Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-24T14:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Sandra Maria Morgado Ferreira.pdf: 5136516 bytes, checksum: e234c7bb0d1e27b7d6b27300db893f18 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-24T14:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Sandra Maria Morgado Ferreira.pdf: 5136516 bytes, checksum: e234c7bb0d1e27b7d6b27300db893f18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30 / This research was conducted at the Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the Northeast Biotechnology Network - (PPGB - RENORBIO), Pernambuco, at Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, focusing graduate students of agriculture and animal husbandry research area during the period 2011-2014, as well as coordinators and teachers from the same area. The main objective was to demonstrate the impact of the former students performance in Pernambuco state. In order to complete this research objective, it was adopted a methodology of data collection in documentation research and descriptive field research. The investigative tools were semi-structured interviews; survey of Lattes curriculum and records and official documents of the graduated students of the program and the biotechnology area. The quantitative analysis of the collected data was conducted through programs like Excel, Adobe InDdesign and Adobe Illustrator. The qualitative analysis was performed by categorical analysis technique where the information is grouped by categories. The study was carried out on the profile of graduated students and their contribution for the development of the Pernambuco state, as well as the perception of the coordinators and teachers about the social and economic impact of the program for the state. The results showed the relevance of the program referred to the training of qualified personnel; to increase the scientific publication with the dissemination of new knowledge to society in general. Also, it was demonstrated the social and economic benefits for the people with new techniques, processes and products generated through the results of students' surveys / Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (PPGB - RENORBIO), Ponto Focal Pernambuco, na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, cujo universo de estudo foram os egressos da ?rea de concentra??o em agropecu?ria, durante o per?odo 2011-2014, bem como os coordenadores e professores da mesma ?rea. O objetivo principal foi demonstrar o impacto da atua??o dos egressos do PPGB ? RENORBIO no Estado de Pernambuco. A fim de atingir seus objetivos, foi adotada, como metodologia de coleta de dados, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo descritiva, cujas ferramentas investigativas foram: entrevistas semiestruturadas; levantamento dos curr?culos Lattes e fichas de registros de matr?cula dos egressos e documentos oficiais do programa e da ?rea de biotecnologia da CAPES. A an?lise quantitativa dos dados coletados foi realizada nos programas Excel, Adobe InDdesign e Adobe Illustrator. Para a an?lise qualitativa optou-se pela utiliza??o da t?cnica da an?lise categorial, onde as informa??es s?o agrupadas por categorias. O estudo foi desenvolvido sobre o perfil dos alunos egressos e a contribui??o da atua??o dos mesmos para o desenvolvimento do Estado de Pernambuco, bem como a percep??o dos coordenadores e professores quanto ao impacto social e econ?mico do programa para o estado. Como resultado, constatou-se a relev?ncia do programa para a forma??o de pessoal qualificado; o aumento do acervo bibliogr?fico com a divulga??o de novos conhecimentos para a sociedade em geral; e os benef?cios sociais e econ?micos gerados ? popula??o com as novas t?cnicas, processos e produtos oriundos da aplica??o pr?tica dos resultados das pesquisas dos egressos

The castle Vivesholm is located about two miles north of Klintehamn on the west side of Gotland. The castle was built around year 1395 and burned down in the end of the 14thcentury. Around the 17th and the 18th century the castle was re-used. However, the emphasis on its use is during the middle ages. This paper aims at getting an insight in the animal husbandry at Vivesholm by analyzing the osteological material. The analysis revealed that bones from sheep/goat were more common than bones from cattle. This means the inhabitants most probably eat meat from smaller herbivores more often than meat from cattle. Pigs have also been consumed at the castle but not in the same extent as sheep/goat and cattle. Hunting as well as fishing hasn’t had a significant role for the inhabitants of Vivesholm, at least not in terms of bones found from e.g. game and fish. The inhabitants of the castle probably had its own stock but also a supply of meat products from elsewhere. Further aim with this paper was to illustrate the use of the house foundations at Vivesholm. For this, the result from the osteological analysis was compared with the archaeological finds. The analysis revealed that Vivesholm probable were built to be in use for a long period, but when the castle was burned down in the end of the 14thcentury, the castle had an abrupt end. The different foundations, both within and outside the dyke, have been interpreted into a smithy, a storehouse, a house for cooking and a lodging house. Inside the northern parts of the castle there was a place for butchery and most of the osteological material comes from this place.

In Legehennenbeständen wurde die Schutzwirkung von vier Impfprogrammen, die der Zentralverband der Deutschen Geflügelwirtschaft e.V. empfiehlt und einer Impfung nach der Hühner-Salmonellen-Verordnung untersucht. Unterschiede in den Impfschemata konnten unter den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen nicht festgestellt werden. Eine Impfung gegen Salmonellen garantiert keine vollständige Elimination des Erregers, sondern eine Reduktion der Besiedelung der Organe sowie der Ausscheidung und der Eikontamination. Auch eine zusätzliche Impfung mit Inaktivatimpfstoffen erbrachte keinen effektiveren Schutz vor Salmonella Enteritidis und Salmonella Thyphimurium. Die Schutzwirkung einer Impfung ist am besten, wenn die Salmonellen-Exposition gering ist.

