A presente tese analisa a emergência da modernidade musical brasileira entre os anos 1889 e 1914. Analisa os discursos que a historiografia panorâmica tradicional brasileira construiu sobre a música de concerto daquele período, e analisa os discursos produzidos na própria época. Verifica que as iniciativas de atualização técnica e estilística da música de concerto respondiam a uma política oficial de modernização das artes, que tinha a Europa como modelo de civilização. Verifica também que a cultura das elites republicanas utilizava a prática da música de concerto como um mecanismo de distinção social. Conclui que as interações entre as concepções elitistas sobre música, as teorias raciais, o evolucionismo, e o cosmopolitismo legitimavam práticas culturais excludentes, reafirmando hierarquias sociais. Tais interações resultaram no aprofundamento do abismo entre a música de concerto e o público, na afirmação de hierarquias entre gêneros musicais, na valorização da noção de autonomia da obra musical e na manutenção dos vínculos com a música europeia, impedindo o surgimento de movimentos de vanguarda musical contra hegemônicos no Brasil no início do século XX. / This thesis analyzes the emergence of Brazilian musical modernity between the years 1889 and 1914. It analyzes the discourses that the Brazilian traditional panoramic historiography has elaborated about art music of that period, and analyzes the discourses produced at the time. It notes that the initiatives for the technical and stylistic art music\'s updating have risen in response to an official politics of modernization of fine arts, which had Europe as a model of civilization. It also notes that the culture of the Republican elites has used the practice of art music as a mechanism of social distinction. It concludes that the interactions between elitist conceptions about music, racial theories, evolutionism, and cosmopolitanism have legitimized exclusionary cultural practices, reaffirming social hierarchies. These interactions have resulted in a deepening gap between art music and the public, in the affirmation of hierarchies between musical genres, in the valorization of autonomy\'s notion of the musical work and in the maintenance of links with European music, preventing the emergence of vanguard movements counter-hegemonic in Brazil in the early twentieth Century.

Instrument privilégié des compositeurs d’aujourd’hui, l’accordéon est désormais doté d’un vaste répertoire de musique savante : que ce soit en solo, en musique de chambre, dans l’ensemble ou l’orchestre, la profusion des œuvres est le témoignage d’une intégration de plus en plus grande de cet instrument à la création musicale et l’orchestration contemporaine. Cette recherche explore le développement de la création musicale contemporaine pour l’accordéon en Europe depuis 1990 : la constitution d’un corpus de plus de 9100 œuvres – Ricordo al futuro – est le point de départ d’une étude sociologique sur les raisons qui ont motivé ce développement, un regard sur la définition d’une nouvelle identité sonore de l’instrument et une analyse des différentes conceptions esthétiques du répertoire des accordéonistes en Europe. Par la création d’outils à destination des interprètes et des compositeurs, cette recherche se donne pour objectif d’encourager la diffusion d’œuvres récentes auprès de tous les publics. / Cherished by many composers today, the contemporary accordion posseses a vast body of art music. Whether it be solo, chamber, ensemble or orchestral repertoire, the sheer abundance of works with accordion rightfully reflects a growing integration of the instrument within musical creation and contemporary orchestration. This project explores the development of European contemporary music composed for the accordion since 1990, seen through the making of Ricordo al futuro, a vast corpus consisting of more than 9100 works. This database has been used as a starting point for an investigation into the coining of a new sonic identity, a sociological study on the reasons which have triggered this development and a meticulous analysis of the diverging aesthetic conceptions of accordion repertoire in Europe. By creating tools destined for both performers and composers, this research project aims to help circulate this new and extremely rich repertoire to as many audiences as possible.

"Compositional Approaches to New Media Paradigms" is the discursive accompaniment to the original composition BoMoH, (a new media chamber opera. A variety of new media concepts and practices are discussed in relation to their use as a contemporary compositional methodology for computer musicians and digital content producers. This paper aligns relevant discourse with a variety of concepts as they influence and affect the compositional process. This paper does not propose a new working method; rather it draws attention to a contemporary interdisciplinary practice that facilitates new possibilities for engagement and aesthetics in digital art/music. Finally, in demonstrating a selection of the design principals, from a variety of new media theories of interest, in compositional structure and concept, it is my hope to provide composers and computer musicians with a tested resource that will function as a helpful set of working guidelines for producing new media enabled art, sonic or otherwise.

