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211	股東會決議瑕疵連鎖效應之研究－以選任董事決議瑕疵為中心 / A Study for chain of defect of shareholder meeting of the company－focus on the election of directors of the resolution 陳宣至, Chen Hsuen Chin Unknown Date (has links) 關於股東會決議之瑕疵，依我國目前法律與實務通說下，共有三種類型：股東會決議無效、不存在與得撤銷。惟我國公司法並未規範一旦法院判決認定股東會決議無效、不存在或撤銷股東會決議後之法律效果為何，若將具瑕疵之決議限縮於選任董事之決議上，則不具董事身分之人擔任公司董事一職下，由於訴訟程序冗長，此段期間公司對外之法律關係(或董事代表公司所為之法律行為)、公司與不具董事身分之人間之法律關係及公司後續的程序召集上，其法律效果為何？日本學說上提出「連鎖瑕疵」闡述此問題。我國公司法學者通說採取對外類推適用表見代理、對內適用無因管理之見解；惟本文以為此見解將生諸多疑問，故本文參考英國法、美國法與日本學說上之見解，介紹英國公司法第161條規定並採取「事實上董事理論」以嘗試解決此問題。最後並進一步探究股東會決議瑕疵所產生的後續相關法律問題。 / According to the current law and common practice, there are three types of the defect of shareholder meeting of the company. There are void resolution, no resolution, and annulment of such resolution. However, our corporate law didn’t regulate the results once the court makes the verdict of the above mentioned types of defects of shareholder meeting of the company. If the defect of shareholder meeting of the company could be restrained on the election of directors of the resolution, while the person who was disqualified to act as a director is still in charge, the legal effect of the company’s external legal affairs, also the relationship between the company and the disqualified director, and the assembly of the meeting remain discussible. The Japanese scholars bring up a theory called the chain of defect to elaborate the upper mentioned problem. Our corporate law scholars mainly consider that the legal effect of the company’s external legal affairs should be an apparent agent situation. The company’s internal legal affairs, such as the relationship between the company and the disqualified director, and the assembly of the meeting should think as a management of affairs without mandate situation. However, my article considers that the previous perspective remains plenty of doubtful points. For this reason, my article would refer to the Companies Act 2006 (United Kingdom Company Law), Laws of the United States, and Japan’s legal theories. Moreover, I would introduce the Sec.161 of the Companies Act 2006, and adopt the theory of de facto directors in order to solve the problem. Eventually, I would analyze the extended and related legal problems of the defect of shareholder meeting of the company. 股東會決議瑕疵事實上董事理論選任董事決議表見代理無因管理 de facto director apparent agent management of affairs without mandate
212	Etude mathématique de modèles de couches visqueuses pour des écoulements naturels / Mathematical study of viscous layer models for natural ows Legrand, Mathilde 03 November 2016 (has links) Le système de Saint Venant est répandu pour modéliser des fluides dont la hauteur est inférieure au domaine d'écoulement. Son écriture nécessite des hypothèses sur le profil de vitesse pour connaître le flux de la quantité de mouvement ainsi que le cisaillement sur le fond. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à un couplage entre un fluide parfait et une couche visqueuse dans l'esprit des couches limites interactives (IBL) introduites en aéronautique. Cette interaction nous permet de proposer un terme de friction en adéquation avec les attentes physiques au regard de la position du maximum local. Une part importante de cette thèse est donc consacrée à la compréhension de la couche visqueuse dans laquelle la recherche du profil de vitesse est cantonnée. Cette étude se décompose en l'écriture des équations de Prandtl puis en l'établissement de l'équation de von Kármán. Cette dernière met en jeu les quantités nécessaires à la définition du flux recherché et est donc un élément clé de la fermeture du système. Des résultats numériques viennent illustrer le modèle obtenu par le couplage entre le fluide parfait et la couche visqueuse. Le dernier chapitre expose deux formulations alternatives obtenues d'un point de vue d'un écoulement d'un fluide parfait dont les conditions sur les bords du domaine sont modifiées, soit par une condition de transpiration définie sur le fond, soit par une modification du domaine enlien avec une topographie apparente. / Shallow Water system is widely used for flows when the depth is smaller than the longitudinal scale. The establishment needs some hypothesis on the velocity profile in order to describe the moment flux and the shear stress on ground. In this thesis, we present a two layer decomposition of the fluid between an ideal fluid and a viscous layer in the spirit of the Interactive Boundary Layer (IBL) introduced in aeronautics. This interaction leads