Work is the key to the successful integration and an important indicator of integration statistics. A key indicator to monitor both at national- as local level.   This essay compares six Swedish municipalities to examine what factors leads to the positive outcome in achieved integration on the labor market. The six municipalities; Gnosjö, Emmaboda, Olofström, Oxelosund, Gällivare and Oskarshamn are considered as examples of the extraordinary good results. I have studied and described the "characteristics of immigrants" and "local conditions in the municipalities" and then compared sought to explain what leads to the positive result of achieved integration on the labor market. I have come to the conclusion that the characteristics of the immigrants seem to have less importance for achieved integration in the labor market. It’s likely to say that the the structure of the labor market can be a clausal variable to explain the success. But also, the strategic work of the municipalities to integration on the labor market.

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One of the most important issues that often appears on the political agenda is the difference between natives and the foreign born in labor market integration. A big difference between these groups would imply worse chances for foreigners of getting work, which can then create problems with implementing labor market policies. However, there is no simple answer to what explains the low labor market integration. Previous research is partly agreed that residential segregation is relevant. On the other hand, there is a disagreement about the way in which it affects the labor market. Moreover, there is an uncertainty about the relevance of socio-economic factors. This study therefore attempts to supplement previous knowledge by studying the impact of residential segregation, but also the effect of the welfare dependency that may have a greater impact on the labor market, as this may mean a habit of not working. This is studied by examining the 100 largest municipalities in Sweden through multiple regressions. The result showed that both residential segregation and welfare dependency has a connection with low labor market integration. Welfare dependency also showed the connection between residential segregation and labor market integration became less strong. Further studies therefore need to examine this variable more thoroughly to determine if this variable causes higher unemployment rates in the labor market. In conclusion, the results of this study can be referred to policies that focus on improving the structural conditions in the municipality by distributing and disposing of social / economic resources in society more fairly among the citizens. / <p>2018-06-07.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this thesis is to investigate an experimental work in the region of Kronoberg and to study, from the actors’ point of view, what possibilities there are for cooperation when it comes to hastening the introduction for newly arrived immigrants on the labour market, and also what possibilities the cooperation entails for the newly arrived immigrants to integrate on the labour market. The thesis employs the following research questions to answer the purpose:</p><p>How do the actors in the project work to fasten the introduction to the Swedish labour market?</p><p>Which opportunities and obstacles do the actors experience for cooperation in the project?</p><p>Which consequences do the actors experience that cooperation in the project bring for the newly arrived immigrants’ opportunity to integrate on the labour market?</p><p>In order to answer the questions, ten actors involved in the project have been interviewed. Also written documents have been used.</p><p>The conclusion of the study is that explicit goal and explicit division of the responsibilities in the project have made the cooperation easier. The project has been developed to domain consensus which presumably makes it possible to a more effective work.</p>

By examining if the proportion of foreign born representatives – in Swedish municipal councils – connects to the integration of the same group in society, this paper tests the theoretical notion that it matters who the representatives are. Briefly, the hypothesis is inspired by Anne Phillips’ thought that political interests and priorities can derive from people’s experiences. The thesis uses municipal panel data which extends over the years 1994–2014. In the regression analysis, fixed effects and control variables are applied on a time-specific basis and municipality level. In short, the results in this paper suggests that the proportion of foreign born representatives tends to affect the integration of the same group in society under certain circumstances. When including control variables and time fixed effects, the independent variable share of foreign born in municipal councils is still statistically significant. But when municipality fixed effects are included, the explanatory variable struggles. Although, a reason for this may be that the variability of variables within the municipalities is too small during the investigated time period. With this in mind, substantial recommendations are given for future research in the field.  Finally, in order to strengthen the theoretical assumption that political interests and priorities among the representatives may vary depending on whether they are natives or foreigners, this paper also present relevant survey data regarding members of subnational councils in Sweden. By studying the answers concerning the representative’s origin, and how it corresponds to the self-perceived priority of representing immigrants and refugee’s interests, we can get a better understanding of how the representation of foreigners might affect the policy outcome. Primarily, the result in this passage indicates that foreigners do consider themselves to represent immigrants and refugee’s interests to a greater extent than natives. Secondarily, the result also indicates that foreigners from countries outside of Europe are most likely to prioritize this area of responsibility, of all investigated groups.

Det svenska flyktingmottagandet har ökat senaste åren vilket medför ett ökat behov av arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder. Som nyanländ flykting tar det lång tid att få ett arbete, dessutom svårt att få ett arbete relevant för sin utbildning. Man har sett att många som kommer till Sverige har kompetenser inom olika bristyrken. För att förenkla deras väg till arbete och bemöta bristen på arbetskraft implementerade regeringen snabbspårsprogram för olika yrken. Snabbspårsprogrammen skapas genom trepartssamarbete mellan olika aktörer. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur involverade aktörer har påverkat skapandet och resultatet av snabbspårsprogrammet för djursjukskötare. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra aktörer involverade i snabbspåret besvaras frågeställningarna. Aktörerna är Arbetsförmedlingen, Fackföreningen Kommunal, Arbetsgivarorganisationen Gröna Arbetsgivare och Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet. Intervjuerna lyfte fram aktörernas egna upplevelser av hur snabbspåret skapades och vad samarbetet haft för påverkan. Uppsatsen bygger upp ett teoretiskt ramverk av governance med den svenska modellen och public-private partnership som exempel. Resultatet visar att aktörerna fann det givet att skriva under överenskommelsen för snabbspåret. Samarbetet mellan icke-statliga och statliga aktörer har haft en påverkan på snabbspåret. Uppsatsen identifierar även SLU som en nyckelaktör för snabbspårets framgång vilket visar sig tydligt då snabbspåret endast genomförs om de har resurserna tillgängliga.

