This thesis contributes to the knowledge of museology, anthropology and Native American studies. It is an analysis of the discourse that surrounded The Spirit Sings: Artistic Traditions of Canada's First Peoples, an exhibition prepared by the Glenbow in Calgary as the 'flagship' of the Olympic Arts Festival in 1988. After the Lubicon Indians of Northern Alberta called for a boycott of The Spirit Sings, in attempt to draw critical attention to their long outstanding lands claim, a large and heated debate ensued involving several disciplines, particularly anthropology and museology. Much of this debate took place in the print media, therefore a large body of material remains to be reviewed and studied. The intent of this thesis is to illustrate that the issue of museological representation of First Nations was one of the most central themes discussed in the discourse, but to argue that the major players dealt with this issue on only the most concrete level and therefore largely neglected to recognize that the issue of First Nation's representation was not just a concern over museum interpretation but more importantly an issue of the contested authenticity of national and cultural claims. / vi, 335 p. ; 29 cm.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the use of the pidgin Fanakalo as a trade language in rural KwaZulu-Natal: its birth under certain historical circumstances; its spread; its apparent growth, post-1990, as new immigrants continue to enter the country and acquire and use Fanakalo out of expediency; and the reasons why Fanakalo continues to thrive in certain contexts. It focuses specifically on similarities between the relations between Gujarati traders and their customers in the 19th century and the relations that exist between Gujarati and Pakistani traders and their Zuluspeaking customers today. Data was collected primarily through semi-structured interviews with nine Gujarati traders – two born in South Africa and the others recent immigrants – five Pakistani traders and ten Zulu speakers, of which two were employees of traders while the others were customers. The results of the data analysis suggest the principles of expediency and non-intimacy may provide a space where Fanakalo can continue to flourish. Pidgins are a neglected element in the study of intercultural communication and the study endeavours to provide pointers for further research in this field. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die gebruik van die kontaktaal Fanakalo as ‘n handelstaal in nie-stedelike KwaZulu-Natal: die ontstaan daarvan onder sekere historiese omstandighede; die verspreiding daarvan; die waarskynlike groei daarvan, na 1990 met die arrivering van nuwe immigrante wat Fanakalo aanleer en gebruik uit gerief; en die redes waarom Fanakalo voortbestaan en floreer in sekere kontekste. Die spesifieke fokus is die soortgelyke verhoudinge tussen Gujarati-handelaars en hulle klante in die negentiende eeu, en tussen Gujarati- en Pakistani-handelaars en hulle Zoeloesprekende klante vandag. Inligting is hoofsaaklik deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude ingewin met nege Gujarati-handelaars – twee in Suid-Afrika gebore en die ander onlangse immigrante – vyf Pakistani-handelaars en tien Zoeloesprekendes, waarvan twee werknemers van handelaars en agt klante was. ‘n Analise van die gegewens dui daarop dat die beginsels van gerief of doelmatigheid, en ongemeensaamheid ‘n ruimte mag skep waarin Fanakalo sal voortbestaan. Die studie van kontaktale behoort meer aandag te geniet in die veld van interkulturele kommunikasie, en hierdie tesis poog om ‘n bydrae daartoe te lewer.

