The aim of the study was to investigate how staff in student health teams at high school perceives how the pressure to perform socially in the social arena of school affects the students and how staff prevent, or perceive that they should work preventively against this. The study is based on eight qualitative, semi-structured interviews with staff from student health-teams at high schools. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that staff from the student health-teams perceived that students may feel pressure and stress to live up to some form of expectations set by themselves and others. This can lead to psychosomatic issues, condescending thoughts and self-valuations. The results also show that preventive work can focus on making norms visible and talk about what they mean and how they affect us. That can give the students an understanding of what unconsciously affects them and their well-being. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka elevhälsans uppfattningar av hur pressen att prestera socialt, i skolan som social arena, yttrar sig hos eleverna, samt hur personalen arbetar, eller uppfattar att de bör arbeta förebyggande mot social prestationspress. Åtta kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med personal ur elevhälsoteam på gymnasieskolor. Den insamlade empirin analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att personal ur elevhälsoteam uppfattar att elever kan känna press och stress att leva upp till någon form av förväntan från sig själva och andra. Det kan yttra sig i psykosomatiska besvär och nedlåtande tankar och värderingar om sig själv. Resultaten visar även att det förebyggande arbetet kan fokusera på att synliggöra normer och prata om vad de betyder och vad de gör med oss. Detta för att ge eleverna en större förståelse för vad som omedvetet kan påverka dem och deras välmående.

Simulation analysis makes use of statistical distributions to specify the parameters of input data. It is well known that fitting a distribution to empirical data is more of an art than a science (Banks J., 1998, p. 74) because of the difficulty of constructing a 'good' histogram. The most difficult step is choosing an appropriate interval width. Too small a width will produce a ragged histogram, whereas too large a width will produce one that is overaggregated and block-like. De Beer and Swanepoel (1999) have developed 'Simple and effective number-of-bins circumference selectors' for creating histograms for the purpose of fitting distributions. When using simulation software such as Arena, one can generally fit distributions to input data using a built-in function in the software. If input distributions could be compared regarding their effect on the outcomes of a simulation model, one could assess whether input distributions generated by Arena could be accepted unconditionally or whether one should pay special attention to the input distributions used in the simulation model. In this study a simulation model of a computer helpdesk system is constructed to test the effect of input distributions. Distributions fitted with the 'circumference technique' are compared with those from the simulation package, Arena, and those calculated by the statistical package 'Statistica', and then compared with empirical distributions. In the helpdesk system, calls from employees experiencing problems with any computer hardware or software are logged, redirected when necessary, 'attended to, resolved and then closed. Queue statistics of the simulation model using input distributions suggested by Arena as opposed to input distributions deduced from the other methods are compared and a conclusion is reached as to how important or unimportant it is for this specific model to select appropriate input distributions. / Business Management / M. Com. (Quantitative Managemment)

