Submitted by Lúcio Nagib Bittencourt (lucionb@gmail.com) on 2014-04-25T00:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese - as organizacoes sociais e as acoes governamentais em cultura - lucio bittencourt 2014.pdf: 2587981 bytes, checksum: 80bd456e5adc07beba1edda908a6bffc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Tereza Fernandes Conselmo (maria.conselmo@fgv.br) on 2014-04-25T11:49:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese - as organizacoes sociais e as acoes governamentais em cultura - lucio bittencourt 2014.pdf: 2587981 bytes, checksum: 80bd456e5adc07beba1edda908a6bffc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-25T13:59:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese - as organizacoes sociais e as acoes governamentais em cultura - lucio bittencourt 2014.pdf: 2587981 bytes, checksum: 80bd456e5adc07beba1edda908a6bffc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Esta tese procura compreender como funciona um dos arranjos possíveis para a operacionalização de políticas públicas voltadas para o tema da cultura, o das Organizações Sociais; especificamente, estuda a experiência do Governo do Estado de São Paulo. A partir de revisão da literatura sobre a atuação do governo federal em cultura, das pesquisas produzidas no Brasil em perspectiva comparada com as experiências de outros países neste tema e daquelas voltadas particularmente para a discussão deste arranjo em São Paulo, propõe-se que as políticas públicas para este tema envolvem grande complexidade e ao menos três especificidades. Elas podem ser consideradas, em primeiro lugar, metapolíticas públicas, porque seus próprios processos, e não apenas seus efeitos, são considerados produção cultural; além disso, elas articulam consensos mínimos e soltos quanto ao papel que os governos devem cumprir neste tema, resultando em imprecisão quanto aos seus objetivos, ao mesmo tempo em que há pouco conhecimento disponível sobre o funcionamento e a construção cotidiana deste arranjo em particular. O estudo do caso paulista foi então realizado por meio de 31 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com gestores e técnicos da Secretaria de Estado da Cultura, das Organizações Sociais e com atuantes na Arena da Cultura. Grande multiplicidade foi encontrada: de atores presentes, governamentais e não governamentais; de estruturas envolvidas; de trajetórias pessoais; de descrição de seus fluxos e processos; das ações promovidas; de controvérsias; e das expectativas sobre políticas públicas culturais operacionalizadas. Diante destas características, esta tese sustenta que a noção de ação pública em arenas híbridas oferece grande contribuição para compreender e explicar a operacionalização de políticas públicas em contextos de alta complexidade, como no caso deste arranjo das Organizações Sociais para o tema da cultura. Através dela, torna-se possível reconhecer e conectar as diferentes pessoas, ideias e estruturas envolvidas no cotidiano de seu funcionamento, assim como as várias linguagens de ação pública presentes – sendo a das políticas públicas uma delas – e as incertezas que permeiam as controvérsias sociotécnicas presentes na arena, tornando-a híbrida. Neste contexto, a ampliação do diálogo aparece como alternativa para a construção e aprendizagem de novos caminhos para a prática das ações governamentais em cultura. / The present thesis addresses the operationalization of cultural public policies, focusing on the São Paulo State Government experience with the so-called Social Organizations arrangement. Literature reviews were developed regarding how the Brazilian federal government has acted on this issue so far, about Brazilian studies of cultural policies in a comparative perspective, as well as in relation to the referred specific arrangement now in place for 10 years in the State of São Paulo. Based on those reviews, it is hereby espoused that policies in question are complex and have at least three specificities, i.e., they are metapolicies, since not only their results, but also their processes, are perceived as a cultural project; they connect loose and minimal agreements regarding the role that governments should play in this field, resulting in vagueness about their goals; nonetheless, it is acknowledged the insufficient data available on the actual daily performance of this specific arrangement. In that sense, 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted in the State Department of Culture, with Social Organization managers and technicians, as well as personnel acting on the cultural arena although not directly involved in the arrangement. Great multiplicity was indeed identified: governmental and non-governmental organizations work together; different organizational structures, personal experiences, descriptions about process sequences, actions performed, questions asked, and expectations about the policy they were supposed to operate through this arrangement. Therefore, it is hereby suggested that the notion of public action in hybrid arenas is of utmost relevance for recognition and handling of the complexities involved in public policies operationalization, as in the case of the referred arrangement of Social Organizations regarding the topic of culture. Through this concept, the recognition and connection between different people, ideas and structures involved in its daily functioning becomes possible, as well as in relation to other languages of public actions involved - being the public policies one of them - and the uncertainties which compose the sociotechnical controversies experienced in the arena, becoming hybrid. In this context, dialogue amplification emerges as an alternative for the construction and learning of new routes regarding the practice of cultural governmental actions.