to obtain in our equations a friction term which fits with the physical expectations for the local maximum. So a major part of this work is interested in the comprehension of the viscous layer where the velocity profile is confined. The study is based on the writing of Prandtl equations then the establishment of the von Kármán equation. The last one contains the necessary quantities for a definition of the researched flux. Also this equation is essential for a closure of the system. Some numerical results illustrate the proposed model with the association of ideal fluid ans viscous layer. A last chapter presents two alternatives formulations of the model based on an ideal fluid with modified boundary conditions. The first one keeps the same domain but has a transpiration boundary. Eaux peu profondes Fluide parfait Couche visqueuse Couche limite Epaisseur de déplacement Friction Condition de transpiration Topographie apparente Equation de von Kármán Equations de Prandtl Shallow water Ideal fluid Viscous layer Boundary layer Displacement thickness Friction Transpiration boundary condition Apparent topography Von Kármán equation Prandtl equations 515.353
213	Influences de la pluviométrie sur la stabilité de talus routiers: méthodologie adaptée pour l'évaluation du profil hydrique temporel du sol et sa prise en compte dans les calculs de stabilité en Haïti Rameau, Hugues Georges 15 December 2010 (has links) Les routes sont normalement pourvues de systèmes de drainage dimensionnés et exécutés conformément aux règles de l’art en vue d’évacuer, le plus rapidement possible de l’emprise de la route, les eaux des précipitations à considérer sur la base des périodes de retour prises en compte. Toutefois, il subsiste souvent des écoulements d’eau indésirables au niveau des talus et parfois dans les accotements et/ou les surfaces de roulement non imperméabilisées. Une succession de pluies entraîne des infiltrations d’eau qui varient notamment en fonction des conditions climatiques et suivant la texture et la structure du sol. De telles infiltrations ont pour conséquence la réduction des coefficients de sécurité des talus.<p><p>Bien qu’il existe plusieurs publications scientifiques traitant de pluies qui ont conduit à des glissements de terrain (Lim et al. 1996 ;Cho et al. 2001 ;Kim et al. 2004 ;Xue et al. 2007 ;Gavin et al. 2008), les incidences des infiltrations résultant de pluies successives sur le comportement des couches superficielles des sols non saturés ne sont généralement pas prises en compte. Les modèles permettant le calcul de la stabilité de talus des massifs de sols non saturés exigent beaucoup de paramètres parfois difficiles à évaluer et se rapportent ordinairement aux cas d’instabilité provoqués par une remontée du niveau piézométrique des nappes phréatiques.<p><p>Sur la base des essais réalisés en laboratoire, une méthodologie adaptée permettant d’évaluer la variation spatio-temporelle de la teneur en eau du sol en fonction d’une suite de pluies a été développée. Cette méthodologie facilite la prise en compte des effets cumulés des taux d’infiltration associés aux évènements pluvieux et permet d’en déduire le profil de succion ainsi que celui de la cohésion apparente à utiliser en vue de calculer, pour une inclinaison β du talus, l’intervalle de variation du coefficient de sécurité Fs. La méthodologie développée présente un intérêt particulier dans le cas de budgets et infrastructures limités.<p><p>ABSTRACT<p><p>Roads are normally equipped with drainage systems sized and implemented in accordance with the rules of art to evacuate as quickly as possible to the right of way, water precipitation to be considered on the basis of return periods taken into account. However, there are often water flows at the slope side and sometimes in the shoulders and / or running surfaces that are not waterproof. A succession of rain causes a certain amount of water infiltration, which varies according to climatic conditions and depending on the soil texture and structure. Such infiltrations have resulted in reduced safety factor of slopes.<p><p>Although there are several scientific publications on rainfall leading to landslides (Lim et al. 1996; Cho et al. 2001, Kim et al. 2004; Xue et al. 2007; Gavin and al. 2008), impacts resulting from infiltration of successive rains on the behavior of surface layers of unsaturated soils are usually not taken into account. Models for calculating the slope stability of unsaturated soils require many parameters that can be, in certain circumstances, difficult to assess and refer generally to cases of instability caused by a rise in groundwater level.