Disputats. Universität Hohenheim, 2005.

Darbo tikslas: Išanalizuoti ir palyginti gyvulių elgseną ir kiaulienos technologines bei juslines savybes auginat kiaules ekologinius reikalavimus atitinkančiose ir įprastinės gamybos sąlygose Darbo tikslui pasiekti išsikelti tokie uždaviniai: Įvertinti ekologinių ir įprastinių kiaulių auginimo būdų zoohigienines sąlygas; Atlikti Lietuvoje ekologiškai ir įprastiniu būdu išaugintų kiaulių mėsos juslinę analizę; Nustatyti talpinimo tankio įtaką kiaulių elgsenai ir technologinei mėsos kokybei; Nustatyti skirtingų kiaulių laikymo sąlygų įtaką gyvulių elgsenai ir technologinei mėsos kokybei; Pateikti pasiūlymus neigiamiems aplinkos veiksniams sumažinti siekiant gauti geresnės kokybės kiaulieną. Neskaitant padidėjusio susidomėjimo alternatyviais gyvulių laikymo būdais, šiuo metu atlikta nedaug darbų tyrinėjančių ekologinio kiaulių laikymo būdo įtaką kiaulienos kokybei. Taip pat daugumos mokslininkų atliktų tyrimų rezultatai parodė, kad ekologiškai augintų kiaulių mėsos kokybės rodikliai nėra nuoseklūs, o kartais net prieštaringi. Apibendrinus matyti, kad dauguma tyrėjų analizavo alternatyvių laikymo būdų įtaką tik produkcijos kokybei. Dėl to kartais sunku paaiškinti rezultatų nenuoseklumą. Lietuvoje tokio pobūdžio tyrimai atlikti pirmą kartą. Išnagrinėjus ekologinių ir įprastinių kiaulių auginimo būdų ypatumus ir jų įtaką produkcijos kokybei taip pat, kaip ir literatūroje, gauti nenuoseklūs rezultatai. Tačiau, įtraukus į tyrimus gyvulių elgsenos analizę, buvo galima tiksliau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of research: Despite an increased interest in alternative production systems for pig meat there are, to date, few and often inconsistent reports on how these changes in production systems affect pork quality. With a holistic approach, the overall objective of the thesis was to study the effects of production factors and to evaluate their impact on pig’s behavior, performance, technological and sensory meat quality Specific task for the present work were: to evaluate organic and conventional rearing conditions for pigs; make analysis of meat samples which were collected from organic and conventional pig farms from Lithuania; to access the effects of rearing space on growing pig’s behavior, performance and meat quality; to compare indoor and outdoor raising systems for growing/finishing pigs regarding behavior, performance and meat quality traits; to generalize conclusions of an optimized rearing system for pigs. A comprehensive investigation of the most common pig keeping techniques in Lithuania: restricted, spacious, enriched and with access to outside was carried out for the first time. An influence of those rearing conditions on pig’s behavior, performance and meat quality was estimated. It was established that pig rearing conditions has a big influence on animal’s behavior, performance and meat quality. Due to the strict organic animal husbandry regulations, lack of education and information, organic pork is not popular in Lithuania yet. According to the research... [to full text]

Biodiversity losses are often influenced by humans due to increased demand over natural resources and retaliatory killing of wildlife as a result of human–wildlife conflicts. Large carnivores are in decline globally due to the current human–carnivore conflicts. This study was conducted in the Maasai steppe of northern Tanzania to understand the role of traditional husbandry techniques in reducing livestock predation, herding challenges that place livestock at risk for predation, willingness of pastoralists to participate in schemes for livestock security improvement, and the role of Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) in mitigating human–carnivore conflicts. Data were collected using interviews with individuals in households and with herders in grazing fields and were reinforced with field observations. The primary husbandry strategies for livestock protection in homesteads were the bomas where livestock were enclosed at night, while in the grazing fields the strategies included: splitting livestock herds, herder among livestock, herder carrying weapons, and noise. There was no significant correlation between the wealth of an individual and the type of livestock protection strategy used at homesteads. All traditional strategies used by pastoral communities were equally ineffective in preventing livestock predation both at homesteads and in the grazing fields. However, over a four year period, there were no successful predations in any boma reinforced with chain-links, suggesting that reinforcing bomas with studier materials such as chain-link can be effective against livestock predation. Grazing in groups was found to provide more effective livestock protection in the grazing fields than any other strategy. While losing livestock by herders in the grazing fields contributed most to increased livestock predation, other herding challenges exposing livestock to predation included the seasonal nomadic lifestyle and long distances travelled by pastoral communities. The majority of respondents (91%) were willing to improve their livestock security by the use of chain-link fences at homesteads, while 87% were willing to participate in an insurance scheme for livestock security. Neither experience of livestock attack nor level of awareness of insurance scheme influenced willingness to participate in the scheme. There is growing awareness among pastoral communities of the benefits provided by carnivores and wildlife at large. Therefore, major conservation agencies such as TANAPA, Wildlife Division (WD) and other stakeholders should focus more than they have been on addressing the actual conflicts i.e. human–carnivore conflicts and helping to improve husbandry practices against predation to achieve conservation objectives by reducing retaliatory killing of carnivores.