Revisionsplikten för de minsta aktiebolagen i Sverige avskaffades 2010, främst för att minska dessa bolags kostnadsbörda. Detta skapade olika reaktioner hos bolagens externa intressenter, både positiva och negativa. Det sågs som positivt för företagandet i Sverige, men det uttryckes också oro för risken att fel i bokföring och deklarationer skulle öka när en revisor inte längre behövde granska dem. Dessa fel kan resultera i felaktigt redovisad skatt och ett ökat skattefel. I skattefel inkluderas alla fel som har en påverkan på den redovisade skatten, och de kan vara både avsiktliga och oavsiktliga. Skattefel påverkar många runt omkring företaget, bland annat de intressenter som verkar på den sociopolitiska arenan, så kallade Stakekeepers. De har inte någon direkt relation till företagets affärsverksamhet, men de har en indirekt betydelse för företaget genom sitt inflytande över opinion och lagstiftning. Dessa intressenters agerande och ställningstagande är idag ett underbeforskat område inom intressentteorin, och det är viktigt med denna teoretiska kunskap för att skapa förståelse för vad som sker på den sociopolitiska arenan. Då dessa intressenter har inflytande över lagstiftning måste lagstiftarna ta hänsyn till deras åsikter i sina betänkande kring nya lagändringar. Under 2015 ska regeringen göra en utvärdering av revisionspliktens avskaffande 2010, för att eventuellt genomföra en ytterligare höjning av gränsvärdena för revisionsplikt, och därmed göra revision frivillig för fler aktiebolag. Studiens syfte är att beskriva och förklara hur intressenter på den sociopolitiska arenan uppfattar skattefelets utveckling, om och på vilket sätt de relaterar denna utveckling till avskaffandet av revisionsplikten, samt vad som motiverar och påverkar deras ställningstagande vad gäller en eventuell framtida gränshöjning. För att uppfylla detta syfte har studien genomförts med en kvalitativ undersökning i form av intervjuer med fyra olika intressenter från den sociopolitiska arenan. Analysen av den empiriska datan, med stöd i den teoretiska referensramen, resulterade i tre slutsatser. Den första handlar om att de olika uppfattningarna kring skattefelets utveckling hos intressenterna på den sociopolitiska arenan har grund i deras respektive yrkeskunskaper. Den andra handlar om att de drivs och påverkas av sina respektive företrädarskap, främst om de är statligt eller privat företrädande. Den sista slutsatsen handlar om att de faktorer som påverkar hur intressenterna förhåller sig till en eventuell framtida gränshöjning är deras företrädarskap, ansvarstagande samt tillit till större företags redovisning / Mandatory auditing for the smallest limited companies in Sweden was abolished in 2010, mainly to reduce the cost burden for these small companies. This created different reactions among the companies' external stakeholders, both positive and negative. It was seen as positive for business in Sweden, but there was also concerns expressed about the risk of errors in the accounts and the declarations, and that they would increase when an auditor is no longer obligated to review them. These errors can result in improperly recognized tax and increased tax error. Tax error includes all errors that have an impact on the reported tax, and they can be both intentional and unintentional. Tax error affects many parties around the company, including the stakeholders operating in the social political arena, so called Stakekeepers. They do not have any direct relation to the company's business, but they have an indirect impact on the company through its influence on public opinion and legislation. These stakeholders' reactions and standingpoints is today a relatively unexplored area within the stakeholder theory, and this theoretical knowledge is important in order to create an understanding of what is happening on the social political arena. As these stakeholders have influence on legislation, the legislators must take their opinions into account in its reports on new legislative changes. During 2015, the government will undertake an assessment of the abolition of the mandatory auditing in 2010, to possibly conduct a further increase in the limits for mandatory auditing, and thus make the audit optional for more companies. The study aims to describe and explain how stakeholders in the social political arena perceive the tax error development, whether and how they relate this trend to the abolition of the mandatory auditing, and further what motivates and influences their position regarding a possible future limit raise. To meet this objective, the study was performed with a qualitative study in the form of interviews with four different stakeholders from the social political arena. The analysis of the empirical data, with the support of the theoretical framework, resulted in three conclusions. The first is about the different perceptions regarding the tax development among stakeholders in the social political arena, due to their professional skills. The second is that they are driven and influenced by their representation, particularly if they are representing the public or the private sector. The last conclusion is about the factors that affect how the stakeholders relate to a possible future limit raise. These factors are their representation, responsibility and their trust in larger companies accounting.

Analizuojant ES tapsmą didžiąja galybe nustatyta, kad tarptautinės prekybos kontekste išryškinamos trys prekybos lyderės – ES, Kinija bei JAV. Maksimalus liberalios prekybos privalumų išnaudojimas veikia ekonominių rodiklių augimą bei sustiprina ES padėtį pasaulyje. Todėl darbo problema apibrėžiama probleminiu klausimu – ar ekonominis ES potencialas ir turima įtaka pasaulinėje prekybos sistemoje leidžia ES tapatinti su didžiąja galia? Ginamieji teiginiai: • Išorinių ekonominių santykių dėka ES galia pasaulinėje arenoje įtvirtinama nuolat didėjant jos įtakai tarptautinės prekybos sistemoje; • ES, kitų didžiųjų galybių konstekste, dėl įtakos (ypač ekonominės) konkuruoja su Kinija bei JAV, kur pastebimas didėjantis Kinijos vaidmuo pasaulinėje arenoje. Darbo objektas – ES ir didžioji galybė. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti ES potencialą tapti didžiąja galybe pasaulinėje arenoje, remiantis ekonominiais ES galios indikatoriais. Išanalizavus ir palyginus ES, JAV bei Kinijos prekybinius santykius ir bendradarbiavimą nustatyta, jog ES, JAV bei Kinija ne tik traktuojamos kaip didžiosios ekonominės galybės pasaulinėje arenoje, bet ir viena su kita tampriai susijusios prekybiniais ryšiais. Tokia padėtis dar labiau nulemia ES galios stiprėjimą, nes tiek JAV, tike Kinija siekia stiprinti prekybinius ryšius su ES valstybėmis narėmis. Įvertinus ES padėtį pasaulinėje arenoje nustatyta, kad mokslininkų atlikti tyrimai atskleidžia įvairių pasaulio šalių poziciją galios atžvilgiu. Didžiausią... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The analysis of the EU becoming a great power revealed that three leaders such as EU, China and USA are highlighted in the international trade context. Maximum utilization of the advantages of a liberal trade affects and economic growth indicators strengthen the EU's position in the world. Therefore, significant issue defines the labor problem - whether the economic potential of the EU and held influence in the global trading system enables the EU to be synonymous with the most power? The main claims are discussed: • External economic relations through the EU’s power in the world market establish a permanent increase in the influence of the international trading system; • The EU and other major powers effects (especially economic) compete with China and the U.S., where China's growing role is observed in global arena. The object is the EU and the global power. The aim is to analyze the EU's potential to become a great power in the world arena, based on the economic power indicators. The analysis and comparison of the EU, the U.S. and China trade relations and cooperation stipulates that the EU, U.S. and China are not only considered as the major economic power in the global arena, but also with each other are closely related in trade relations. This situation is further determined by the strengthening of the EU's powers, as both the United States, China seeks to strengthen trade relations with the EU Member States. The evaluation of the EU's position in the global arena shows... [to full text]

