Diante de discrepâncias na literatura sobre a recomendação de alguns modelos de propaganda de se emparelhar os apelos (racionais ou emocionais) à atitude do consumidor sobre o produto (predominantemente cognitiva ou predominantemente afetiva), o objetivo geral desta Tese foi avaliar tal recomendação. A revisão bibliográfica evidenciou algumas lacunas teóricas: 1) generalização indevida de resultados de estudos sobre formatos de propaganda para produtos de outras categorias; 2) não mensuração direta dos componentes cognitivo e afetivo da atitude do consumidor nos modelos de propaganda, que consideram apenas o tipo de necessidade que o produto satisfaz e o envolvimento do consumidor como determinante da atitude sobre o produto; 3) não consideração de outras características do consumidor, além do envolvimento, como determinante da atitude nos modelos de propaganda; 4) ausência da atitude do consumidor sobre o produto dentre os antecedentes da atitude do consumidor frente a anúncio. Procurando superar tais deficiências, foi empreendida pesquisa de campo contemplando: a) uma categoria de produto específica (medicamentos / medicamentos para emagrecer); b) a mensuração dos componentes cognitivo e afetivo da atitude; c) a avaliação de outras características do consumidor (estado de saúde / peso e experiência com o produto) que influenciam sua atitude; d) atitude do consumidor sobre o produto como possível antecedente da atitude dele frente a anúncio. A pesquisa empírica consistiu de três etapas. A primeira, sobre as particularidades da propaganda de medicamentos no Brasil, constatou maior uso de apelos emocionais. A segunda etapa, referente aos componentes cognitivo e afetivo da atitude do consumidor sobre medicamentos, encontrou predominância do componente cognitivo em pessoas saudáveis e de ambos os componentes em pessoas com problemas de saúde. A terceira etapa, acerca de atitude do consumidor sobre medicamentos para emagrecer e atitude e intenção comportamental do consumidor frente a anúncios racional e emocional, apontou predominância do componente cognitivo na atitude sobre o produto e atitude e intenção comportamental mais favoráveis frente a anúncio racional. Em vista do objetivo geral da Tese, do lado dos anunciantes, os resultados da pesquisa de campo não confirmaram a recomendação de emparelhar os apelos da propaganda à atitude do consumidor sobre o produto. Apelos emocionais são mais utilizados (primeira etapa da pesquisa), enquanto a atitude dos consumidores sobre esse tipo de produto é predominantemente cognitiva (segunda etapa da pesquisa). Os apelos utilizados na propaganda de medicamentos podem não estar sendo os mais adequados. Do lado dos consumidores, a recomendação de emparelhamento foi confirmada, pois a atitude dos consumidores sobre medicamentos para emagrecer é predominantemente cognitiva e eles tiveram atitude e intenção comportamental mais favoráveis frente ao anúncio racional. Os resultados trazem algumas implicações gerenciais. Do lado dos anunciantes, há insights para uma maior efetividade da propaganda e o alinhamento dela com as exigências legais. Parece ser mais adequado informar do que simplesmente tentar persuadir com apelos emocionais. Os benefícios funcionais do produto influenciam mais a formação da atitude sobre medicamentos. Sendo tais benefícios abordados na propaganda (apelos racionais), é provável que ela seja mais persuasiva. Do lado do governo, os resultados podem auxiliar às autoridades no seu objetivo de modernizar e atualizar o regulamento da propaganda de medicamentos, bem como na implementação de políticas de educação e conscientização da população sobre os perigos da auto-medicação. Pois sendo apelos racionais mais persuasivos, não significa que eles não possam gerar uso indevido de remédios ou auto-medicação. A tese termina expondo suas limitações e propondo lineamentos para pesquisas futuras. / There are discrepancies in the literature about the recommendation, of some advertising models, toward matching the appeals (rational or emotional) to the product consumer\'s attitude (predominantly cognitive or predominantly affective). In this context, the main objective of this Dissertation was to evaluate such recommendation. The literature review evidenced some theoretical gaps: 1) improper generalization of results from studies on advertising formats on one product category to other categories; 2) no direct measurement of the cognitive and affective components of the consumer\'s attitude in advertising models, that just consider the type of need that the product satisfies and the consumer\'s involvement as determinants of the product attitude; 3) no consideration of other consumer\'s characteristics, beyond the involvement, as determinants of attitude in advertising models; 4) absence of the consumer\'s product attitude among the antecedents of the consumer?s advertisement attitude. Trying to overcome such deficiencies, field research was undertaken regarding: a) a specific product category (medicines / medicines to lose weight); b) the measurement of the cognitive and affective components of attitude; c) the evaluation of other consumer\'s characteristics (health condition / weigh and experience with the product) that influence attitude; d) the consumer\'s product attitude as possible antecedent of attitude toward advertisement. The empiric research consisted of three stages. The first, about the particularities of medicines advertising in Brazil, confirmed larger use of emotional appeals. The second stage, regarding the cognitive and affective components of consumer\'s attitude toward medicines, found predominance of cognitive component in healthy people and of both components in people with health problems. The third stage, concerning the consumer\'s attitude toward medicines to lose weight and attitude and behavioral intention toward rational and emotional ads, pointed out predominance of cognitive component in attitude toward product, and attitude and behavioral intention more favorable toward rational ad. In light of the general objective of the Thesis, from the point of view of advertisers, the results of the field research didn\'t confirm the recommendation of matching the appeals of the advertising to the consumer\'s product attitude. Emotional appeals are more used (first stage of the research), while the consumers\' attitude on that product type is predominantly cognitive (second stage of the research). Perhaps the appeals used in medicines advertising aren?t the most appropriate. From the point of view of consumers, the matching recommendation was confirmed. While the consumers\' attitude toward medicines to lose weight is predominantly cognitive, they had attitude and behavioral intention more favorable toward rational ad. Results bring some managerial implications. To advertiser, there are insights for better effectiveness of advertising and alignment with legal restrictions. There seems to be more appropriate to inform than just try to persuade with emotional appeals. The functional benefits of the product influence more the attitude formation toward medicines. Being such benefits approached in advertising (rational appeals), it is probable grater persuasiveness. Results of this Dissertation can help authorities to modernize and to update the regulation of medicines advertising, as well as the implementation of an educational policy about the dangers of self-medication. Especially because the use of rational appeals doesn\'t mean that they cannot generate improper use of medicines or self-medication. The Dissertation ends with the limitations and directions for future researches.