<p><p>Based on laboratory tests, a suitable methodology for assessing the spatial and temporal variation of soil water content induced by a set of rains has been developed. This methodology facilitates the inclusion of the cumulative effects of the infiltration rates associated with rain events and infers from them the profile of suction and that of the apparent cohesion to be used to calculate, for a slope angle β, the range of variation of the safety factor Fs. This methodology is particularly relevant in the case of limited budgets and infrastructures. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Bâtiments génie civil transports Sciences de l'ingénieur Rain and rainfal -- Measurement -- Haiti Road drainage -- Haiti Soil moisture -- Haiti Soil infiltration rate -- Haiti Pluviométrie -- Haïti Routes -- Drainage -- Haïti Sols -- Humidité -- Haïti Taux d'infiltration -- Haïti Cohésion apparente Stabilité de pentes Sol non saturé Pluviométrie Infiltration Succion Coefficient de sécurité Safety factor Apparent Cohesion Rainfall Unsaturated soil Stability of Slopes Suction
214	Sledování vlastností kvasinek v průběhu kvašení piva / Investigation of yeast properties during the beer fermentation Kociánová, Lenka January 2008 (has links) In this diploma thesis, the properities of brewery’s yeasts during the operation beer fermentation in the selected brewery and dependences of diferent agents and their influence on viability and vitality of the yeasts were studied. Other observed properities were physiological state, pH, temperature, a value of soft and coarse sludges, a value of dissolved oxygen in wort, the level of wort’s fermentation. It were collected the samples of fermenting wort and washing yeasts for determination. The used yeasts were observed from the first time until thein last used (generally 4 times). pH, temperature, apparent fermenting and total numer of yeast cells were measured in the collected samples. The used yeasts were washed before every other application and vitality was determined. The number of death cells were observed by this method. The number of death cells never fell bellow 5 %. The value of dissolved oxygen in wort is also the important agent for the growth of yeasts. The touchs with low number of oxygen showed that the time for fermentation had to be longer (by about 3 or 4 days more). The touchs with higher number of sludges showed that the sludges haven’t any influence on the yeasts and the procces of fermentation. Confirm the accuracy of the repeated used of the yeasts was the object of this thesis.
215	Analýza vlastností provozních kapalin / Analysis of operating fluids properties Chrobák, Jan January 2012 (has links) This diploma thesis is focused on introducing the mathematical and physical fundamentals of viskosity, density and refractive index of liquids and methods of its measurement. Based on available literatures specify review of areas in which the measurement of dynamic viscosity is used for evaluation the actual state of liquid materials. Discuss the possibility of using for example variables to determine the concentration of fat in milk and ethanol in alcoholic beverages. The sample of liquid to realize the practical measurements.
216	Voltage Transients in the Field Winding of Salient Pole Wound Synchronous Machines : Implications from fast switching power electronics Felicetti, Roberto January 2021 (has links) Wound Field Synchronous Generators provide more than 95% of the electricity need worldwide. Their primacy in electricity production is due to ease of voltage regulation, performed by simply adjusting the direct current intensity in their rotor winding. Nevertheless, the rapid progress of power electronics devices enables new possibilities for alternating current add-ins in a more than a century long DC dominated technology. Damping the rotor oscillations with less energy loss than before, reducing the wear of the bearings by actively compensating for the mechanic unbalance of the rotating parts, speeding up the generator with no need for additional means, these are just few of the new applications which imply partial or total alternated current supplying of the rotor winding. This thesis explores what happens in a winding traditionally designed for the direct current supply when an alternated current is injected into it by an inverter. The research focuses on wound field salient pole synchronous machines and investigates the changes