Syfte: Det övergripande vetenskapliga syftet med denna avhandling att nå en ökad förståelse om samverkansprocesser. Ansats och metoder: Studien har bedrivits genom deltagarorienterad aktionsforskning inom hälso- och sjukvården i Hässleholm. Aktörer på verksamhetsfältet har strävat efter att utveckla samverkan för att tillsammans kunna utveckla närsjukvård. Forskningen har genererat kunskap utifrån lokala omständigheter att tjäna som underlag för beslut om att genomföra praktiska förändringar i verksamheten. En kombination av olika metoder har använts för att generera empiriskt material, där den huvudsakliga metoden har varit deltagande observationer med dialog. Därutöver har intervjuer och granskning av dokument använts samt en forskningscirkel, som är en speciell metod inom deltagarorienterad aktionsforskning. Studien har haft en hermeneutisk ansats och tolkningar har gjorts med stöd av olika teoretiska perspektiv och modeller. Kurt Lewins fältteori har utgjort en övergripande teoretisk ram för studien. Resultat: En ökad förståelse om den studerade samverkansprocessen kunde nås genom att beskriva och tolka skeenden som antogs ha påverkat utvecklingen av samverkan. Processen beskrevs både utifrån vertikal och horisontell integrering inom och mellan organisationer. Beskrivningen innefattade komponenter som fanns både inom arbetsprocesser och sociala processer. Den studerade samverkansprocessen delades in i delprocesser där var och en del innehöll en viss typ av aktivitet som genomfördes för att stödja utvecklingen av samverkan. Två olika strategier för utvecklingen av samverkan identifierades och illustrerades genom olika modeller: den linjära hierarkiska modellen respektive den dynamiska modellen. Den sistnämnda utvecklades genom aktionsforskningen. Slutsatser:I ett första skede bedrev deltagarna på fältet samverkan med stöd av den linjära hierarkiska modellen. Denna modell utgör ett tankeschema där samverkan utvecklas i en linjär hierarkisk process. Politiker fattar beslut, chefer planerar och professionella genomför aktiviteterna. Modellen utgår ifrån ett konsensusteoretiskt perspektiv där konflikter betraktas som störande element. Det innebar i detta fall att aktörer inom olika domäner och organisationer undvek varandras olika föreställningsvärldar varpå samverkansprocessen stötte  på hinder i utvecklingen. Aktionsforskningen intervenerade i processen genom arrangera kommunikationsarenor med deltagare från olika domäner och organisationer. Samverkan utvecklades på så sätt utifrån den dynamiska modellen. Denna modell innehåller antaganden om att samverkansprocesser är dynamiska och har sin utgångspunkt i ett konfliktteoretiskt perspektiv där konflikter betraktas som naturliga i processen. / Objective: The general scientific objective of this thesis is to reach a greater understanding of processes of collaboration. Design and methods: The study was conducted through participatory action research within the health services of Hässleholm, Sweden. The people involved, who were participants of different activities related to health care, aimed at developing their collaboration in a collective attempt to facilitate the development of an integrated local health care. Based on local circumstances and perspectives, the research has generated knowledge on which future decisions on how to implement practical changes can be made. A combination of various methods was used to generate empirical material, where the main method was participant observation with dialogue. In addition, interviews and document reviews were conducted as well as the use of collaborative inquiry, which is a specific method within participatory action research. The study was conducted according to a hermeneutic approach and interpretations were supported by various theoretical perspectives and models. Kurt Lewin's field theory constituted a general theoretical frame of reference for the study. Results: By describing and interpreting the course of events that were presumed to have an impact on the development of collaboration, a greater understanding of the observed collaboration process was achieved. The process was described in terms of vertical as well as horizontal integration within and between organisations. This description included components that were present in work processes as well as social processes. The observed collaboration process was divided into sub-processes, each of them containing a certain type of activity that was performed in support of the development of collaboration. Strategies for development of collaboration were identified and illustrated by different models: the linear hierarchical model and the dynamic model. The latter was developed through action research. Conclusions: At an initial stage, collaboration among the participants in the field was supported by a linear hierarchical model, which constitutes a mind map where collaboration is developed in a linear hierarchical process. Politicians make decisions, managers make plans