The problem. --The problem in this study was to describe the issues arising in employment decisions appealed to the Texas Commissioner of Education. Decisions made in courts are binding on school officials, and they are published in law reporters found in most libraries. The Commissioner's decisions are also binding on school officials, but they are not published or widely reported. Thus, this important body of information may not reach those who are responsible for its application. Methods. --The decisions of the Commissioner were examined to determine the issues and the underlying rationale used by the Commissioner in the process of deciding the appeals. A series of data reductions allowed a determination of patterns found in the outcomes of the decisions which favored the employee and those which favored the school districts. The analysis produced a set of data from which implications for decision making could be drawn.

Analyzing 549 advertisements in Chinese and U.S. women's fashion magazines, this research studies the role of western culture in reshaping Chinese cultural values in terms of modernity, tradition, individualism, and collectivism as well as in the use of western fashion models and language. Results indicate that there is no statistical difference in individualistic and modernity values between U.S. and Chinese print ads in women's fashion magazines. In 1 of the product characteristics, shared products, collectivism values in Chinese ads are not found more than those in U.S. ads as it is assumed. In addition, almost half of the Chinese ads employ western models and only 2 out of 226 Chinese ads are applying merely Chinese language to name the brand. The implications for future research and limitation of this study are discussed.

Research has indicated a strong interest in knowing who is being represented and how information is being represented in the communication about childhood immunization. This study uses a two-part analysis to look at source representation and framing in childhood immunization communication. A quantitative analysis of articles from the New York Times and USA Today were examined for their source representation, their use of fear appeals, through the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM), and the use of frames, through the application of Prospect Theory. A qualitative semiotic analysis was conducted on 36 images that appeared on www.yahoo.com and www.google.com to find common themes for who is being represented and how information is being portrayed through the images. Results found a high prevalence of representation from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, other governmental agencies and views from health/medical professionals in both the articles and images.

No description available.

This thesis sets out to provide a deep analysis of the mechanisms for review of convictions in New Zealand and England after initial appeal rights are exhausted, and to identify the key areas of similarity and difference between these systems, the reasons for these differences, and their implications. The appeal systems in each jurisdiction are briefly examined, alongside the pressures and restrictions on their functioning. Particular attention is paid to the options for appeal out of time, and for revisiting appeal decisions if new material comes to light. The main discussion is of the specialist procedures for review of suspect convictions in each jurisdiction: the Royal Prerogative of Mercy process carried out by the New Zealand Ministry of Justice and the work of the English Criminal Cases Review Commission. This discussion presents the results of empirical research carried out by the author utilising the files of each of these bodies. It investigates the legal context in which each body functions, and provides an account of how each body functions in practice, by examining the circumstances in which each body will contemplate referring a matter back to an appeal court and the means by which a determination is made as to whether to do so in an individual case. In addition it examines the various factors (legal and non-legal) which impact on their work. Finally, the key features of the two systems are contrasted, with a discussion of the areas of similarity and difference, as well as the possible implications of these, in particular for reform of the New Zealand processes.

