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The present thesis explores Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which recognizes the right of all persons with disabilities to live in the community, with choices equal to others. The relationship between Article 19 and the other articles of the Convention are explored, in order to discuss the role of Article 19 in the Convention. The thesis examines whether the right to live in the community, set out in Article 19, can be considered as the most central right of the Convention. The thesis applies the legal analytical method, and it is based on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the communications of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; official reports of the United Nations as well as international non-governmental organizations; and scientific articles from books and journals. By using Arendt’s idea of “the right to have rights” as a theory, this thesis argues that the right to live in the community, contained in Article 19, constitutes the right to have rights for persons with disabilities and therefore it can be considered as the most central right of the Convention.

Darbe analizuojami skirtumai tarp Lietuvos vaiko apsaugos teisės aktų ir Jungtinių Tautų vaiko teisių konvencijos nuostatų bei keliamas klausimas, ar Lietuvos teisinė vaiko apsauga nuo smurto užtikrina Jungtinių Tautų keliamus tikslus dėl fizinių bausmių draudimo. Išnagrinėtos fizinio smurto rūšys bei formos nacionaliniu ir tarptautiniu lygmeniu. Atlikta Jungtinių Tautų vaiko teisių konvencijos, Europos žmogaus teisių konvencijos, Jungtinių Tautų vaiko teisių komiteto rekomendacijų nuostatų analizės. Nustatytas fizinės bausmės ir fizinio smurto teisinis santykis. Magistro darbe taip pat atskleista, ar fizinių bausmių reglamentavimas nepažeidžia privataus šeimos gyvenimo teisės. Pateikiama teisinės vaiko apsaugos problematika Lietuvoje. Aptariamas baudžiamasis ir administracinis teisinis vertinimas. Problemos sprendimui pagrįsti išnagrinėta Lietuvos teismų praktika. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos rekomendacijos dėl fizinių bausmių draudimo reglamentavimo Lietuvoje. / Having analysed the differences between the child protection legislation in Lithuania and the United Nations Child Rights Convention, in the paper it has been revealed that Lithuania does not implement the objectives set by the United Nations on banning of corporal punishment. The study has revealed that in the national domestic law Lithuania has not banned corporal punishment by law. The concept of corporal punishment is not defined neither by a framework of child’s rights nor by domestic violence laws in Lithuania. Having examined all issues, it is concluded that the corporal punishment is violation of human dignity and the right to bodily integrity and the inviolability, because it contradicts the provisions of European Convention on Human Rights.

本文研究之議題，並非有關政治面或其他社會面所稱之杯葛，而是競爭法領域中之杯葛行為，主要為公平交易法第十九條第一款所規範之情形。 本文之研究目的，主要希望能對公平交易法第十九條第一項之構成要件、違法性、法律效果等數項議題，參考他國立法例及學說進行研究，並就實務處理進行分析檢討，以及提出管見之看法及建議。 本論文共分為七章。第一章為「緒論」，分為研究題目之說明、研究動機與目的、研究方法、研究範圍及限制，及研究架構等部分，旨在介紹論文的基本方向與架構。 第二章，則是討論「我國法對於杯葛行為之規範及相關內容」。於第一節中，首先進行杯葛行為之基本介紹，以使讀者瞭解本文所處理之客體為何，並且明瞭規範杯葛行為之目的。第二節之內容，是針對公平交易法第十九條第一款，為一全面性介紹。第三節，是就公平交易法第二十四條之適用可能，為一討論。第四節，則是討論民法部分於杯葛行為之適用可能及適用情形。 第三章，討論「美國法對於杯葛行為之規範及分析」。第一節之概說，乃為後述討論內容作一引言。第二節，是就規範杯葛行為之條文－休曼法第一條、聯邦貿易委員會法第五條，作一相關闡釋。第三節，是就美國判例，參考學者Hylton, Keith N.教授的見解，區分三個不同時期，介紹杯葛行為於實務之不同評價演變。第四節，則對本章之內容作一總結。 第四章介紹「德國法對於杯葛行為之規範及分析」。第一節之概說，乃為後述討論內容作一引言。第二節，是就限制競爭防止法第二十一條第一項（GWB §21Ⅰ）為相關闡述。第三節，是就不正競爭防止法第三條（UWG §3），其適用情形及相關內容進行分析。第四節，是就德國民法有關侵權行為之規定（BGB §823、§826），討論杯葛行為之適用情形。第五節，乃討論杯葛行為與憲法上言論自由保護其間之關係。 第五章乃在探討「杯葛行為於我國法制面及實務操作之爭議問題研究」。於第一節中，處理者乃杯葛行為之體系定位之問題。第二節，進行構成要件之細部問題分析；例如，發話人究否應具有一定市場力量？第三節，針對杯葛行為之違法性，分析是否存在進行杯葛行為之正當理由。第四節，旨在討論杯葛行為之法律效果問題。第五節，核心集中於公平會對於同業公會所發起之杯葛行為，究應以第十四條或第十九條第一款論斷為妥？第六節，主要在處理杯葛與其他概念之區別。第七節，則在處理公平交易法第十九條第一款與其他條文競合之問題。 第六章之內容為「實務重要案例之分析及檢討建議與結論」。此部分本文選擇較具重要性之公平會處分案，整理實務之看法及處理模式，並加以分析及檢討。 第七章則是進行「結論與建議」。本文將彙整前面各章之重點，針對本文關心之相關爭點及問題，提出拙見，以供參考。 / This thesis focus on the topic of boycotts issues in competition law, especially article 19 subparagraph 1 of the Fair Trade Law of Taiwan. There are 7 chapters in this study. In chapter 1, there is an introduction to this research such as the structure of this paper. Chapter 2 discusses the regulations about boycotts in Taiwan, including article 19 subparagraph 1 and article 24 of the Fair Trade Law and article 184 of the Civil Law. Besides, in this chapter there are essential introductions to boycotts, e.g. what purpose the party has. Chapter 3 observes how U.S. treats boycotts. According to the observance of professor Hylton, Keith N., the court used different standers to judge boycotts in various periods. This chapter will focus on what doctrine the court adopted to consider boycotts－rule of reason, or illegal per se? On the other hand, chapter 4 introduces rules of boycotts in Germany. There are several important parts: GWB §21Ⅰ, UWG §3, and BGB §823、§826. Besides, there is a point about the relation of boycotts and freedom of speech. Chapter 5 deals several problems of boycotts in Taiwan practices and Fair Trade Law. Besides the opponents of the articles, this chapter tried to solve problems such as should we consider market power of the party? Further more, there are comparisons about boycotts and other similar concepts or topics. Chapter 6 proceeds analysis about the cases in Taiwan practices, especially decisions of the Fair Trade Commission. In chapter 7 the author offered his opinions about some issues of boycotts.