in the field winding parameters under AC conditions. Particular attention is dedicated to the potentially harmful voltage surges and voltage gradients triggered by voltage-edges with large slew rate. For this study a wide frequency band simplified electromagnetic model of the field winding has been carried out, experimentally determined and validated. Within the specific application of the fast field current control, the research provides some references for the design of the rotor magnetic circuit and of the field winding. Finally the coordination between the power electronics and the field winding properties is addressed, when the current control is done by means of a long cable or busbars, in order to prevent or reduce the ringing. apparent resistance cable modeling current control transmission line model eddy currents field winding frequency analysis response Fourier Transform impedance mismatch main inductance overvoltage parasitic capacitance partial discharge quality factor ringing slew rate stray inductance voltage gradient winding resonance frequency Elektroteknik och elektronik
217	Erfassung, Analyse und Modellierung des Wurzelwachstums von Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.) unter Berücksichtigung der räumlichen Heterogenität der Pedosphäre Schulte-Eickholt, Anna 02 August 2010 (has links) Das Wurzelwachstum von Winterweizen wurde erfasst und modelliert, um teilflächenspezifisches Boden- und Düngemanagement zu verbessern. Die Variation von Wurzellängendichten im Feld wurde über zwei Vegetationsperioden hinweg an zwei unterschiedlichen Standorten in Ostdeutschland untersucht. Zur Auswertungserleichterung der hohen Anzahl an Wurzelproben, wurde eine halbautomatische Methode zur Bildanalyse von Wurzeln entwickelt. Der Einfluss von Änderungen bezüglich Bodenwasserstatus und Bodendichte bzw. Durchdringungswiderstand auf das Wurzelwachstum wurde untersucht. Die erhobenen Felddaten dienten gleichzeitig dazu, die Bodenwasser- und Wurzelwachstumsberechnung des Modells CERES-Wheat zu validieren. Das Modell simulierte die unterschiedlichen Bodeneigenschaften sowie die Wurzellängendichten und Bodenwassergehalte nur unzureichend. Der Effekt von Änderungen der Niederschlagsmengen auf die Simulationen von Wurzellängendichten und Bodenwassergehalten wurde anhand einer Unsicherheitsanalyse getestet und war extrem gering. Des Weiteren wurde eine Methode für praktische Zwecke entwickelt, mit der die Generierung von räumlich hoch aufgelösten Bodeninformationen unter Verwendung limitierter Eingangsdaten möglich ist. Die Modellkalkulationen basieren auf der Dempster-Shafer-Theorie. Anhand von multitemporal und multimodal erfassten Bodenleitfähigkeitsdaten, die Eingangsdaten für den Modellansatz sind, wurden Bodentypen und Texturklassen bestimmt. Das Modell generiert eine digitale Bodenkarte, die flächenhafte Informationen über Bodentypen und Bodeneigenschaften enthält. Die Validation der Bodenkarte mit zusätzlich erhobenen Bodeninformationen ergab gute bis sehr gute Ergebnisse. / Winter wheat root growth was measured and modelled to improve site-specific soil and fertilizer management in commercial wheat fields. Field variations in root length densities were analysed at two contrasting sites in East-Germany during two vegetation seasons. A semi-automated root analysing method was developed to facilitate analyses of large numbers of samples. Influences of variations in soil water states, bulk densities and penetration resistances on spatial distributions of roots were quantified. Differences in soil characteristics were large between the two sites and affected root growth considerably. The same field data was used for validating the soil moisture and root growth calculations of the widely applied growth model CERES-Wheat. Simulations of root length densities, soil physical properties and soil water contents were inadequate. The effects of changes of rainfall variabilities on simulated root length densities and soil water contents were tested by uncertainty analysis but were negligible low. A methodology for generating soil information for practical management purposes at a high degree of spatial resolution using limited input information was developed. The corresponding model calculations were carried out based on the Dempster and Shafer theorem. Soil types and texture classes were determined with multimodally and multitemporally captured data of soil electrical conductivities which are required input data of the new model approach. The model generates a digital map with