The main task of this work is to design an algorithm for suppressing unwanted noise and artifacts in fMRI data using the analysis of independent components and multi-echo data. The theoretical part deals with the basic principles of magnetic resonance, including construction and image data processing. The practical part presents a pilot design of a method inspired by a professional publication in the Matlab software environment, where this design is subsequently tested on real fMRI data provided by the Laboratory of Multimodal and Functional Imaging, CEITEC MU.

Melounek, R.: Clothing as a cultural artifact and its current use in Art lectures at Primary Education [Thesis] Prague 2013 - Charles University, Faculty of Education, Department of Art Education, 113 p. Theoretic part of thesis deals with finding the mutual relations between the history of the 20th century clothing with wiew on combination of clothes, rituals and art. Didactic part offers a preview of current social rituals, through children's artistic perception, of which we may experience in life and personally reflect. In the practical section, through creation of a unique garment, thesis examine the possibilitie of understanding of clothing as a work of art and it's dual usage.

The measurement of fluorine penetration into archeological flint artifacts using Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) has been reported to be a potential dating method. However, the mechanism of how fluorine is incorporated into the flint surface, and finally transported into the bulk is not well understood. This research focuses on the study of the fluorine uptake phenomenon of flint mineral in aqueous fluoride solutions. Both theoretical and experimental approaches have been carried out. In a theoretical approach, a pipe-diffusion model was used to simulate the complicated fluorine transportation problem in flint, in which several diffusion mechanisms may be involved.

Forensic genotyping uses a multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) assay to amplify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples. One of the artifacts mostly commonly encountered in forensic DNA analysis is stutter, which are non-specific products from the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that are typically one repeat unit shorter in length than the allelic amplicon. While stutter peaks are typically no taller than 10% of the parent peak on electropherograms, their peak heights can fall into similar ranges as minor contributor alleles in mixtures, creating a problem of how to distinguish artifacts from true allele peaks in these situations. One way to potentially address this issue is to find a PCR method that produces a much lower amount of stutter than the method currently used, which involves amplifying samples with commercial PCR kits designed for forensic applications. These kits all use some form of Taq DNA polymerase (derived from Thermus aquaticus). In an effort to examine whether the type of enzyme used in an assay affects the resulting stutter rates observed, the existing GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) protocol for forensic multiplex STR assays was modified to test different types of enzymes. This was done by amplifying the same DNA sample with GlobalFiler primers and different commercial proofreading enzymes and their accompanying reaction buffer using manufacturer-recommended PCR parameters. The DNA sample originated from a buccal swab that was extracted on the EZ1® Advanced (Qiagen). The DNA solution was quantified using the Quantifiler™ Duo DNA Quantification Kit (Applied Biosystems) on the 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). In order to first establish the validity of switching out enzymes in an established protocol, a DNA sample was amplified with the Type-it® Microsatellite Kit (Qiagen), another Taq-based kit that is also marketed for use in multiplex STR assays. After a complete profile was successfully generated, research proceeded with testing various high-fidelity DNA polymerases. Some of the enzymes tested were known to be Pyrococcus-like while others were fused to a DNA-binding domain to enhance processivity. Taq polymerases tend to produce products with 3’adenine-overhangs while proofreading enzymes produce blunt-ends. This change caused a one base pair difference in the resulting amplicon lengths, which was accommodated by manually assigning genotypes after results from fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis using a 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) were interpreted by the GeneMapper™ software (Applied Biosystems). Additional amplification kits tested were: the UCP HiFidelity PCR Kit (Qiagen), Phusion™ Hot Start II High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Thermo Scientific), Platinum™ SuperFi™ II DNA Polymerase (Invitrogen), iProof™ High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Bio-Rad), Q5® High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (New England Biolabs), and TruFi™ DNA Polymerase (Azura Genomics). Most of the kits produced profiles exhibiting a high degree of uneven amplification and varying levels of allelic dropout. In addition, all of the kits tested had much shorter peak heights compared to using GlobalFiler. Changing the type of enzyme used in an established protocol was found to be less straightforward than anticipated. Due to the poor quality results obtained in the first pass of trials, a few kits were selected to undergo optimization in the hopes of achieving higher quality results from which further analyses, such as comparing stutter rates, could be more reliably conducted. Both altered reagent amounts (higher enzyme concentration, higher DNA input mass) and different PCR parameters (decreased denaturation temperature, varying annealing temperature, decreased extension temperature, longer extension cycles, and longer final extension stage) were assessed. Only an increase in extension cycling time was found to produce better peak heights while maintaining balanced amplification of most of the targeted loci. Initial samples amplified with the Phusion enzyme exhibited multiple non-specific artifacts that were not stutter. Raising the annealing temperature for that enzyme’s protocol eliminated this issue. Therefore, higher annealing temperatures were pre-emptively used for several of the other enzymes tested. One of the explanations proposed for the uneven amplification observed is the presence of inhibitors in the commercial buffers used affecting downstream capillary electrophoresis. The Q5 High-Fidelity and TruFi DNA polymerases produced the best quality profiles; the UCP HiFidelity PCR Kit had the poorest results. Preliminary results indicated that none of the protocol alterations implemented significantly decreased stutter rates, nor was any one commercial enzyme found to have consistently lower stutter rates than the GlobalFiler kit. Due to the low number of trials carried out, the findings from this study require more replications with a wider variety of DNA polymerases to confirm that the type of enzyme used in an assay does not affect stutter rates.