I conducted a legal analysis of decisions by Texas Commissioners of Education in appeals by Texas school administrators from nonrenewal decisions made by Texas school districts from 1983 to 2013. I analyzed the findings of fact and conclusions of law described in the commissioners’ rulings to determine the legal basis of school districts’ decisions to nonrenew school administrators’ term employment contracts. I also examined the legal rationale for commissioners’ rulings and determined which party most commonly prevailed in these administrative proceedings—the respondent school district or the petitioner school administrator. In particular, the study determined factors that contributed to commissioners’ decisions to overrule or support school districts’ nonrenewal decisions. A careful review of commissioner decisions, which are accessible on the Texas Education Association website, identified 44 commissioner decisions involving appeals by superintendents, associate superintendents, public school administrators, athletic directors, or central office administrators concerning school districts’ term contract nonrenewal decisions from 1983 to 2013. Commissioners’ decisions in these cases were surveyed using legal research methods. This study provides recommendations to assist local education agencies to refine current policies and regulations regarding the nonrenewal of administrators’ term contracts, and provides insight on Texas Commissioners’ rulings on term contract nonrenewal appeals brought by Texas school administrators. The findings revealed that school boards’ lack of understanding of local policies and lack of evidence resulted in commissioners granting 27% of appeals. Additionally, commissioners denied 73% of the appeals because school boards provided at least one reason that met the substantial evidence standard of review, and respondents failed to substantiate allegations or enter evidence in evidentiary hearings.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Voltarelli de Carvalho.pdf: 840399 bytes, checksum: 3a6406a167947645f307d3e787b7f4be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / To any person (natural or legal) exercise their right of action, which is guaranteed by the 1998 s Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, it is essential that the person fulfill several requirements (conditions of action and procedural assumptions of existence and validity). Failing to do so, that person s conflict will not even be examined by the Judiciary. The same logical reasoning applies to the one who aims to appeal a certain decision: the one who feels aggrieved by any given decision has to fulfill another series of requirements to have its appeal accepted, processed and judge by the Court. This paper studies those requirements that one of the litigants needs to fulfill in order to have its appeal accepted, processed and judge, notoriously known as appeal s admissibility requirements. Centrally, the issues discussed in this paper are those concerning (i) the analysis of the appeal s admissibility requirements expressly set forth in the New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, (ii) the proper way to fulfill these admissibility requirements, and (iii) the consequences of not fulfilling them when filing an appeal. Therefore, it is necessary the greening of the New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code in the present scenario of Procedure Law in Brazil and identification of those admissibility requirements. Once identified, it will be answered the question about the effects of absence of one of those admissibility requirements, systematizing them in this regard. In early conclusion, it will be noted that the timely filing of an appeal is at the top of the hierarchy of admissibility requirements since it is incurable and since the absence of almost any other of these requirements can be amended / Para que qualquer pessoa (física ou jurídica) possa exercer seu direito de ação, direito este garantido pela Constituição Federal da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, é necessário que essa pessoa preencha uma série de requisitos (condições da ação e pressupostos processuais de existência e validade). Caso não o faça, o conflito dessa pessoa nem sequer será examinado pelo Poder Judiciário. O mesmo raciocínio lógico é aplicável àquela parte da relação jurídica processual que pretende recorrer de determinada decisão: faz-se mister que a parte que se sinta prejudicada por determinada decisão judicial preencha outra série de requisitos para que o seu recurso seja admitido, processado e julgado pelo Tribunal ao qual for direcionado. O presente estudo trata exata e especificamente desses requisitos necessários para o conhecimento, processamento e julgamento dos recursos, notoriamente conhecidos como requisitos de admissibilidade recursal. Centralmente, as questões debatidas por este trabalho são aquelas relativas (i) à análise dos requisitos de admissibilidade recursal expressamente previstos no novo Código de Processo Civil, (ii) à forma adequada de preencher esses requisitos de admissibilidade, e (iii) às consequências que serão suportadas pela parte recorrente em razão de eventual falta de um ou mais dos requisitos de admissibilidade no recurso interposto. Faz-se necessário, pois, a ambientalização do Novo Código de Processo Civil no cenário atual do Direito Processual no Brasil mormente à luz dos princípios e argumentos motivadores para seu debate, edição e sanção e a identificação dos requisitos de admissibilidade recursal. Depois de identificados, buscar-se-á resposta à pergunta acerca dos efeitos da eventual ausência de um dos requisitos de admissibilidade recursal identificados, sistematizando-os sob esse aspecto. Em adiantada conclusão, observarse- á que o legislador ordinário infraconstitucional alçou a tempestividade ao topo da hierarquia dos requisitos de admissibilidade vez que insanável e optou por tratar o vício em quase todos os outros requisitos de admissibilidade como sanáveis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcelo Camargo Magano.pdf: 533789 bytes, checksum: db2344b79ea9b83c4e754939195fc243 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-18 / The present work aims to delimit the essential aspects of double degree of jurisdiction, analyzing it since its creation, in Brazil, up to the current stage of development. Double degree of jurisdiction will be studied in light of constitutional principles. Furthermore, this study will investigate whether or not the possibility of its extinction causes losses to the right of the parties and to the lawsuit. In this context, the advantages and disadvantages of the maintenance of the principle of double degree of jurisdiction are discussed, as well as its relation to the devolutive effect of the appeals. The recognition that it is a constitutional principle does not mean granting an absolute character to it, as the infra-constitutional legislator is responsible for saying how it should effectively act. Ordinary legislators must balance some values (rule of law and procedural effectiveness) when choosing options to inform their legislative activity. From this derives the need to give greater effectiveness to the lawsuit, in opposition to the idea of the lawsuit as a mere technical instrument. Law no. 10352/2001 relatively mitigated the principle of the double degree of jurisdiction, by allowing, in article 515, paragraph 3, of the Code of Civil Procedure, that the court appreciates the grounds of the action, in cases of abatement of action (final judgment), provided that it is a question of law and of fact and there is no need to present evidence in the trial. These changes reveal that jurisdiction must be studied in the perspective of other elements, related to the duration of the lawsuit or by means of mechanisms that guarantee access to justice. Therefore, jurisdiction must be exercised in a more rationalized and effective way for the solution of the legal controversies between the parties. It is considered that timely jurisdiction is more effective than tardy jurisdiction / O presente trabalho tem por propósito demarcar os aspectos essenciais do duplo grau de jurisdição. O instituto é analisado desde sua criação no Brasil até o seu desenvolvimento atual na legislação. O duplo grau será estudado à luz dos princípios constitucionais, bem como a possibilidade de sua supressão causar ou não prejuízo ao direito das partes. Nesse contexto, também são discutidas as vantagens e desvantagens do princípio do duplo grau de jurisdição e sua relação com o efeito devolutivo dos recursos. O reconhecimento de que se trata de princípio constitucional implícito não significa conferir-lhe caráter absoluto, pois compete ao legislador infraconstitucional balizar o seu campo de atuação. A Lei 10.352/2001 imprimiu certa mitigação ao princípio do duplo grau de jurisdição ao inserir o parágrafo terceiro no art. 515 do CPC, permitindo que o tribunal aprecie o mérito nos casos de extinção do processo (sentença terminativa), desde que a causa esteja madura para o julgamento, isto é, inexista controvérsia ou haja provas suficientes para a solução da lide. Essas mudanças revelam a necessidade de a tutela jurisdicional ser estudada sob a perspectiva de outros elementos, sejam eles relacionados com a razoável duração do processo ou por meio de mecanismos que garantam o acesso à justiça. Portanto, a tutela jurisdicional deve ser exercida de forma mais racionalizada e efetiva para a solução das lides