extensive information of spatial variations in soil properties. The validation of the generated soil map with soil data from independent measurements yielded close correlation between measured and calculated values. Bildanalyse Modellierung Wurzelwachstum Bodenheterogenität Bodenwassergehalt CERES-Wheat Dempster-Shafer-Theorie DSSAT Präzisionslandwirtschaft räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität scheinbare elektrische Leitfähigkeit Triticum aestivum L. Validierung Winterweizen Wurzellängendichte modeling apparent electrical conductivity CERES-Wheat Dempster-Shafer theorem DSSAT image analysis precision agriculture root growth root length density soil heterogeneity soil water content spatial and temporal variability Triticum aestivum L. validation winter wheat 630 Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin 39 Landwirtschaft, Garten ddc:630
218	La simulazione negoziale nel processo civile Silvestri, Kevin 07 June 2022 (has links) The thesis aims to reconstruct the procedural rules that apply whenever the simulation of contract becomes an issue within a civil proceeding.To this end, a different method is followed from that commonly used by the courts and in the scholarly literature, which have mostly deduced the content of these rules assuming, as a starting point, a certain solution to the problem of the nature of simulated contracts. The courts, that still adhere to the traditional doctrine of nullity of the simulated contract, state that the rules of the civil code dedicated to the action and the objection of nullity shall also apply to the action and objection of simulation. Part of the scholars, rejecting such premises, uphold interpretative solutions that are at odds with those supported by the courts. On the contrary, in this thesis, the legal notion of simulation is assumed as a starting point. Such a legal notion describes the set of facts that lead to a simulation of a contract and to the legal consequences set forth in articles 1414 and ff of the civil code; these facts are thus material to the process in which the simulation is an issue. Hence, the first part of the thesis (chapters 1 to 4) aims at framing the legal notion of simulation within the main categories of civil procedure, and starts from the definition of the legal notion of simulation by critically assessing the two main conceptions of the simulation phenomenon that emerge from the conspicuous literature on the subject: a “negative” conception, which sees the simulation as the lack of an essential element of the contract, and a “positive” conception, which sees the simulation as an agreement between the parties with the aim of excluding the legal effects of a contract between them (simulation agreement). The arguments in support of this last conception are set forth; after that, the question of the structure of the so-called “concealed contract” and the role of the simulation agreement on its formation and effectiveness is examined. The framing of the simulation in the fundamental categories of the process is then carried out through the observation of the legal effects that the simulation activity produces with regard to third parties, and the procedural classification of the substantial categories referred to in Articles 1415 and 1416 of the Italian Civil Code (in particular, unopposability). Finally, the objective scope of the process in which the ascertainment of the simulation of a contract is requested (action of simulation) is defined by critically examining the prevailing doctrine, according to which the said action aims at ascertaining the lack of a “contractual relationship”. Another doctrine is then examined, according to which simulation and nullity may be described as authonomous legal effects capable of being ascertained within a judgment having the force of res judicata. The second part (chapters 5 and 6) is dedicated to the discussion of selected issues of “procedural dynamics”, namely: a) the objection of absolute simulation, and the problem wether the judge may decide upon it ex officio in both the processes aimed at enforcing a simulated contract, and in those that aim, on the contrary, at the declaration of nullity, or at the annulment, rescission or termination of the same contract; b) the multiple facets that the issue of absolute simulation presents in the course of a forced expropriation proceeding undertaken against an “apparent owner”; c) the form of the concealed contract and the extent to which the simulants may prove a relative simulation by