception whose shape is similar to that introduced by the Parisian movement without necessarily had influence. Littérature Surréalisme Négritude Poésie Roman Théâtre Afrique France Louis Aragon Olympe Bhêly-Quenum André Breton Aimé Césaire Michel Leiris Léopold Sédar Senghor Philippe Soupault Tchicaya U Tam’si Literature Surrealism Nigritude Poetry Novel Theater Africa France Louis Aragon Olympe Bhêly-Quenum André Breton Aimé Césaire Michel Leiris Léopold Sédar Senghor Philippe Soupault Tchicaya U Tam’si
16	Karel Teige, Jan Mukařovský a Bohuslav Brouk jako teoretikové surrealismu / Karel Teige, Jan Mukařovský and Bohuslav Brouk as Theorists of Surrealism Kuchařová, Markéta January 2016 (has links) The content of the thesis is the surrealistic object and its reflection among the czech theorists. The first part of the thesis describes the problematic of surrealistic object and subject-objective relations in surrealism. Breton's philosophical approach is introduced, as well as his concept of object's crisis. The first part also outlines the meaning of found object, concept of convulsive beauty and Dali's paranoic-critical method as a source of surrealistic imagery. The second part of the thesis is focused on the reflection of surrealistic object presentation and on relations between arts and reality according to the concepts of Jan Mukařovský. The third part of the thesis is dedicated to conceptualization of aesthetics of Bohuslav Brouk in the light of surrealism. In this part the scope of Brouk's understanding of subject-objective relations is briefly described, as well his interpretation of surrealistic object.The last part of the thesis outlines the Teige's conception of surrealistic work in the terms of the sources of surrealistic imagination.
17	Victor Brauner and the surrealist interest in the occult Darie, Camelia Dana January 2012 (has links) My research on Victor Brauner’s work in the first two decades of his affiliation with the Surrealist group in Paris re-establishes the role played by the Romanian Jewish artist in the definition of automatic Surrealist procedures of painting and mixed-technique objects that relied upon a new and unconventional understanding of the occult. In the three chapters of this study of Victor Brauner’s work in the 1930s and early 1940s, I analyse key notions, such as the fantastic, animal magnetism, and the occult practices of art making in a Surrealist context. The fantastic is discussed in the first chapter of the thesis from a literary perspective with political connotations in Surrealism, which resulted from a debate engaged in nineteenth-century French literature on the issue of the marvellous versus the fantastic. Due to the Surrealists’ interest in the fantastic a new category emerged, the fantastic art, which is examined in this first chapter in connection with Brauner’s artworks in the 1930s. The incursion into the fantastic, with focus on the premonition of the painter’s left eye loss in his artworks of the 1930s is completed with an approach to spiritualism that had a revival at the time. The second chapter of the thesis investigates the doctrine of animal magnetism and the state of magnetic somnambulism in eighteenth-century scholarship and shows how this experimentation had influenced the development of a new branch of the science, metapsychics or psychical research at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth one. I take into account and demonstrate that these outdated and modern domains of enquiry into the unknown and beyond reality were appealing to Surrealists, in particular to Brauner, due to their research into unconscious processes of the mind. I argue that through the attainment of a condition similar to the one of the somnambulist in sessions of magnetic sleep, the Surrealists aimed to generate automatic procedures of painting and object making. In the third chapter of the thesis I discuss Victor Brauner’s technique of drawing with a candle, or le cirage, as an automatic procedure of art developed in connection with the occult. This final part of the thesis makes also manifest the association of Brauner’s artworks in the early 1940s with practices of the occult in the near and centuries before past. 709.04