and professionals implement activities. The model emanates from a consensus theoretical perspective, where conflicts are regarded as disruptive elements. In this case, participants from various domains and organisations avoided the different conceptual worlds of one another, which led to impediments in the developments of the collaboration process. The action research made it possible to intervene in the process by arranging communication arenas with and for participants from the different domains and organisations. Thus, collaboration came to evolve from a dynamic model, which includes the assumption that collaboration processes are dynamic and is based on a conflict theoretical perspective, where conflicts are regarded as natural aspects of the processes.

Syfte: Det övergripande vetenskapliga syftet med denna avhandling att nå en ökad förståelse om samverkansprocesser. Ansats och metoder: Studien har bedrivits genom deltagarorienterad aktionsforskning inom hälso- och sjukvården i Hässleholm. Aktörer på verksamhetsfältet har strävat efter att utveckla samverkan för att tillsammans kunna utveckla närsjukvård. Forskningen har genererat kunskap utifrån lokala omständigheter att tjäna som underlag för beslut om att genomföra praktiska förändringar i verksamheten. En kombination av olika metoder har använts för att generera empiriskt material, där den huvudsakliga metoden har varit deltagande observationer med dialog. Därutöver har intervjuer och granskning av dokument använts samt en forskningscirkel, som är en speciell metod inom deltagarorienterad aktionsforskning. Studien har haft en hermeneutisk ansats och tolkningar har gjorts med stöd av olika teoretiska perspektiv och modeller. Kurt Lewins fältteori har utgjort en övergripande teoretisk ram för studien. Resultat: En ökad förståelse om den studerade samverkansprocessen kunde nås genom att beskriva och tolka skeenden som antogs ha påverkat utvecklingen av samverkan. Processen beskrevs både utifrån vertikal och horisontell integrering inom och mellan organisationer. Beskrivningen innefattade komponenter som fanns både inom arbetsprocesser och sociala processer. Den studerade samverkansprocessen delades in i delprocesser där var och en del innehöll en viss typ av aktivitet som genomfördes för att stödja utvecklingen av samverkan. Två olika strategier för utvecklingen av samverkan identifierades och illustrerades genom olika modeller: den linjära hierarkiska modellen respektive den dynamiska modellen. Den sistnämnda utvecklades genom aktionsforskningen. Slutsatser:I ett första skede bedrev deltagarna på fältet samverkan med stöd av den linjära hierarkiska modellen. Denna modell utgör ett tankeschema där samverkan utvecklas i en linjär hierarkisk process. Politiker fattar beslut, chefer planerar och professionella genomför aktiviteterna. Modellen utgår ifrån ett konsensusteoretiskt perspektiv där konflikter betraktas som störande element. Det innebar i detta fall att aktörer inom olika domäner och organisationer undvek varandras olika föreställningsvärldar varpå samverkansprocessen stötte  på hinder i utvecklingen. Aktionsforskningen intervenerade i processen genom arrangera kommunikationsarenor med deltagare från olika domäner och organisationer. Samverkan utvecklades på så sätt utifrån den dynamiska modellen. Denna modell innehåller antaganden om att samverkansprocesser är dynamiska och har sin utgångspunkt i ett konfliktteoretiskt perspektiv där konflikter betraktas som naturliga i processen. / Objective: The general scientific objective of this thesis is to reach a greater understanding of processes of collaboration. Design and methods: The study was conducted through participatory action research within the health services of Hässleholm, Sweden. The people involved, who were participants of different activities related to health care, aimed at developing their collaboration in a collective attempt to facilitate the development of an integrated local health care. Based on local circumstances and perspectives, the research has generated knowledge on which future decisions on how to implement practical changes can be made. A combination of various methods was used to generate empirical material, where the main method was participant observation with dialogue. In addition, interviews and document reviews were conducted as well as the use of collaborative inquiry, which is a specific method within participatory action research. The study was conducted according to a hermeneutic approach and interpretations were supported by various theoretical perspectives and models. Kurt Lewin's field theory constituted a general theoretical frame of reference for the study. Results: By describing and interpreting the course of events that were presumed to have an impact on the development of collaboration, a greater understanding of the observed collaboration process was achieved. The process was described in terms of vertical as well as horizontal integration within and between