This paper discusses several compositions that use the computer screen to present music notation to performers. Three of these compositions, Law of Fives (2015), Polytera II (2016), and Terraformation (2016–17), employ strategies that allow the notation to change during the performance of the work as the product of composer-regulated algorithmic generation and performer interaction. New methodologies, implemented using Cycling74's Max software, facilitate performance of these works by allowing effective control of generation and on-screen display of notation; these include an application called VizScore, which delivers notation and conducts through it in real-time, and a development environment for real-time notation using the Bach extensions and graphical overlays around them. These tools support a concept of cartographic composition, in which a composer maps a range of potential behaviors that are mediated by human or algorithmic systems or some combination of the two. Notational variation in performance relies on computer algorithms that can both generate novel ideas and be subject to formal plans designed by the composer. This requires a broader discussion of the underlying algorithms and control mechanisms in the context of algorithmic art in general. Terraformation, for viola and computer, uses a model of the performer's physical actions to constrain the algorithmic generation of musical material displayed in on-screen notation. The resulting action-based on-screen notation system combines common practice notation with fingerboard tablature, color gradients, and abstract graphics. This hybrid model of dynamic notation puts unconventional demands on the performer; implications of this new performance practice are addressed, including behaviors, challenges, and freedoms of real-time notation.

This thesis explores collage music's formal elements in an attempt to better understand its various themes and apply them in a workable format. I explore the work of John Zorn; how time is perceived in acoustic collage music and the concept of "super tempo"; musical quotation and appropriation in acoustic collage music; the definition of acoustic collage music in relation to other acoustic collage works; and musical montages addressing the works of Charles Ives, Lucciano Berio, George Rochberg, and DJ Orange. The last part of this paper discusses the compositional process used in the works Tempered Confetti and Venni, Viddi, – and how all issues of composing acoustic collage music are addressed therein.

This dissertation explores the analysis and creation of compositions from the standpoint of texture and momentum. It is comprised of four chapters. The first presents a number of concepts as tools for analysis, including textural typography and transformation, perception of time and psychological engagement of an audience, and respiration as a metaphor for musical momentum. The second and third chapters apply these tools to Gerard Grisey's "Periodes" and "Partiels," and Brian Ferneyhough's "Lemma-Icon-Epigram." The fourth explores specific methodologies used in composing my dissertation piece, "Phase," including the application of number systems ranging from formal to local levels.

No description available.

M. Tech. (Department of Visual Arts and Design: Graphic Design, Faculty of Human Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / The way in which people consume music has changed over recent times, and the relationship between music and graphic design, once dominated by the ubiquitous album cover, has evolved. Along with cover art, musicians make use of branding, marketing, and promotion for all aspects of their published image, music performances, and products. The graphic designer working with musicians has had to adapt artwork to new formats, and build entire branding systems, which are prevalent in pop music, but seemingly less overtly utilised in classical music, which the study concentrates on. Due to waning attendance at live classical music concerts and increased streaming activity, both in audio and video, an opportunity exists within classical music, the focus of this study, to develop new audiences and nurture existing ones. The many tangential points that exist for graphic designers to consider in the music industry can be described as musicking, which pertains to all activities, processes, products and people involved in music-making, listening, recording, performing, producing and so forth, as explained by Elliott (1995) and Small (1999). This theoretical framework provides a lens for the graphic designer to view the totality and elements of the music industry and reconsider opportunities for collaboration and involvement. The goal of this study was to explore how one can use the principles and dynamics of graphic design to engage with and capture the dynamics of musicking in a branding project. In order to accomplish that, the main aim was to triangulate graphic design theory, musicking theory, and insights gleaned about and from a case-study client, to culminate in a practical case study using graphic design to support or capture the client’s musicking, so that the potential for refocusing the branding onto the musicking approach could be explored and interrogated. The literature revealed challenges and opportunities within the context of global consumption of music classical music and graphic design. The case study provided insights into a classical musician that records, teaches and performs, and his needs in terms of a practical project. The practical design project emanating from the exploration of musicking as an approach served as a culmination of insights gleaned from literature, the musician himself, and action research that may be transferable to designers working within the field of music branding, or musicians wishing to brand themselves. Findings showed that graphic design elements have the potential to echo the character of music, can act as a bridge to the artist and his or her stature, play an identifying and/or expressive role, and experientially transport listeners into meaningful engagement with the music. Recently, activities such as streaming have stripped music somewhat of the special, tactile context of physical packaging, but honouring audience expectations in a similar way in performance through graphic communication and artwork (including programs, screens, video and installations) offers other channels for reference points, as do online platforms for branding and engagement, that serve an interactive, dynamic interchange between artist and listener, promoting loyalty and support. As both the classical music industry and graphic design fields experience new demands brought about by technological advances, consumer behaviour and the vast options available to those digitally connected, great opportunity lies in the field of branding musicking. Classical music could potentially benefit from adopting a more audience-centric approach and consideration of a multisensory experience, as audiences have become spoiled for choice not only in music options available, but within the broader entertainment arena clamouring for their attention in a visually branded and captivating world. It simply is not enough anymore to believe that “[i]f you build it, he will come” (from the film Field of Dreams, in Parr 2015:4) and meaningful engagement with listeners through various touch points, builds lasting relationships and supportive fan bases that can ultimately affect a musician’s livelihood.