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joaquim Portes de Cerqueira Cesar.pdf: 693430 bytes, checksum: e1a33fab558a283e8d9bd5e03d87fb57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-19 / The systematization of exceptional appeals in Parental Rights is notably complex, especially after the promulgation of 1988 Federal Constitution that created the appeal denominated special, aiming mainly at keeping the wholeness of the federal right, remaining the constitutional litigation to the extraordinary appeal. The multiple questions that emerge from the exceptional appeals obliges the interpreter to search for references in a context of parameters that are not almost always systematic, where jurisprudential orientation, abridgements and unequal doctrinal positioning proliferate. The present work aims to approach the issues of exceptional appeals regarding to the Special and Extraordinary Appeals, descrying as basic orientating premises the jurisprudential issues condensed in the Stare Decisis, analyzing the casuistic forensics in the area as well. The objective is to dissipate common errors and to create a general overview of solutions that superior courts have been adopting so that a peculiar jurisdictional tutelage inherent to this mode of exceptional appeal becomes feasible / A sistemática dos recursos excepcionais no Direito Pátrio é notavelmente complexa, sobretudo após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, que criou o denominado recurso especial, com objetivo precípuo de manter a inteireza do direito federal, remanescendo ao recurso extraordinário o contencioso constitucional. As múltiplas questões que emergem no âmbito dos recursos excepcionais obrigam o intérprete a buscar referências em um contexto de parâmetros quase sempre assistemáticos, em que proliferam orientações jurisprudenciais, Súmulas e posicionamentos doutrinários díspares. O presente trabalho objetiva abordar as questões recursais excepcionais atinentes aos Recursos Especial e Extraordinário, divisando como premissa orientadora básica as questões jurisprudenciais compendiadas no Direito Sumular, com análise também da casuística forense nesse campo. Buscase, assim, dissipar equívocos comuns e construir um panorama geral das soluções que os pretórios superiores vêm adotando para viabilizar a peculiar tutela jurisdicional inerente a essas modalidades de recursos excepcionais