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Why do people run for elective office? Indeed, it is a central topic in political science that arguably is controversial to reveal, but always appealing since public authority remains in office. This study provides an explorative analysis to investigate local elites’ motives running for local parliament and village offices respectively in Kebumen, Indonesia. In examining individual’s motives, experiences and meanings of candidates are analysed using thematic analysis methods to capture emerging ideas of initial motives, enabling and constraining factors that affect the motives, and how both motives alter. The empirical findings of this study show that “people demand” and “community service” are both socially driven motives which act as a catalyst for the initial motives in candidacy process. In contrast, “monetary incentives” and “personal satisfaction” are both individually driven motives, which in turn replace the initial motives in response to high-cost political competition, that is so-called money politics. This study also captures the emergence of religious motive in the shifting process of the socially driven to the individually driven motives. Eventually, the study affirms that both motives, in combination, constitute a political motive as a desire of power to hold an elective office.

La presente investigación tiene por finalidad corroborar los siguientes ensayos de campo: Ensayo de “Resistencia Seca” Ensayo de “Control de Fisuras con Arena Gruesa”. Cabe mencionar, que dichos ensayos fueron propuestos dentro de las conclusiones de la “Investigación Científica Innovativa: Edificaciones de Adobe en Áreas Sísmicas” realizada por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú en el año de 1983 y también incluidos en los Manuales de Construcción con Tierra. Si bien es cierto, los ensayos son sencillos de difundir y en general aceptados por las comunidades de constructores en tierra, la falencia es que no cuentan con un respaldo técnico adecuado. La importancia del sustento técnico radica particularmente en la sencillez de los ensayos y por la utilización de cualquier auto-constructor, albañil o maestro de obra de las áreas rurales, cuyo objetivo es determinar la factibilidad del suelo sin herramientas ni laboratorios que conlleven a tener la seguridad de seleccionar o descartar las posibles canteras locales. Al respecto, la finalidad del primer ensayo es reconocer si una cantera de tierra tiene la suficiente cantidad y/o calidad de arcilla para poder construir, por lo cual se moldean esferas de 20 mm de diámetro, se deja secar por 48 horas, procediéndose al ensayo a compresión con los dedos de la mano tratando de romperlas. Partiendo del supuesto anterior, cabe la posibilidad de agregar dos tipos de materiales tales como: Paja, la cual es una fibra vegetal resistente a las tracciones o Arena Gruesa de partículas entre 0.5mm - 5mm; con el fin de evitar el agrietamiento durante el secado. Asimismo, el segundo ensayo tiene como propósito evitar fisuras agregando arena gruesa a la tierra, generando una mezcla óptima sin grietas que conlleva al mejoramiento de la resistencia del material. Finalmente, se ha llegado a la conclusión que ambos ensayos son complementarios para tener certeza de que la cantera y la mezcla son las óptimas para la construcción en un mínimo tiempo, con lo cual se genera eficiencia, economía y seguridad. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueLoureiro.pdf: 906514 bytes, checksum: 55b264ae4558f6cc9a3de5b38037b6a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-19 / The technological evolution in the last two centuries, allied to the development of the large scale media, the advertising and propaganda, caught the attention of the legal world for the study of the image. Initially, this legally protected interest was inserted in the guardianship of other rights, such as the right to the honor, the right to the privacy, the copyright and the right to the proper body. Afterwards it was realized that it was an independent legally protected interest, deserving proper protection, otherwise it could constitute a gap in the guardianship of the personality. Treated with disdain for the Brazilian infraconstitutional legislator, the image was raised independent by the Federal Constitution of 1988, integrant of the roll of the stony clauses and essential basic right to the dignity of the person human being. The Federal Constitution also conceived a new meaning of image - beyond the physical conformation of the individual - that aggregate the attributes presented by a person to the society. Not sharing the same view of the Federal Constitution, the Civil Code of 2002 reduced the field of protection of the image, what, in it, imposes the need to recognize the unconstitutionality of its article 20 and to invoke article 5º, V and X, of the Federal Constitution, norms of full effectiveness and immediate applicability, and article 12 of the Civil Code, general clause of guardianship of the personality, to protect this legal interest. Currently can be observed in our Superior Courts decisions that determine the repairing of pain and suffering for the mere breaking of the right to the image, independently of injury to the honor or other rights of the personality, consecrating effectively the autonomy of this basic good of the personality. / A evolução tecnológica nos últimos dois séculos, aliada ao desenvolvimento dos meios de comunicação em massa e da publicidade e propaganda, despertaram a atenção do mundo jurídico para o estudo da imagem. Inicialmente, esse bem jurídico foi inserido na tutela de outros direitos, tais como o direito à honra, o direito à intimidade, o direito de autor e o direito ao próprio corpo. Vislumbrou-se, com o passar do tempo, que se tratava de bem jurídico autônomo, merecedor de proteção própria, sob pena de haver lacuna na tutela da personalidade. Tratada com desdém pelo legislador infraconstitucional brasileiro, a imagem foi elevada pelo Poder Constituinte Originário de 1988 a direito fundamental autônomo, integrante do rol das cláusulas pétreas e essencial à dignidade da pessoa humana. A Constituição Federal também concebeu uma nova acepção de imagem além da conformação física do indivíduo que consubstancia os atributos apresentado por uma pessoa à sociedade. Na contramão da Carta Maior, o Código Civil de 2002 reduziu o campo de proteção da imagem, o que nos impõe reconhecer a inconstitucionalidade do seu art. 20 e invocar o art. 5º, V e X, da Constituição Federal, normas de eficácia plena e aplicabilidade imediata, e o art. 12 do Código Civil, cláusula geral de tutela da personalidade, para proteger esse bem jurídico. Hodiernamente, observa-se em nossos Tribunais Superiores decisões que determinam a reparação de dano moral pela mera violação do direito à imagem, independentemente de lesão à honra ou a outros direitos, consagrando-se efetivamente a autonomia desse bem fundamental da personalidade