Bakgrund: Protokollet som används för att underundersöka MR-prostata innehåller en uppsättning förutbestämda sekvenser enligt PI-RADS riktlinjer. Diffusionsviktade bilder används för att utröna om vattenmolekyler kan röra sig fritt eller inte. Begränsad rörlighet kan tyda på patologi. Att registrera dessa mikroskopiska rörelser kräver snabba skiftningar i MR-kamerans gradientsystem. Prostatans relativa närhet till rektum kan skapa problem vid bildtagningen, det kan bildas artefakter från tarmgas. Motiv: Den teknik som används för att skapa diffusionsviktade bilder (ssEPI) är känslig för till exempel tarmgas och kan bilda artefakter. Ett försök att minska dessa artefakter är att dela upp bildtagningen i flertalet mindre segment (rsEPI) vilket kan minska artefaktens utbredning i bilden. Jämförande studier på en MR 3T finns men det saknas studier utförda med magnetfältstyrkan 1,5T. Syfte: Att jämföra bildkvalitén mellan sekvenserna single shot echo planar imaging och readout segmented echo planar imaging vid MR-undersökning av prostatan på deltagare som undersöks med en magnetkamera 1,5T. Metod: En jämförande with-in subject studie med kvantitativ design utfördes där antalet deltagare som valdes konsekutivt blev 24. Bilderna bedömdes av en radiolog utifrån en 5-gradig Likert-skala; anatomisk distorsion, anatomiska detaljer och helhetsbedömning. En hypotesprövning (Wilcoxon signed rank test) tillsammans med effektberäkning (Cohen ́s d) med statistikprogrammet Jamovi utfördes. Resultat: Huvudresultatet visar med en statistisk signifikant skillnad (p=0,037) att rsEPI ger bättre diagnostiskt bildkvalité än ssEPI. Artefaktens utbredning i bilden var även mindre när rsEPI användes dock var skillnaden endast signifikant på ADC (p=0,037) och b.50/900 (p=0,037) men inte på b.1500 (p=0,072). Effekten var låg, enligt Cohen ́s d. Prostatans anatomiska detaljer visualiseras bättre med ssEPI på b.50/900 (p< 0,001) medan b.1500 (p=0,002) gav ett bättre resultat när rsEPI användes. Effekten var stor, enligt Cohen ́s d på de båda. Ingen skillnad sågs när ADC jämfördes. Konklusion: Författaren till detta arbete har visat att rsEPI som diffusionsteknik kan användas på en MR-kamera 1,5T. Resultatet är i linje med studier utförda på MR-kamera 3T. / Background: The protocol used to examine the MRI prostate contains a set of predetermined sequences according to PI-RADS guidelines. Diffusion-weighted images are used to determine whether water molecules can move freely or not. Limited mobility may indicate pathology. Detecting these microscopic movements requires rapid shifts in the gradient system of the MRI camera. The relative proximity of the prostate to the rectum can create problems during imaging, artifacts can be formed from intestinal gas.Motive: The technology used to create diffusion-weighted images (ssEPI) is sensitive to, for example, intestinal gas and can form artifacts. An attempt to reduce these artifacts is to divide the imaging into several smaller segments (rsEPI), which can reduce the spread of the artifact in the image. Comparative studies on an MRI 3T are available, but there are no studies performed with the magnetic field strength of 1.5T. Aim: A comparative with-in subject study with quantitative design was performed where the number of participants selected consecutively was 24. The images were assessed by a radiologist based on a 5-point Likert scale: anatomical distortion, anatomical details and overall assessment. A hypothesis test (Wilcoxon signed rank test) together with effect calculation (Cohen ́s d) with the statistics program Jamovi was performed. Result: The main result shows with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.037) that rsEPI provides better diagnostic image quality than ssEPI. The distribution of the artifact in the image was also smaller when rsEPI was used, however, the difference was only significant on ADC (p = 0.037) and b.50 / 900 (p = 0.037) but not on b.1500 (p = 0.072). The effect was low, according to Cohen ́s d. The anatomical details of the prostate are better visualized with ssEPI of b.50 / 900 (p <0.001) while b.1500 (p = 0.002) gave a better result when rsEPI was used. The effect was great, according to Cohen's d on both. No difference was seen when comparing the ADC. Conclusion: The author of this work has shown that rsEPI as a diffusion technology can be used on an MRI camera 1.5T. The results are in line with studies performed on MRI camera 3T.

