No description available.

No description available.

Studies examining neighborhood effects on adolescent outcomes have indicated that adolescents growing up in low-income neighborhoods are at higher risk of developing internalizing and externalizing behaviors. However, knowledge of the long-term effects of neighborhood disadvantages on internalizing and externalizing behaviors and the involved mechanisms across adolescence is limited. Using family life course theory and the cumulative advantage/disadvantage perspective, this study examined how community disadvantages in early adolescence accumulate over time to influence later internalizing and externalizing behaviors and the protective effects of subjective appraisals of social support by adolescents and their primary caregivers. I estimated a two-level growth curve model using three waves of data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Results indicated subjective appraisals of social support by both adolescents and caregivers played a protective role to buffer the negative effects of community disadvantages on internalizing and externalizing behaviors across adolescence. These results provide insight for the development of intervention programs at both family and government levels to improve adolescent outcomes. / Ph. D.

Self-appraisals of performance are traditionally lenient and inaccurate, hampering their practical utility in applied settings. The purpose of the current study is to examine the underlying processes, namely self-deception and impression management, which contribute to this leniency and inaccuracy. Because self-ratings are inflated regardless of environmental affordances, self-deception is said to occur. However, when environmental contingencies that reward positive self-evaluations exist, leniency and inaccuracy increases. This suggests that impression management processes also contribute to inflated and inaccurate self-appraisals. The environmental affordances associated with self-ratings are often couched in terms of reward and nonreward purposes of appraisal (POA). The occurrence of leniency and inaccuracy in reward purposes of appraisal are potentially moderated by personality variables such as self-monitoring (SM). Consequently, POA and SM were examined in the current study. Participants completed a model building task in both non-reward and reward POAs, with self-appraisals following each task. They also completed surveys which assessed their levels of self-monitoring, self-deception, and impression management. It was predicted that self-rated performance would be lenient across conditions, reflecting self-deception. It was further predicted that participants would be more lenient and less accurate in the reward POA than in the non-reward POA, reflecting impression management processes. This would suggest an additive effect in which impression management leads to increased inflation beyond the level of inflation attributed to self-deception. Finally, it was predicted that self-rating leniency in the reward POA would be moderated by self-monitoring, such that only high self-monitors would be significantly more lenient in the reward POA in terms of their self-rated performance. Repeated measure ANOVAS using four accuracy and four leniency measures yielded limited support for the hypotheses. Implications for future research are discussed. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4618.pdf: 2201144 bytes, checksum: cc96cd9f2e0dbb5e309768688ef7f1bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-03 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / In scientific studies, using measuring instruments it is necessary to observe issues of reliability, validity and standardization of results. In the national literature, the Brazilian version of the Social Support Appraisals (SSA) is the only instrument available for studies of Cross-cultural translation, specific for the assessment of social support for children and adolescents. The objectives of this study: 1 - Assess the reliability and construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Social Support Appraisals 2 - Establish regulatory standards of the Brazilian version of the SSA for children and adolescents aged between nine and 18. The specific objectives were: a) to assess the social support perceived by children and adolescents aged between nine and 18 years, b) to investigate the sources encompassed by Other subscale, and c) to evaluate the socio-emotional development of participants aged between 11 and 18 years. The study group was comprised of 766 children and adolescent aged between nine and 18 years who are high and elementary students of eleven public schools in three cities in the state of Sao Paulo. To collect data we used the Identification Form, the Brazilian version of the SSA and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results of factor analysis indicated five factors with a structure in which single items were found in the factor F5. Therefore, the respective items were excluded and analyzes were made after considering the 23 remaining items of the Brazilian version of the SSA. The internal consistency index alpha was equal to 0.89 for the total scale, .83 for subscale family, friends 0.80, 0.80 and 0.77 other teachers. Divergent validity was found between the SSA and the SDQ has been partially satisfactory, because there were negative correlations between the subscales of both instruments. Regulatory standards have been established through the criterion Intragrupo. The specific objectives encompassed a) the family was the main source of support perceived b) respond to the items of the Other subscale participants indicated in their majority, who think of their family members and friends, c) where there was clinical prevalence of conduct problems and emotional symptoms. It is considered that this study allows us to offer the Brazilian version of the SSA for use in future research in order to continue the research on social support and associations with variables related to the development of children and adolescents and their family background . Also, this research brings advances in knowledge about the role of social support in the development and health. / Em estudos científicos, ao utilizar instrumentos de medida faz-se necessário observar questões referentes à sua confiabilidade, validade e normatização dos resultados. Na literatura nacional, a versão brasileira do Social Support Appraisals (SSA) é o único instrumento disponível com estudos de adaptação transcultural, específicos para a avaliação do apoio social de crianças e adolescentes. Tendo isso em vista, foram objetivos deste estudo: 1 - Avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade de construto da versão brasileira do Social Support Appraisals; 2 - Estabelecer padrões normativos da versão brasileira do SSA para crianças e adolescentes, com idades entre 9 e 18 anos. Os objetivos específicos foram: a) Avaliar o apoio social percebido por crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 9 e 18 anos; b) Investigar as fontes que compõe a subescala Outros; e c) Avaliar o desenvolvimento socioemocional dos participantes com idades entre 11 e 18 anos. Participaram da pesquisa 766 crianças e adolescentes, com idades entre 9 e 18 anos, estudantes de 11 escolas públicas de ensino fundamental e médio, de 3 cidades do interior do estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados o Formulário de Identificação, a versão brasileira do SSA e o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ). Os resultados da análise fatorial indicaram uma estrutura com 5 fatores na qual se verificaram itens isolados no fator F5. Diante disso, os respectivos itens foram excluídos e as análises posteriores foram feitas considerando os 23 itens restantes da versão brasileira do SSA. Quanto à consistência interna, o índice de alfa foi igual a 0,89 para a escala total, 0,83 para a subescala família, 0,80 amigos, 0,80 professores e 0,77 outros. Foi encontrada validade divergente entre o SSA e o SDQ, mostrando-se parcialmente satisfatória, na medida em que houve correlações negativas entre as subescalas dos 2 instrumentos. Foram estabelecidos os padrões normativos através do critério Intragrupo. Com relação aos objetivos específicos, a) a família foi a principal fonte de apoio percebida; b) ao responderem aos itens da subescala outros, os participantes indicaram, em sua maioria, que pensam em membros de suas famílias e amigos; c) nos casos clínicos houve predominância de problemas de conduta e sintomas emocionais. Considera-se que este estudo permite disponibilizar a versão brasileira do SSA para a utilização em pesquisas futuras, a fim de dar continuidade às investigações acerca do apoio social e associações com variáveis relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das crianças e adolescentes e ao contexto familiar dos mesmos; e avança no conhecimento acerca do papel do apoio social no desenvolvimento e nas condições de saúde.