organisations. This description included components that were present in work processes as well as social processes. The observed collaboration process was divided into sub-processes, each of them containing a certain type of activity that was performed in support of the development of collaboration. Strategies for development of collaboration were identified and illustrated by different models: the linear hierarchical model and the dynamic model. The latter was developed through action research. Conclusions: At an initial stage, collaboration among the participants in the field was supported by a linear hierarchical model, which constitutes a mind map where collaboration is developed in a linear hierarchical process. Politicians make decisions, managers make plans and professionals implement activities. The model emanates from a consensus theoretical perspective, where conflicts are regarded as disruptive elements. In this case, participants from various domains and organisations avoided the different conceptual worlds of one another, which led to impediments in the developments of the collaboration process. The action research made it possible to intervene in the process by arranging communication arenas with and for participants from the different domains and organisations. Thus, collaboration came to evolve from a dynamic model, which includes the assumption that collaboration processes are dynamic and is based on a conflict theoretical perspective, where conflicts are regarded as natural aspects of the processes.

Cette thèse engagée à partir des enjeux de la transformation du paysage international de l’éducation supérieure et ses implications au niveau local et national de l’organisation des universités. Basé dans une approche néo-rationaliste des interactions entre acteurs et les systèmes d’enseignement supérieure, le concept gigogne d’arènes académiques et les processus de couplage/découplage, l’analyse se focalise sur le cas d’étude du développement, implantation et ajustement d’un dispositif de calcul des services d’enseignant-chercheur. La méthodologie est basée sur une observation participante de longue durée, l’action-recherche et la méthode d’étude de cas. L’analyse quantitative relative à la transformation de la structure et de la performance des enseignants-chercheurs avec les accomplissements de l’université est combinée avec l’analyse qualitative de données collectées par des entretiens individuels et de groupes conduits avec des enseignants-chercheurs, des membres de la direction de l’université ainsi qu’avec des experts de l’enseignement supérieur malaisien et international. Les analyses conduites démontrent – au niveau de l’organisation universitaire – la capacité de négociation des académiques et du management par rapport à leurs rôles et conditions d’avancement de carrière est central dans l’instrumentation du dispositif de calcul des services. Au niveau national, les analyses soulignent la complémentarité entre institutions d’éducation supérieure privées et publiques. Au niveau international, les analyses soulignent la capacité d’ajustement du système universitaire et des politiques malaisiennes relatives à l’enseignement supérieur et à la recherche pour la régulation de leurs positions dans l’arène académique internationale. / This thesis is based on issues concerning the changing landscape of higher education globally and its implication at the local and national levels of the organization of universities. Drawn from the neo-rationalism perspective on the interactions between actors and higher education systems, the ‘gigogne’ concept of the academic arenas and coupling / decoupling processes, the analysis focuses on the case study of the development, implementation and adjustment of academic workload model. The methodology applied is based on long-term participant observation, action research and case study approaches. It is mixing quantitative analysis of the transformation of the academics’ performance and structure with the university’s achievement. On the other hand, this quantitative approach is complimented with the qualitative analysis of data gathered through formal interviews and focus groups, conducted with academics, senior management of the university and as well as experts of the higher education system in Malaysia and globally.Conclusions from the findings demonstrate – at the organizational level of the university - the capability of negotiation of the academics and senior management with regards to their roles and conditions of career advancement is central in the instrumentation of the academic workload system. At the national level, it highlights the complementary action between public and private higher education institutions. At the international level, it stresses on the capability of adjustment of the university organization system and the Malaysian higher education policy to redefine itself in regulating its position at the arenas of international bodies in higher education.