[pt] A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo suscitar uma discussão sobre a utilização da simulação computacional e analisar a sua viabilidade para tomadas de decisões gerenciais nas empresas de prestação de serviços siderúrgicos, mais especificamente a de transporte de placas de aço, RIP Serviços Siderúrgicos. Para isso, foram abordados conceitos e aspectos sobre a modelagem e simulação, etapas importantes para alcançar o modelo ideal de simulação, bem como as vantagens e desvantagens e suas principais aplicações. Além disso, foram apresentados softwares que são comumente utilizados para realizar as simulações, sendo que para este trabalho utiliza-se o Arena. A partir da modelagem e animação originada pelo software Arena e dos relatórios gerados pelo software foi possível elaborar cenários fundamentais para a tomada de decisões estratégicas empresariais, e mostrar a importância da ferramenta para o fortalecimento da empresa no mercado e melhoraria dos processos junto ao cliente. / [en] This research aims to raise a discussion on the computational simulation and analyze its viability for decision making in companies providing steel services, specifically the transport of steel plates, RIP Steel Services. For this, we discussed concepts and aspects of modeling and simulation, important steps to achieve the ideal model simulation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages and its main applications. Furthermore, we presented software that are commonly used to perform the simulations, and for this work we use the Arena. From the modeling and animation originated by software Arena and reports generated by the software it was possible to develop scenarios fundamental for making strategic business decisions, and show the importance of tool to strengthen the company s market and improve processes with the customer.

This bachelor thesis examines the library as a public sphere in the notion of Jürgen Habermas’ theory from 1962. The questions asked concerns how the public sphere is discussed in relation to Swedish public libraries today in our late modern society. The analyzed material consists of the Swedish Cultural Bill of 2009 and five qualitative interviews with librarians. The material is analyzed with two of the four social actions presented by the sociologist Maw Weber: value-rational and instrumental. The Cultural Bill handles the importance of public spheres in society, but does not recognize the possibility of public libraries as functioning as such. The interviewed librarians stress this function, but points out the problems in using it as an economic legitimizer of the institution. The difference between the perceived role of the public libraries in the statements from the librarians and the cultural bill probably explains the ambiguity in the librarians’ statements. There is a problem when the more abstract values of the libraries are not recognized in the cultural policy of today. The solution presented in the thesis accede the ongoing LIS research in the emphasis on the need of a more extensive definition of the library as a public sphere. / Program: Bibliotekarie