The purpose of this research was to explore employees’ experiences of performance management appraisals. There is an increasing need to ensure that performance appraisals realise performance improvement and professional development goals while safeguarding the dignity of employees. This study followed a qualitative research design and was conducted in a South African banking organisation with five participants at varying employment levels. Purposive, non-probability sampling was used to select the participants and a semi-structured interview was conducted with each participant. The interviews were transcribed and the data was analysed using the discourse analysis method in keeping with social constructivism. Various insights about the employees’ experiences of performance management appraisals can be drawn from the overall research findings, which are likely to benefit the field of industrial and organisational psychology and managers in various organisations in conducting more effective performance appraisals by ensuring that they are fair and ethical, and can facilitate professional growth. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial & Organisational Psychology)

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

I svallvågorna efter det senaste decenniets omstruktureringar och omorganisationer har ansvaret för stora delar av innehållet i personaltjänsten inom Försvarsmakten transformerats. Detta är utgångspunkten för vår induktiva studie genom intervjuer av chefer i marinen, deras erfarenheter och förutsättningar i att kunna effektuera medarbetarsamtalets resultat i form av utvecklingsplaner. Cheferna upplever en uppsida av att medarbetarsamtalet som i stort är bra och att syftet är en ökad operativ effekt – nedsidan som framkommer mycket tydligt är bristen på beslutsmandat i förhållande till uppgifterna och leder till en ökad administrativ belastning. Genom en organisationsteoretisk referensram konstaterar studien att situationen består av kollisionen mellan personaltjänstens centralisering i förhållande till den militära linjestyrningen och deras inbördes logiker och värderingar. Om det är en medveten omsvängning eller en olycklig omständighet genom reformprogram att chefer ska lägga mer tid på personaltjänst och administration framgår inte av vår empiri. Studien konstaterar däremot att det är chefernas ansvarstagande och professionella militära värderingar som gör att fiaskot undviks men succén uteblir för personaltjänsten när de ställs inför uppgifter som de inte har förutsättningar att lösa. Vår förhoppning är att denna undersökning bidrar till ökad förståelse för chefers situation och kan utgöra ett underlag för vidare utveckling av Försvarsmaktens personaltjänst. Detta i syfte att skapa motivation och tillit till personaltjänstens processer, öka den operativa effekten och behålla Försvarsmaktens personal. / Responsibilities for the personnel services in the Swedish Armed Forces have the last decade transformed in the backwash of reorganization and restructuring. This is the outset for our thesis and the research on how executives in the Navy can execute the personal development plan as a result of staff appraisals. As authors we have had confirmation in some of ourprejudice as well as developed new knowledge. The executive’s experiences are mainlypositive and the recognitions of the staff appraisal to gain operational effect are clear. The downside is also clear in accordance with the result of our research – the magnitude of the staff appraisal is too big, take too much time and necessary mandates are missing. Our empirics do not tell us if the executive ́s extended workload on personnel service are an intentional turn or an unfortunate circumstance of New Public Management. Our conclusion is nevertheless – it is not likely to gain operative effect by executive ́s doing more admin work.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-12-12T15:56:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 César Finger Fiorio_.pdf: 1440819 bytes, checksum: c2343d47f785e9f822af2a470cd9923d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-12T15:56:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 César Finger Fiorio_.pdf: 1440819 bytes, checksum: c2343d47f785e9f822af2a470cd9923d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-24 / Nenhuma / Diante do atual cenário imobiliário, o progresso sustentável tem se apresentado como alternativa para a diferenciação dos empreendimentos frente ao mercado de imóveis. Ainda, de modo a promover a preservação ambiental, as isenções fiscais para imóveis sustentáveis têm se apresentado como proposta para abatimento de parte das tributações imobiliárias. Por objetivo, este trabalho busca desenvolver um modelo avaliatório de apartamentos para uma cidade de pequeno porte inserindo variáveis sustentáveis. Além disso, este modelo servirá de