O presente trabalho visa analisar a produção científica brasileira no contexto das pesquisas realizadas no ambiente antártico, a qual envolve cientistas e não cientistas, civis e militares. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar os fatores que constroem a ciência brasileira no contexto do Programa Antártico Brasileiro - PROANTAR, mapeando atores e instituições que formam o Programa, considerando o contexto de produção dessa ciência, bem como os aspectos sociais que permeiam a construção do conhecimento científico no PROANTAR. Analisa-se a produção científica no PROANTAR, a partir do conceito de arenas transepistêmicas de Karin Knorr-Cetina, o qual compreende a ciência como um produto das negociações de cientistas e não cientistas, cada um com seus interesses e argumentos, este atores juntos trabalham com o objetivo de realizar um projeto comum, no caso o desenvolvimento do Programa Antártico Brasileiro. É possível afirmar que há uma arena transepistêmica em torno ao Programa Antártico Brasileira, a qual mobiliza os atores que possuem interesses relativos ao PROANTAR, interesses que são relativos e próprios dos segmentos científico, logístico, ambiental e político e na busca pela realização destes estabelecem negociações na arena. Por outro lado, há o trabalho conjunto das distintas epistemes da arena para que seja possível manter as atividades brasileiras na Antártica. / This study aims to analyze the Brazilian scientific production in the context of research conducted in the Antarctic environment, which involves scientists and nonscientists, civil and military. The general aim of this research is to analyze the factors that build the Brazilian science in the context of the Brazilian Antarctic Program, mapping out actors and institutions that make up the Program, considering the context of production of this science and the social aspects that underlie the construction of scientific knowledge in PROANTAR. Scientific production in PROANTAR is analyzed by the concept of transepistemic arenas of Karin Knorr Cetina, which understand science as a product of negotiations by scientists and nonscientists, each one with their concerns and arguments, this actors work together in order to accomplish a joint project, the development of the Brazilian Antarctic Program in this context. We will approach the scientists as members of a scientific community that is heterogeneous. In addition to a literature review on the topic, this paper presents the analysis of interviews with scientists and non-scientists linked to PROANTAR as well as the analysis of documents produced by the bodies responsible for the Program. It is expected that this work can contribute to the planning of the new directions of PROANTAR, through an analysis of negotiations and interests among the actors in the transepistemic arenas of PROANTAR.