När symfoniorkestrar lägger program för nästa säsongs konsertserier finns det många saker att tänka på. De konstnärliga ledarna har sina idéer, musikerna har sina idéer, det finns krav från politiken, sponsorer: många saker påverkar hur man bestämmer det som kommer att spelas på konserthuset, och som publiken kommer att höra och se. I den här intervjustudien kommer jag att gå in på vad som ligger bakom två orkestrars konstnärliga ledningars beslut kring konsertprogram. I den här studien har jag använd mig av metoden grundad teori: teorin grundas direkt ur data. Jag kom fram till att orkestrarnas programläggning påverkas av ett samspel av politiska och ekonomiska faktorer, varav den viktigaste är ekonomin. / When the management of a symphony orchestra makes the planning of the coming season, they have plenty of factors to take into consideration. The artistic leaders have certain ideals and ideas, there is the demands from the government and sponsors: there are many factors that influence the decision making, what the audience will hear and see. In this interview study I will investigate the decision making of two orchestras artistic managements: Which are the ideas behind their decisions? The method and theory I used is grounded theory. The planning of the concert season is influenced by a combination of political and economical factors, of which economical factors play a major role.

Det är allmänt erkänt av forskare att klassisk musik förefaller förlora sin popularitet bland ungdomar, åtminstone i dess traditionella framförandeformer. Emellertid har det visats i undersökningar att vissa förändringar i utformning kan göra konstmusikkonserter mer intressanta för en yngre publik. Den här studien syftar på att undersöka hur sådana förändringar är representerade i ungdomstilltalande annonser för konstmusikkonserter, och i vilken utsträckning annonsernas musikaliska aspekter påverkar och väcker ungdomars intresse. Tre reklamvideor med olika form och karaktär valdes ut för utförlig undersökning. Reklamfilmerna beskrevs i detalj och därefter utfördes en analys av deras musikaliska aspekter och ungdomsinriktade element. Annonsernas användning av musik analyserades enligt en analysmall baserad på Nicolai Graakjærs bok Analyzing Music in Advertising: Television Commercials and Consumer Choice (2014). I analyserandet av reklamfilmernas ungdomstilltalande karakteristiker eftersöktes både sådana faktorer som var beskrivna i tidigare forskning och nya element. Studiens resultat finner ett stort urval av ungdomsinriktade strategier och tekniker i reklamfilmerna, inklusive valet av deras använda musikstycken och hur dessa musikstycken infogas i reklamfilmerna. Förslag för vidare forskning diskuteras i uppsatsens avslutande kapitel. / It is widely recognised by scholars that classical music seems to lose popularity among young people nowadays, at least in its traditional forms of performance. However, research has shown that there are certain changes that can be made to classical music concerts to make them more interesting for a younger audience. This study aims to examine how these changes are represented in youth-addressing commercials for classical music concerts, and to which extent the commercials’ musical aspects contribute to the aim of arousing young people’s interest. Three commercials of different form and character were chosen for detailed examination. The commercials are described in detail and then analysed based on their musical aspects and youth-oriented components. The use of music in the commercials is analysed according to a template based on Nicolai Graakjær’s book Analyzing Music in Advertising: Television Commercials and Consumer Choice (2014). The analysis of the commercials’ youth-appealing features consists of searching for elements described in previous research as well as new ones. The study’s results find a wide variety of strategies and techniques used in the commercials to attract young people, including the choice of the used music pieces and the way these pieces are incorporated in the commercials. Suggestions for further research are discussed in the closing chapter.