[pt] O avanço da modernidade é um marco na história da teologia. Pois, com ele, também se acentua o caráter antropocêntrico moderno. O ser humano, com suas criações e descobertas, caminha para tomar o lugar de Deus e da cosmovisão cristã clássica, caracterizando um giro antropológico moderno. Naturalmente, esta situação de dualismo moderno envolvendo o ser humano e Deus acaba por exigir alguma reação por parte das teologias cristãs. Algumas acham a saída para tal problema na própria figura humana, fazendo dela um novo caminho através do qual é possível falar de Deus. Tal atitude caracteriza um giro antropológico, na teologia. Nessa dissertação, serão apontadas as atitudes básicas de uma teologia que se propõe a realizar tal giro antropológica, cujo teórico principal é o teólogo jesuíta Karl Rahner, enfatizando alguns de seus desdobramentos acerca da questão de Deus. Este caminho será feito para que, ao fim, seja possível expor a construção teológica de Paul Tillich acerca da questão de Deus em sua Teologia Sistemática, levantando a hipótese de que, nela, ele realiza o giro antropológico necessário a toda teologia que pretende reagir ao antropocentrismo moderno. Isto mostra que a possibilidade de Deus não recai, necessariamente, no desprezo ao ser humano e seus avanços. / [en] The modernity advance is a mark in the history of Theology. And because of this progress, the anthropocentric character of modernity is also accentuated. The human being, with his creations and discoveries, walks to take the place of God and the classical Christian worldview, which characterizes a modern anthropological twist. Naturally, this situation of modern dualism involving human being and God asks for some reaction of the Christian theologies. Some of them find the solution for this problem at the human figure itself, making of it a new way through what is possible to talk about god. Such attitude characterizes an anthropological twist in the theology. This dissertation will show the basic attitudes of a theology that propose itself on realizing such anthropological twist, whose the main theorist is the Jesuit theologian Karl Rahner, emphasizing some of its developments about the question of God. This way will be done in order to make the exposition of Paul Tillich s theological construction about the question of God on his Systematic Theology possible, raising the hypothesis that he realizes the anthropological twist in his work, which is necessary to any theology that aims to react to the modern anthropocentrism. Thus, it shows that the possibility of God does not necessarily end in contempt for human being and his advances.

This thesis attempts to use a microhistorical and historical-anthropological approach, based on records from still existing chronicles of the parish of Bohumilice, to reconstruct the everyday life of people in this region in the time period of 1922 - 1948. On the background of great historic events and based on testimonies of individual participants from given region, a colourful tapestry of people's behaviour, actions and perception is being revealed. The thesis is divided into six chapters, in the first one the author specifies the geography, economy and development of administration in the given region, the second chapter follows with history of the centre of the parish, the village of Bohumilice, the local church and school. Chapters three to five deal with the state of chronicle writing in the region. At first a description of all still existing chronicles is given, later follows an outline of records in individual chronicles in the given time period, and finally the personalities of chroniclers are presented. In the sixth chapter the author attempts, based on chroniclers? testimonies, to reconstruct everyday life in the village, the behaviour, actions and primarily the perception of its inhabitants.

The community development issue faced by the Christian mission in Central African Republic was the topic of this work. Due to multiple insecurity and political instability causes, it has created many negatives effects, especially on the poor population and Christian Churches. Ideally, the Christian mission through the Ngoubagara Baptist Church when faced with Central African Republic tragic and successive socio-politic wars should have been to promote community development, peace, social justice, education for all, good health, national reconciliation, respect for human rights and to denounce all harm and discrimination against the human being. The church has a sacred mission to announce the gospel to all humanity and to assist the people towards the positive transformation of Central African Republic. This study will be of help to missiological scholars and to the church so that it may better carry out its prophetic and holistic missions according to God’s vision and with the purpose to change the Central African society. In fact, Christian church as well as Ngoubagara Baptist Church can be the voice of millions of voiceless people regarding poverty, joblessness, rebel wars and rethink community development issues. Through its missionary work, can be the main factor in transforming Central African Republic society, because, the church should “face the difficulties of the present time, not with ready-made answers or simplistic, over-simplifying ideologies, but with a realistic attitude and with discernment. This is the church’s duty of scrutinizing the signs of the times and of interpreting them in the light of the Gospel” (Czerny 2012:70). The church mission is supposed to be a continuation of Jesus Christ’s ministry, which is total salvation. However, human being development is a church work matter, in touching body, soul and spirit. The Ngoubagara Baptist Church’s prophetic and holistic mission duty should be the life and dignity of the Central African people. Then, missiology can promote community development where Christians can play an important leadership role. The lack of such leadership affects individuals and communities negatively. The church should be present in the world and guide the people. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