Bakgrund: Under de senaste åren har debatten om ungdomars psykiska besvär hamnat i rampljuset. Undersökningar som gjorts på området visar bland annat att orsakerna, till att ungdomar upplever känslor som ångest, oro och stress, kan vara ökad individualisering och ökad valfrihet. Dagens samhälle erbjuder en rad olika valmöjligheter och livsstilar och det kan för vissa ungdomar vara en utmaning att orientera sig bland dessa.  Syfte: Med redogörelser och resonemang, som beskrivs i uppsatsen, kan man anta att de förändringar som skett, i takt med det moderna samhällets framväxt, har påverkat ungdomarnas situation i samhället. Uppsatsen syfte är att lyfta fram en grupp ungdomar som upplever ett sviktande välbefinnande och presentera deras berättelser för att på så vis synliggöra deras inställning till hur dagens samhälle påverkar deras välbefinnande. Jag vill även skapa en förståelse för hur de rör sig inom och förhåller sig till olika samhällsarenor och sociala arenor. Metod: Studien är baserad på narrativ metod. I de narrativa intervjuerna användes en halvstrukturerad intervjuguide med övergripande teman. Insamling av materialet har skett genom livsberättelser med fem respondenter och under samtalets gång har följdfrågor ställts som varit relevanta i det unika mötet. Teori: Studien lyfter fram begreppen individualisering, främre och bakre region, val av livsstilar, anomi och sociala band. Dessa begrepp har varit till hjälp i analyseringen av materialet, vilket utgörs av ungdomarnas berättelser, samt i besvarandet av syftet och frågeställningarna. Resultat: Resultatet visade att förändringar inom samhällsarenor och sociala arenor har påverkat ungdomarna och deras välbefinnande. De upplever svårigheter i att förhålla sig till omgivningen, arbetslivet och orientera sig bland samhällets olika valmöjligheter. Vidare visar också resultatet att de arenor som är av betydelse för ungdomarnas välbefinnande är sociala relationer och meningsfulla aktiviteter och det är inom dessa som ungdomarna upplever att deras välbefinnande påverkas positivt. / Background: The mental state of adolescents has during the last years ended up in the spotlight. Studies have shown that the causes to the health issues have been increased individualization and increased freedom of choice. The society today offers a variety of options and lifestyles and for some adolescents it could be a challenge to choose among them.   Purpose: With statements and arguments that the study describes, one can assume that the changes that have occurred have affected the situation of the youths in the society. This essay aims to highlight a group of young people with declining well-being and present their stories to thereby display their approach to the way our society has affect their well-being. I also want to create an understanding of how they relates to different social arenas. Methodology: The study is based on narrative methodology. A semi structural interview guide with themes has been used to gathering information from the young people; the data collected consists of five life stories and follow-up questions. Theory: The terms in the study are individualization, front and back stage, the choice of lifestyles, anomie and social bonds. These terms have been helpful in analyzing the narratives and to answer the purpose.   Results: The results showed that the changes within the different social arenas have affected adolescents and their well-being. They experienced difficulties to relate to the environment, work and to orient among various choices of the society. The study also showed that the social arenas that are of importance to the adolescents’ well-being are social bonds and meaningful activities.

Syfte: Det övergripande vetenskapliga syftet med denna avhandling att nå en ökad förståelse om samverkansprocesser. Ansats och metoder: Studien har bedrivitsgenom deltagarorienterad aktionsforskning inom hälso-och sjukvården i Hässleholm. Aktörer på verksamhetsfältet har strävatefter att utveckla samverkan för att tillsammans kunna utveckla närsjukvård. Forskningen hargenereratkunskap utifrån lokala omständigheteratttjäna som underlag för beslut om att genomföra praktiska förändringar i verksamheten. En kombination av olika metoder har använts för att generera empiriskt material, där den huvudsakliga metoden har varit deltagande observationer med dialog. Därutöver har intervjuer och granskning av dokument använts samt en forskningscirkel, som är en speciellmetod inom deltagarorienterad aktionsforskning. Studien har haft en hermeneutisk ansats och tolkningar har gjorts med stöd av olika teoretiska perspektiv och modeller. Kurt Lewins fältteori har utgjort en övergripande teoretisk ram för studien. Resultat: En ökad förståelseom den studerade samverkansprocessen kunde nås genom att beskriva och tolka skeenden som antogs ha påverkat utvecklingen av samverkan. Processen beskrevs både utifrån vertikal och horisontell integrering inom och mellan organisationer. Beskrivningen innefattade komponenter som fanns både inom arbetsprocesser och sociala processer. Den