18	The nature of the marvelous in René Depestre’s Hadriana dans tous mes rêves Belleroche, Jean Élie, 1968- 26 July 2011 (has links) My goal is to study the nature of the Marvelous in René Depestre's Hadriana dans tous mes rêves. I want to demonstrate that René Depestre, in his novel, combines a number of surrealist or neo-surrealist premises that have influenced him as a Haitian writer. This goes beyond differences that can be discerned between the "Surrealist marvelous" endorsed by André Breton and the surrealists, and Alejo Capentier's "marvelous real"later proposed by Jacques Stephen Alexis as "marvelous realism" Depestre adapts Haitian natives' perceptions deep-rooted in their historical and social, cultural and religious past and ever-existing political and economical struggle. Taking into account both the surrealist perspective and the Haitian context, I shall address the complexity of the concept of the Marvelous and discuss Depestre's use of "zombification"as a form of metamorphosis, which preserves the mystical nature of Vodou as a religion that syncretizes the Roman Catholic ritual of exorcism of the Christian West and the animist and magical practices inherited from Africa. Scholars have explored the Marvelous and marvelous realism in Depestre's works as a whole, but not in Hadriana dans tous mes rêves specifically. The exclusive nature of this study will show that Depestre draws from Haiti's complex cultural ethos as well as from surrealism'es key principles, to create a hybrid Marvelous typical of Haiti and Depestre'es aesthetic as a writer. / text René Depestre Hadriana dans tous mes rêves Hadriana in all my dreams Marvelous in literature Jacques Stephen Alexis Marvelous realism Alejo Capentier Marvelous real Surrealism Haiti Zombification Pensée primitive Haitian Vodou Pierre Mabille Jacques Roumain Haitian literature 20th century Francophone literature André Breton
19	Zrcadlo reality v obrazech snů 19. a 20.století. Tvůrčí individualita versus chaos doby / The Mirror of Reality in the Imagery of Dreams of the 19th and 20th Centuries. Creative Individuality versus the Chaos of the Time Šmejkalová, Adriana January 2018 (has links) ANNOTATION: The work The Mirror of Reality in the Imagery of Dreams of the 19th and 20th Centuries - Creative Individuality versus the Chaos of the Time is based on the assumption that dreams are inseparably linked to the concept of existence in human life (Michel Foucault). The study touches on the ways in which dreams are depicted in visual culture that does not coincide with chronologically organized historical events, but is an expression of a free alliance between artists in the European space and centuries of common experience. These works are generally socially critical, exposed to unimaginable pressure from public censorship. The artist must pretend it is only an innocent game, a crazy idea, a whim. At the same time, these paintings are not an expression of boundless imagination, but they are subject to the firm rules of spatial construction of the painting. This is due to the traditional delimitation of dark depths - the underworld of Virgil's Saturn myth of pre-Roman culture, alternating with the vertically felt open heavens as variants of the original Plato's The Myth of Er, which in the 20th century paintings is replaced by the idea of an open landscape with illumination on the low horizon. The work deals with the work of Albrecht Dürer, his copperplate Melancholia I (1514) and his so-called...
20	Situace surrealistického subjektu / Situation of the Surrealist Subject Svěrák, Šimon January 2013 (has links) Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filosofická fakulta katedra estetiky Diploma thesis Šimon Svěrák Situation of the Surrealist Subject (abstract) 2012 thesis supervisor: prof. PhDr. Vlastimil Zuska, CSc. Abstract This thesis focuses on the situation of a substantial subject in the historical development of the surrealist experience and confronts it with our original postmodern interpretation of thoughts of early Marx. The surrealist consciousness is based on a dialectical opposition between rational and irrational elements of cognitive processes. André Breton apprehends this dialectics under the perspective of love life and relates it to values of love, freedom and poetry. Nevertheless, this conception changes in the immanent development of the surrealist consciousness from Breton over the work and thoughts Salvador Dalí and Mikuláš Medek to Vratislav Effenberger. Effenberger removes positive values from surrealism and puts emphasis on the critical functions of the irrational. On the psychological field, all these ideas are based on the conception of the unconscious which means there is the substantial approach in them. Our critical interpretation of Marx shows, that the surrealist concept of subject is in the contradiction with its substantial determination. The subject has to be perceived as the essential...

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