ANTROPOLOGICKÝ SERIÁL - Kognitívne a semiotické modely kultury Abstract /english version/: The author of the thesis has developed a methodological framework of visual anthropology by collecting relevant information concerning the subject and by verifying this knowledge practically in an authentic living environment. This interconnection represents the main twist in the methodology, which turns away from the informative and interpretative version of ethnographic (anthropological) film and moves towards its functional, socio-cultural analysis. The subject of the thesis is an interdisciplinary research and possibilities of applying cognitive and semiotic analytical schemes into the process of directing an anthropological series. The entire project of an authentic ethnographic research and the film tumenge (I., II., III.) attempt to display the interethnical relations in the village Palota in the North-East of Slovakia, particularly bringing the life in the local Roma settlement and its individual members into sharp focus.

Notre recherche porte sur l’analyse d’un processus spécifique d’apprentissage par le concept d’ingegno du philosophe napolitain Giambattista Vico : La pratique du débat de l’Ecole Gelugpa du bouddhisme tibétain. Dans une première partie, à travers une anthropologie de son geste et de son imaginaire, nous présentons le déploiement de l’ingegno et la dimension transdisciplinaire de cette pratique traditionnelle de formation. Dans une deuxième partie, nous utilisons l’outil AT9 pour faire une lecture herméneutique de l’imaginaire de moines tibétains pratiquant le débat. A travers les projections de soi que constituent les AT9 réalisés, nous cherchons les traces des projections des apprentissages et leur dimension transdisciplinaire. Nous concluons ou plutôt offrons aux praticiens transdisciplinaires, la mise en débat d’un outil transdisciplinaire transformateur des pratiques de formation telles que les nôtres se sont métamorphosées au long cours de notre apprentissage de chercheur / Our research focuses on the analysis of a specific process of learning: The concept of ingegno by the Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico: The practice of the debate of the Gelugpa School of Tibetan Buddhism. In the first section, through an anthropology of its gesture and its imagination, we present the deployment of ingegno and transdisciplinary dimension of this traditional practice of education. In the second section, we use the tool AT9 to do a hermeneutic reading from the imagination of the Tibetan monks in the process of discussions. Through the projections themselves, that constitute the AT9 realized, we looked for traces of projections of learning and their transdisciplinary dimension. It is concluded, or rather offered to the transdisciplinary practitioners, the debate of a transforming tool of the transdisciplinary training practices, such as ours have been transformed during the course of our learning researcher

This study explores representation and use of indigenous heritage constructs with a view to identifying implications thereof for the quality and relevance of heritage education practices in post colonial southern Africa. Framed within a critical hermeneutic research paradigm under-laboured by critical realist ontology, the study was conducted using a multiple case study research design. The data collection protocol was three-phased, starting with a process of contextual profiling, within which insights were gained into discourses shaping the constitution and orientation of heritage education practices at the Albany Museum in South Africa, the Great Zimbabwe Monument in Zimbabwe and the Supa Ngwao Museum in Botswana. The second phase of data collection entailed modelling workshops in which educators engaged in discussion around the status of heritage education in post apartheid South Africa. This highlighted, through modelled lessons, some of the tensions, challenges and implications for working with notions of social transformation and inclusivity in heritage education. The third phase of data collection involved in-depth interviews. Twelve purposively selected research participants were interviewed between 2010 and 2011. Data generated across the study was processed and subjected to different levels of critical discourse analysis. Besides noting how heritage education in post colonial southern Africa is poorly framed and under-researched, this study revealed that current forms of representing indigenous heritage constructs are influenced more by socio-political discourses than the need to protect and conserve local heritage resources. The study also noted that the observed heritage education practices are oriented more towards addressing issues related to marginalisation and alienation of indigenous cultures and practices, than enhancing learners’ agency to manage and utilise local heritage resources in a more sustainable ways. Based on these findings the study recommends re-positioning heritage education within the framework of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). ESD acknowledges both issues of social justice and the dialectical interplay between nature and culture; as such, it may allow for representation and use of indigenous heritage constructs in ways that expand current political orientations to include sustainability as an additional objective of heritage education. Given that little research focusing on heritage education has been undertaken within southern Africa, the findings of this study provide a basis upon which future research may emerge.