studerade samverkansprocessen delades in i delprocesser där var och en del innehöll en viss typ av aktivitet som genomfördes för att stödja utvecklingen av samverkan. Två olika strategier för utvecklingen av samverkan identifieradesoch illustrerades genom olika modeller: den linjära hierarkiska modellen respektive den dynamiska modellen. Den sistnämnda utveckladesgenom aktionsforskningen. Slutsatser: I ett första skede bedrevdeltagarna på fältet samverkan med stöd av den linjära hierarkiska modellen. Denna modell utgör ett tankeschema där samverkan utvecklas i en linjär hierarkisk process. Politiker fattar beslut, chefer planerar och professionella genomför aktiviteterna. Modellen utgår ifrån ett konsensusteoretiskt perspektiv där konflikter betraktas som störande element. Det innebar i detta fallatt aktörer inom olika domäner och organisationer undvek varandras olika föreställningsvärldar varpå samverkansprocessen stötte på hinder i utvecklingen. Aktionsforskningen intervenerade i processen genom arrangera kommunikationsarenor med deltagare från olika domäner och organisationer. Samverkan utvecklades på så sätt utifrån den dynamiska modellen. Denna modell innehåller antaganden om att samverkansprocesser är dynamiska och har sin utgångspunkt i ett konfliktteoretiskt perspektiv där konflikter betraktas som naturliga i processen. / Objective: The general scientific objective of this thesis is to reach a greater understanding of processes of collaboration. Design and methods: The study was conducted through participatory action research within the health services of Hässleholm, Sweden. The people involved, who were participants of different activities related to health care, aimed at developing their collaboration in a collective attempt to facilitate the development of an integrated local health care. Based on local circumstances and perspectives, the research has generated knowledge on which future decisions on how to implement practical changes can be made. A combination of various methods was used to generate empirical material, where the main method was participant observation withdialogue. In addition, interviews and document reviews were conducted as well as the use of collaborative inquiry,which is a specific method within participatory action research. The study was conducted according to a hermeneutic approach and interpretations were supported by various theoretical perspectives and models. Kurt Lewin's field theory constituted a general theoretical frame of reference for the study. Results: By describing and interpreting the course of events that were presumed to have an impact on the development of collaboration, a greater understanding of the observed collaboration process was achieved. The process was described in terms of vertical as well as horizontal integration within and between organisations. This description included components that were present in work processes as well as social processes. The observed collaboration process was divided into sub-processes, each of them containing a certain type of activity that was performed in support of the development of collaboration. Strategies for development of collaboration were identified and illustrated by different models: the linear hierarchical model and the dynamic model. The latter was developed through action research. Conclusions: At an initial stage, collaborationamong the participants in the field was supported by a linear hierarchical model, which constitutes a mind map where collaboration is developed in a linear hierarchical process. Politicians make decisions, managers make plans and professionals implement activities. The model emanates from a consensus theoretical perspective, where conflicts are regarded as disruptive elements. In this case, participants from various domains and organisations avoided the different conceptual worlds of one another, which ledto impediments in the developments of the collaboration process. The action research made it possible to intervene in the process by arranging communication arenas with and for participants from the different domains and organisations. Thus, collaborationcame to evolve from a dynamic model, which includes the assumption that collaboration processes are dynamic and is based on a conflict theoretical perspective, where conflicts are regarded as natural aspects of the processes

Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Literatura