Animals were integral to the ancient world. Quadrupeds, particularly the horse, were vital to the Roman world for the military, the circus, and the cursus publicus. Livestock, especially oxen and sheep, were deeply ingrained in this agrarian culture both as a work animal and as a food source. Due to the nature of their duties, these animals suffered injuries and illnesses. In order to combat these ailments, the Romans employed animal doctors known as mulomedici, veterinarii, or ἱππιατροί. Until recently, scholarship for the Roman veterinarian has focused on philology and medicine. The veterinarian, however, is a part of Roman society and thus requires study within context. The veterinary treatises – Hippiatrica, the works of Vegetius and Pelagonius, and the Mulomedicina Chironis – and archaeological evidence attest to the animal doctor as a profession and further indicate that the veterinarian was socially, economically, and agriculturally significant to the Roman world. / Graduate

In zwei Legehennenställen mit den Volieresystemen Natura 60 und High Rise 3 wurden Stallklima und Emissionen untersucht. Die ermittelten Kenndaten wie Lufttemperatur und -feuchte, Stallstaub, Luftkeime und Geruch sowohl im Stallraum als auch im Abluftstrom wurden mit vorliegenden Kenndaten anderer Volieresysteme verglichen. Die untersuchten Haltungssysteme unterscheiden sich in den Ammoniakemissionen (88 bzw. 32 g/Tierplatz und Jahr). Die Messwerte liegen am unteren bzw. oberen Rand vergleichbarer Messungen anderer Volieresysteme. Die Untersuchungen belegen, dass häufig durchgeführte Kotbandentleerungen die Emissionen mindern. Die Staubbelastung der Abluft (66 bzw. 47 g/Tierplatz und Jahr) war im Vergleich zu anderen Volieresystemen (146 g/Tierplatz und Jahr) deutlich gemindert. Der Effekt ist konstruktionsbedingt und wird auf die treppenhausartige Anordnung der Volieren und das dadurch veränderte Bewegungsverhalten der Legehennen zurückgeführt. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse lassen einen deutlichen Einfluss der Abluftstromführung erkennen. Die ermittelten Geruchsemissionen (9 bzw. 24 GE/GV*s) sind differenziert und ordnen sich in den bisherigen Kenndatenbereich für Volierenhaltungen ein.

Bei den Fleischrinderrassen Angus, Fleckvieh und Limousin wurde untersucht, inwieweit Rasseunterschiede und biotechnische Verfahren den Erfolg der Künstlichen Besamung (KB) beeinflussen. Im Ergebnis sollen optimale Zeitspannen für die KB nach verschiedenen Hormonapplikationen abgeleitet werden. Bei 40 von insgesamt 88 besamten Tieren konnten mittels Ultraschalluntersuchung 34 Tage nach der KB Trächtigkeiten nachgewiesen werden. Der Besamungserfolg war bei Kühen etwas größer als bei Färsen, bei Fleckvieh etwas geringer als bei den anderen Rassen. Bei Tieren, deren Gelbkörper zum Zeitpunkt der PGF2α-Gabe einen Hohlraum aufweist, sollte die anschließende KB nur bei guter Brunstsymptomatik stattfinden. Hinsichtlich des KB-Termins erscheint eine Besamung bei gleichzeitiger GnRH-Gabe 68 bis 70 Stunden nach PGF2α-Injektion am sinnvollsten. Die Zeitspanne zwischen PGF2α-Injektion und Ovulation lag im Mittel bei 85 Stunden.

In 19 sächsischen Milchviehbetrieben wurden im Feldversuch spermatologische Parameter sowie Trächtigkeits- und Abkalbeergebnisse ermittelt. Das Tiefgefriersperma wurde in fünf unterschiedlichen Aufbereitungen nach einem definierten Versuchsdesign hergestellt und eingesetzt. Dabei wurde geschlechtsspezifisch differenziertes (gesextes) Sperma im Vergleich zu nicht gesextem in Verbindung mit unterschiedlichen Verdünnervarianten, u.a. Sexcess®, genutzt. Bei Einsatz von gesextem Sperma mit Verdünner Sexcess® wurden Trächtigkeitsraten über 60 % und im Abkalbeergebnis 90 % weibliche Kälber erreicht. Bei nicht gesextem Sperma konnten mit Sexcess® bei deutlich verringerten Spermakonzentrationen gute Besamungsergebnisse erzielt werden.