witnesses, particularly in the event that the relative simulation of the price of a sale contract is alleged as an objection to an avoidance action promoted by the bankruptcy trustee; d) the stading to an action of simulation; e) the objective scope of the res judicata in the same action. / La tesi mira a ricostruire la disciplina processuale della simulazione negoziale, ossia le regole concernenti l'attività compiuta nel processo dalle parti e dal giudice, ogniqualvolta la simulazione di un negozio giuridico sia oggetto di allegazione, prova e decisione (nella forma della mera cognizione o dell'accertamento). Si segue, a tal fine, un metodo diverso da quello comunemente impiegato dalla giurisprudenza e dalla dottrina, le quali hanno perlopiù dedotto il contenuto di tali regole a partire dalla soluzione di volta in volta prescelta al problema della qualificazione del contratto simulato. La giurisprudenza, muovendo dalla tesi della nullità del contratto simulato, conclude per la diretta applicabilità delle norme del codice civile dedicate all'azione e all'eccezione di nullità. Parte della dottrina, discostandosi da quella premessa, propone soluzioni applicative di segno opposto. Al contrario, nel presente lavoro, la centralità solitamente assegnata al contratto simulato, è occupata dalla simulazione, ossia dalla fattispecie degli effetti che gli artt. 1414 e seguenti designano quali “effetti della simulazione”. Detta fattispecie è infatti quanto forma oggetto dell'attività dei soggetti del processo (l'allegazione, la prova, la cognizione e l'accertamento). La ricostruzione della disciplina processuale della simulazione muove pertanto dalla collocazione della fattispecie simulatoria entro le categorie che informano il contenuto di quella disciplina, e cioè la qualificazione della simulazione come tema di prova, come questione di merito oggetto di mera cognizione, nonché, infine, come oggetto del processo e dell'accertamento munito di autorità di cosa giudicata. La prima parte della tesi (capitoli da 1 a 4) si occupa esattamente di tale inquadramento, prendendo le mosse dalla definizione della fattispecie simulatoria e dalla discussione critica delle due opposte concezioni del fenomeno simulatorio che emergono dalla cospicua letteratura sul tema: una concezione “negativa”, che vede nella simulazione una forma qualificata di difetto della fattispecie negoziale, e una concezione “positiva”, che ravvisa la fattispecie simulatoria in un negozio distinto da quello simulato (il c.d. accordo simulatorio). Enunciate le ragioni a sostegno di quest'ultima concezione, si prende in esame la questione della struttura del contratto dissimulato e del ruolo dell'accordo simulatorio sulla formazione e l'efficacia del medesimo. L'inquadramento della simulazione nelle categorie fondamentali del processo prosegue mediante l'osservazione degli effetti giuridici che l'attività simulatoria produce riguardo ai terzi, e l'inquadramento processuale delle categorie sostanziali richiamate negli artt. 1415 e 1416 c.c. (segnatamente, l'inopponibilità). Infine, si definisce l'oggetto dell'azione di simulazione, mettendo di fronte la prevalente tesi che detto oggetto fa coincidere con il rapporto fondamentale contrattuale, e quella minoritaria che addita le azioni di simulazione e nullità quali esempi di processi di accertamento di situazioni giuridiche preliminari. Si sottopone quindi a critica la tesi del rapporto fondamentale. La seconda parte (capitoli 5 e 6) è dedicata alla discussione di profili scelti di dinamica processuale, segnatamente: l'eccezione di simulazione assoluta, e il problema della sua rilevabilità d'ufficio nei processi diretti all'esecuzione del contratto simulato, nonché in quelli che mirano, al contrario, alla dichiarazione della nullità, ovvero all'annullamento, alla rescissione o alla risoluzione dello stesso contratto; le molteplici sfaccettature che presenta la cognizione della simulazione assoluta nel corso (o a lato) dell'espropriazione forzata intrapresa contro il titolare apparente; la forma del contratto dissimulato e l'ampiezza dei poteri istruttori dei simulanti che intendano dar prova della simulazione relativa, e per suo tramite del contratto dissimulato, particolarmente nel caso in cui la simulazione relativa del prezzo venga addotta per contrastare l'azione revocatoria promossa dal curatore fallimentare contro una compravendita immobiliare “a prezzo vile”; la legittimazione ad agire nell'azione di simulazione; i limiti oggettivi del giudicato di accertamento della simulazione.