[pt] Com este trabalho, pretende-se estudar e confrontar os pressupostos antropológicos e teológicos de duas diferentes concepções de economia: os da economia atualmente preponderante, calcada no individualismo e no utilitarismo e os de um novo modelo econômico recente e bem menos conhecido, de raízes cristãs, a Economia de Comunhão (EdC). Paradoxalmente, a EdC é ainda pouco conhecida em meio católico e assim esta dissertação toma também para si a tarefa de contribuir para um seu melhor entendimento. Estamos muito distantes de conceber a EdC como um novo modo de agir econômico, uma nova forma de gestão empresarial ou de economia solidária, buscando mostrar, isto sim, que a EdC é sobretudo uma opção antropológica e espiritual que transborda estes territórios, desembocando na prática empresarial e deitando suas raízes em uma específica concepção do ser humano. O trabalho inclui uma descrição da própria EdC, suas origens, características e implicações teológicas, sua história e pré história, sua identidade e missão, bem como as visões críticas a seu respeito. Como parte indispensável, a dimensão propriamente antropológico-teológica da EdC e a concepção típica da antropologia teológica cristã em geral serão estudadas e comparadas. / [en] The aim of this work is to study and confrontate the anthropological and theological bases of two different concepts of economy: that currently practicized, based on individualism e and utilitarianism and another one, based on a quite recent and less known model, the Christian rooted Economy of Communion (EoC). It may sound as a contradiction, but the EoC remains a less known phemomenon among catholics, e so this dissertation assumes as its task do contribute to a better understanding of EoC. We are very far from concepting EoC as a new way of economical action, a new form of managegment or of solidary economy. On the contrary, we try to show that EoC is above all an anthropological and spiritual option that overflows such fields, in the direction of manamagent practice – and having its roots in a specifical conception of the human being. Our work includes a description of EoC itself, its origens, characteristics and theological implications, its history and a e pré-history, its identity and missão, as well as the critical points of view against her. As a mandatory part of our study, the properly anthropological and theological dimensions of EoC and the typical conception of Christian theology in general will be studied and compared.

Orientador: Chritina de Rezende Rubim / Banca: Ana Lúcia Pastore Schritzmeyer / Banca: José Geraldo Poker / Banca: Jayme Wanderley Gasparoto / Banca: Gilberto Giacóia / Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem sido notado no campo do direito um significativo aumento do interesse pelo referencial teórico e metodológico fornecido pela antropologia. No entanto, e apesar de algumas relevantes contribuições direcionadas a uma aproximação entre a antropologia e o direito, o fato é que a antropologia jurídica, ao menos no cenário acadêmico nacional, ainda ressente de uma maior reflexão sobre o seu espaço epistemológico e possibilidades práticas. Nesse âmbito de análise, e partindo do pressuposto de que o conhecimento reivindicado de forma autônoma pelo direito e pela antropologia representam, sobretudo, domínios de saber que se expressam como discursos históricos, o presente estudo apresenta duas finalidades: primeiramente, identificar os fundamentos e as possibilidades de análise do discurso jurídico-antropológico através de uma leitura dos seus principais referenciais epistemológicos; e, num segundo momento, desenvolver uma etnografia do discurso jurídico no campo cultural da execução penal sob a proposta de uma antropologia do conhecimento / Abstract: In recent years it has been noticed in the field of law a significant increase in interest in the theoretical and methodological framework provided by anthropology. However, despite some outstanding contributions aimed at a rapprochement between anthropology and law, the fact is that anthropology of law, at least in the national academic scene, still lacks a major reflection on your epistemological space and practical possibilities. Within this framework of analysis, and assuming that the knowledge claimed autonomously by law and anthropology especially represent areas of knowledge that are expressed as historical discourses, this study has two purposes: first, identify the reasons and possibilities of discourse analysis, legal and anthropological frames; and, second, to develop an ethnography of legal discourse in the cultural field of criminal enforcement under the proposal for an anthropology of knowledge / Doutor