O presente trabalho visa analisar a produção científica brasileira no contexto das pesquisas realizadas no ambiente antártico, a qual envolve cientistas e não cientistas, civis e militares. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar os fatores que constroem a ciência brasileira no contexto do Programa Antártico Brasileiro - PROANTAR, mapeando atores e instituições que formam o Programa, considerando o contexto de produção dessa ciência, bem como os aspectos sociais que permeiam a construção do conhecimento científico no PROANTAR. Analisa-se a produção científica no PROANTAR, a partir do conceito de arenas transepistêmicas de Karin Knorr-Cetina, o qual compreende a ciência como um produto das negociações de cientistas e não cientistas, cada um com seus interesses e argumentos, este atores juntos trabalham com o objetivo de realizar um projeto comum, no caso o desenvolvimento do Programa Antártico Brasileiro. É possível afirmar que há uma arena transepistêmica em torno ao Programa Antártico Brasileira, a qual mobiliza os atores que possuem interesses relativos ao PROANTAR, interesses que são relativos e próprios dos segmentos científico, logístico, ambiental e político e na busca pela realização destes estabelecem negociações na arena. Por outro lado, há o trabalho conjunto das distintas epistemes da arena para que seja possível manter as atividades brasileiras na Antártica. / This study aims to analyze the Brazilian scientific production in the context of research conducted in the Antarctic environment, which involves scientists and nonscientists, civil and military. The general aim of this research is to analyze the factors that build the Brazilian science in the context of the Brazilian Antarctic Program, mapping out actors and institutions that make up the Program, considering the context of production of this science and the social aspects that underlie the construction of scientific knowledge in PROANTAR. Scientific production in PROANTAR is analyzed by the concept of transepistemic arenas of Karin Knorr Cetina, which understand science as a product of negotiations by scientists and nonscientists, each one with their concerns and arguments, this actors work together in order to accomplish a joint project, the development of the Brazilian Antarctic Program in this context. We will approach the scientists as members of a scientific community that is heterogeneous. In addition to a literature review on the topic, this paper presents the analysis of interviews with scientists and non-scientists linked to PROANTAR as well as the analysis of documents produced by the bodies responsible for the Program. It is expected that this work can contribute to the planning of the new directions of PROANTAR, through an analysis of negotiations and interests among the actors in the transepistemic arenas of PROANTAR.

O presente trabalho visa analisar a produção científica brasileira no contexto das pesquisas realizadas no ambiente antártico, a qual envolve cientistas e não cientistas, civis e militares. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar os fatores que constroem a ciência brasileira no contexto do Programa Antártico Brasileiro - PROANTAR, mapeando atores e instituições que formam o Programa, considerando o contexto de produção dessa ciência, bem como os aspectos sociais que permeiam a construção do conhecimento científico no PROANTAR. Analisa-se a produção científica no PROANTAR, a partir do conceito de arenas transepistêmicas de Karin Knorr-Cetina, o qual compreende a ciência como um produto das negociações de cientistas e não cientistas, cada um com seus interesses e argumentos, este atores juntos trabalham com o objetivo de realizar um projeto comum, no caso o desenvolvimento do Programa Antártico Brasileiro. É possível afirmar que há uma arena transepistêmica em torno ao Programa Antártico Brasileira, a qual mobiliza os atores que possuem interesses relativos ao PROANTAR, interesses que são relativos e próprios dos segmentos científico, logístico, ambiental e político e na busca pela realização destes estabelecem negociações na arena. Por outro lado, há o trabalho conjunto das distintas epistemes da arena para que seja possível manter as atividades brasileiras na Antártica. / This study aims to analyze the Brazilian scientific production in the context of research conducted in the Antarctic environment, which involves scientists and nonscientists, civil and military. The general aim of this research is to analyze the factors that build the Brazilian science in the context of the Brazilian Antarctic Program, mapping out actors and institutions that make up the Program, considering the context of production of this science and the social aspects that underlie the construction of scientific knowledge in PROANTAR. Scientific production in PROANTAR is analyzed by the concept of transepistemic arenas of Karin Knorr Cetina, which understand science as a product of negotiations by scientists and nonscientists, each one with their concerns and arguments, this actors work together in order to accomplish a joint project, the development of the Brazilian Antarctic Program in this context. We will approach the scientists as members of a scientific community that is heterogeneous. In addition to a literature review on the topic, this paper presents the analysis of interviews with scientists and non-scientists linked to PROANTAR as well as the analysis of documents produced by the bodies responsible for the Program. It is expected that this work can contribute to the planning of the new directions of PROANTAR, through an analysis of negotiations and interests among the actors in the transepistemic arenas of PROANTAR.