219	Gesteinsmechanische Versuche und petrophysikalische Untersuchungen – Laborergebnisse und numerische Simulationen Baumgarten, Lars 26 May 2016 (has links) (PDF) Dreiaxiale Druckprüfungen können als Einstufenversuche, als Mehrstufenversuche oder als Versuche mit kontinuierlichen Bruchzuständen ausgeführt werden. Bei der Anwendung der Mehrstufentechnik ergeben sich insbesondere Fragestellungen hinsichtlich der richtigen Wahl des Umschaltpunktes und des optimalen Verlaufs des Spannungspfades zwischen den einzelnen Versuchsstufen. Fraglich beim Versuch mit kontinuierlichen Bruchzuständen bleibt, ob im Versuchsverlauf tatsächlich Spannungszustände erfasst werden, welche die Höchstfestigkeit des untersuchten Materials repräsentieren. Die Dissertation greift diese Fragestellungen auf, ermöglicht den Einstieg in die beschriebene Thematik und schafft die Voraussetzungen, die zur Lösung der aufgeführten Problemstellungen notwendig sind. Auf der Grundlage einer umfangreichen Datenbasis gesteinsmechanischer und petrophysikalischer Kennwerte wurde ein numerisches Modell entwickelt, welches das Spannungs-Verformungs-, Festigkeits- und Bruchverhalten eines Sandsteins im direkten Zug- und im einaxialen Druckversuch sowie in dreiaxialen Druckprüfungen zufriedenstellend wiedergibt. Das Festigkeitsverhalten des entwickelten Modells wurde in Mehrstufentests mit unterschiedlichen Spannungspfaden analysiert und mit den entsprechenden Laborbefunden verglichen. Gesteinsprobe Prüfkörper Postaer Sandstein Laborprüfungen Petrophysikalische Untersuchungen Einaxialer Druckversuch Dreiaxialer Kompressionsversuch Einstufentest Mehrstufentechnik Spannungspfad Kontinuierliche Bruchzustände Continuous-Failure-State-Triaxial-Test Zugfestigkeitsprüfungen Scherversuch Spaltzugversuch Biegezugversuch Belastungsrichtung Ultraschalllaufzeitmessung Dehnwellen-Resonanzverfahren Kathodolumineszenz-Mikroskopie Gesteinkenngrößen Gesteinsmechanische Parameter Rohdichte Reindichte Porosität Dünnschliffanalyse Sphärizität Korngrößenverteilung Festigkeitskennwerte Höchstfestigkeit Spitzenfestigkeit Restfestigkeit Anisotropie Arbeitskurven Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten Nachbruch Bruchbilder Verformungskennwerte Statischer Elastizitätsmodul Dynamischer Elastizitätsmodul Verformungsmodul Querdehnungszahl Impuls-Laufzeit Wellen-Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit Numerische Modellierung Simulationsrechnung PFC-3D Kugelmodell Clump Partikelarrangement Parameterkalibrierung Parallel Bond Mikrobruch Rissausbreitung elastische Wellen rock sample test specimen sandstone uniaxial compression test triaxial compression test unconfined compression test multiple failure state test continuous failure state test tensile splitting strength shear test bending test pulse velocity ultrasonic elastic constants Young’s modulus of elasticity modulus of deformation Poisson’s ratio post failure stress-strain behaviour real density apparent density grain-size distribution porosity flexural strength peak strength residual strength anisotropy fracture pattern micro-crack pulse-propagation velocity clump sphere model parallel bond crack propagation numerical modelling simulation elastic wave PFC-3D parameter calibration particle arrangement ddc:624 Posta Sandstein Gesteinsprobe Mechanische Eigenschaft Petrophysik Elastizität Werkstein Druckversuch Zugversuch Kennzahl Experiment Numerisches Modell
220	Gesteinsmechanische Versuche und petrophysikalische Untersuchungen – Laborergebnisse und numerische Simulationen Baumgarten, Lars 25 November 2015 (has links) Dreiaxiale Druckprüfungen können als Einstufenversuche, als Mehrstufenversuche oder als Versuche mit kontinuierlichen Bruchzuständen ausgeführt werden. Bei der Anwendung der Mehrstufentechnik ergeben sich insbesondere Fragestellungen hinsichtlich der richtigen Wahl des Umschaltpunktes und des optimalen Verlaufs des Spannungspfades zwischen den einzelnen Versuchsstufen. Fraglich beim Versuch mit kontinuierlichen Bruchzuständen bleibt, ob im Versuchsverlauf tatsächlich Spannungszustände erfasst werden, welche die Höchstfestigkeit des untersuchten Materials repräsentieren. Die Dissertation greift diese Fragestellungen auf, ermöglicht den Einstieg in die beschriebene Thematik und schafft die Voraussetzungen, die zur Lösung der aufgeführten Problemstellungen notwendig sind. Auf der Grundlage einer umfangreichen Datenbasis gesteinsmechanischer und petrophysikalischer Kennwerte wurde ein numerisches Modell entwickelt, welches das Spannungs-Verformungs-, Festigkeits- und Bruchverhalten eines Sandsteins im direkten Zug- und im einaxialen Druckversuch sowie in dreiaxialen Druckprüfungen zufriedenstellend wiedergibt. Das Festigkeitsverhalten des entwickelten Modells wurde in Mehrstufentests mit unterschiedlichen Spannungspfaden analysiert und mit den entsprechenden Laborbefunden verglichen. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/624 ddc:624

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