På grund av de otrygga och oroliga omständigheterna i vissa länder väljer människorna, tvångsmässigt, att lämna sina ursprungsländer. Detta har lett till att antalet invandrare har rekordökat under de senaste åren i, bland annat, Sverige. Integrationsfrågan diskuteras alltmer i den svenska politiskadebatten. Invandrings- och integrationspolitiska mål är att stärka nyanländas samhällsgemenskap och arbetsmarknadsintegration. Arbetsförmedlingen har fått i uppdrag att etablera nyanlända genom olika insatser.Studiens huvudsyfte är att få en djupare förståelse för studie- och yrkesvägledningsfunktionen och vad den har för betydelse för de nyanlända, samt förstå de faktorerna som hindrar och försvårar nyanländas arbetsmarknadsintegration. Studien utgår från arbetsförmedlarperspektiv på respektive frågeställning. För att nå syftet med studien används en kvalitativ intervjumetod med 6 verksamma arbetsförmedlare (etableringshandläggare) på Arbetsförmedlingen. Det undersökta ämnesområdet analyseras utifrån systemteori som ramverk STF och funktionalismen.Resultatet visar att studie- och yrkesvägledningen uppfyller en viktig funktion som behöver stärkas under nyanländas etableringsperiod. Vidare visar resultatet att faktorer i form av socialt kapital, socialt nätverk, humankapitalet, krav på språk och utbildning och egen vilja och motivation påverkar individens integration i såväl samhället som arbetsmarknaden.

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to investigate an experimental work in the region of Kronoberg and to study, from the actors’ point of view, what possibilities there are for cooperation when it comes to hastening the introduction for newly arrived immigrants on the labour market, and also what possibilities the cooperation entails for the newly arrived immigrants to integrate on the labour market. The thesis employs the following research questions to answer the purpose: How do the actors in the project work to fasten the introduction to the Swedish labour market? Which opportunities and obstacles do the actors experience for cooperation in the project? Which consequences do the actors experience that cooperation in the project bring for the newly arrived immigrants’ opportunity to integrate on the labour market? In order to answer the questions, ten actors involved in the project have been interviewed. Also written documents have been used. The conclusion of the study is that explicit goal and explicit division of the responsibilities in the project have made the cooperation easier. The project has been developed to domain consensus which presumably makes it possible to a more effective work.

Arbetsmarknadsintegration är ett samhällsproblem som påverkar både individen själv och även samhället. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka upplevelser på den svenska arbetsmarknaden för högutbildade nyanlända som kom till Sverige år 2015. Studien har utgått från att belysa utmaningar och förutsättningar som högutbildade nyanlända har upplevt på väg in till arbetsmarknaden. Studien grundar sig i en kvalitativ metod där det empiriska materialet har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio respondenter. Respondenterna är högutbildade nyanlända som kom till Sverige 2015 och är etablerade på arbetsmarknaden. Empirin har analyserats i en tematisk analys med hjälp av humankapitalteori och sociala nätverksteori. Studiens resultat visar att upplevelser är individuella och därför finns likheter och skillnader mellan dem. De utmaningar som uttrycks av respondenterna är brist på sociala nätverk, värdelösa insatser av arbetsförmedlingen, etnisk diskriminering och nedvärdering av utländska utbildningar och erfarenheter. Förutsättningarna som underlättade högutbildade nyanländas arbetsmarknadsintegration uttrycks vara tillgång till sociala nätverk, arbetsmarknadsinsatser, språkkunskaper och erhållande av en ny svensk utbildning. Det framkommer i resultatdelen att språkkunskaper och diskriminering inte upplevs på samma sätt i alla sektorer av arbetsmarknaden, utan kan ses som sektorspecifika.

This paper investigates occupational mismatch of highly educated refugees in Sweden and aims to study what factors are impacting their labour market integration process. In contrast to the extensive number of quantitative reports based on registered data in the field, this research applies a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with the target group and incorporating a temporal aspect of the process. The results confirm existing theories such as human capital deficit, lack of social capital and signalling issues, but also indicates that contextual factors, being family demands and financial pressure, affect the process. An openness towards a change of field and lack of guidance from authorities emerged as factors for mismatch too. Lastly, feelings of stress and frustration seems to influence the process to a big extent which leads us to the conclusion that the labour market integration process of educated refugees is highly influenced by the aspect of time - and more specifically the lack of it.