base para análise dos valores de mercado sobre as avaliações imobiliárias realizadas pela prefeitura municipal e de suas devidas arrecadações tributárias. Com este intuito, a Engenharia de Avaliações utiliza-se da metodologia científica de pesquisa e caracteriza-se como ferramenta indispensável para o avaliador, orientando-o na escolha das informações de interesse, na forma de coleta, análise e tratamento de dados. Para a obtenção dos resultados, requerem-se um planejamento prévio, levantamento bibliográfico, delimitação da área de mercado a ser explorada, definição das variáveis significativas para o modelo, obtenção de uma amostra confiável e tratamento científico por inferência estatística. O estudo indica que os apartamentos tratados ainda carecem da utilização de recursos sustentáveis em sua construção, e como justificativa, os investidores alegam que o custo de implantação é inviável para os padrões locais. Embora, as edificações que fazem o uso destas alternativas apontem maior valor venal, elas agregam benefícios econômicos e elevam a qualidade de vida de seus usuários. Ademais, com relação à arrecadação de alíquotas imobiliárias, existe uma ampla defasagem nos valores venais apresentados pelos órgãos públicos em suas avaliações contrapondo-se aos do modelo estatístico desenvolvido, e consequentemente, geram-se prejuízos econômicos a sociedade e desvaloriza a justiça social. / Faced with the current real estate scenario, the sustainable progress has been presented as an alternative for the differentiation of developments in the real estate market. Also, to promote environmental preservation, tax exemptions for sustainable properties have been proposed as a proposal to reduce part of real estate taxes. The objective of this work is to develop an appraisal model of apartments for a small city by inserting sustainable variables. In addition, this model will serve as a basis for analyzing the market values of the real estate valuations carried out by the municipal government and its due tax collections. For this purpose, the real estate appraisal uses the scientific methodology of research and is characterized as an indispensable tool for the evaluator, guiding it in the choice of information of interest, in the form of data collection, analysis and treatment. To obtain the results, it is required a previous planning, bibliographic survey, delimitation of the market area to be explored, definition of significant variables for the model, obtaining a reliable sample and scientific treatment by statistical inference. The study indicates that treated apartments still lack the use of sustainable resources in their construction, and as justification, investors claim that the cost of implementation is infeasible to local standards. Although the buildings that make use of these alternatives point to higher market value, they add economic benefits and raise the quality of life of their users. In addition, with respect to the collection of real estate rates, there is a wide gap in the venal values presented by the public agencies in their evaluations, in opposition to those of the developed statistical model, and consequently, economic losses are generated in society and devalues social justice.

Teacher motivation factors prominently in the sustainable development of educational institutions, and relate to self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and retention. Prior motivational research in education has addressed factors relating to teacher motivation, but there is a dearth of research into the impact of performance management on motivation. This phenomenological study examined the lived experiences of 5 teachers in relation to the performance management process in the selected school. The project study was guided by Bandura's social cognitive theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory. In-depth, semistructured interviews were used to extract the essence of the lived experiences as expressed by teachers. Interviews were transcribed, reduced, coded, and analyzed for common thematic elements and essences regarding the impact of performance management on motivation. The findings revealed demotivational elements in the performance management process of the school that impacted job satisfaction and retention. This study also included developing a professional development project to enhance the capacity of school administrators in understanding teacher motivation and how the delivery of performance management can be used as a developmental tool to improve teacher motivation. The study and project facilitate positive social change by providing a deeper understanding of teacher motivation and by developing a performance management model that promotes capacity building and motivation. The study findings will be beneficial to teachers, school administrators, and human resource personnel.