The rise of cryptocurrencies over the past ten years was significant. Cryptocurrencies have changed the course of the monetary system and created a new way for people to communicate and exchange values. It started with the invention of the first successful cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, in 2008. After this moment, the explosion from which thousands of new cryptocurrencies emerged and from which a new field for digital forensics investigators happened. This thesis deals with the digital forensics of cryptocurrency wallets. The work aims to target applications running on Linux operating systems, and to introduce concepts and existing work on cryptocurrency wallets. Furthermore, the goal was to develop a tool for finding different artifacts that wallets leave on the systems. This work is divided into two parts, first encompasses an introduction and the related literature. The second part discusses the chosen methodology for this work and the result we achieved. The work is concluded with the final words in the Conclusions section.

Distansarbete är ett arbetssätt som har blivit alltmer populärt. Tillsammans med teknikens framgång har det blivit alltmer tillgängligt för företag att arbeta utanför den traditionella arbetsplatsen. Det ökade distansarbetet kan leda till kulturella förändringar inom en organisation som leder till mer ansvar för ledaren att bibehålla organisationskulturen. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att få insikt kring hur ledare använder organisationskultur för att styra organisationer både på fysiska arbetsplatser och vid distansarbete. Ledare använder organisationskultur för att få anställda att uppnå organisationens mål samt gemensamma värderingar. Studien presenterar ritualer, artefakter och kulturstyrning som tre variabler inom organisationskulturen som ledare och organisationerna använder sig utav. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem organisationer. De fem organisationer som analyserats är inom bank, statligt ägt företag, ideell organisation, social omsorg och redovisningsbyrå. Alla organisationer använder sig utav en tydlig organisationskultur men har olika strategier samt tillvägagångssätt kring hur de arbetar mot organisationskulturen. De alla arbetar med tydliga strategier för att få sina anställda att arbeta mot samt uppnå organisationens gemensamma mål och värderingar. En likhet som finns inom organisationerna är att de alla har tydliga målsättningar, arbetar mot gemensamma värderingar, utfärdar ritualer, använder sig utav artefakter och arbetar med kommunikationsteknologier. Det som skiljer dem åt är att företaget inom bank, social omsorg och redovisningsbyrån arbetar mer med värderingar. Utöver det arbetar dessa tre företag mer med tydliga ritualer som de genomför tillsammans med sina anställda. En annan skillnad är att artefakterna ser olika ut hos alla organisationerna där vissa artefakter är mer synliga än andra som exempelvis arbetskläder. Ledarna inom organisationerna använder sig utav organisationskultur som ett styrmedel och har olika tillvägagångssätt samt strategier för att nå dit. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att alla fem organisationer arbetar mot en tydlig organisationskultur, där de använder sig av strategier, kommunikation samt uppföljning för att få sina anställda att uppnå organisationens gemensamma mål och värderingar. Ledarna använder sig utav ritualer, artefakter och kulturstyrning för att uppnå organisationskultur, detsamma gäller vid distansarbete. Alla organisationer har implementerat information och kommunikationsteknologier för att upprätthålla organisationskulturen under distansarbete. Däremot har organisationen inom social omsorg och redovisningsbyrån lyckats upprätthålla organisationskulturen bäst under distansarbete. Banken, det statliga företaget och den ideella organisationen har arbetat med att upprätthålla kulturen vid distansarbete men utmaningar som tillgänglighet och delaktighet har försvårat processen. / Teleworking is a way of working that has become increasingly popular. Along with the success of technology, it has become increasingly accessible for companies to work outside the traditional workplace. The increased telework can lead to cultural changes within an organization that lead to more responsibility for the leader to maintain the organizational culture. The purpose of this qualitative study is to gain insight into how leaders use organizational culture to control organizations both in physical workplaces and in teleworking. Leaders use organizational culture to get employees to achieve the organization's goals and common values. The study presents rituals, artifacts and cultural management as three variables within the organizational culture that leaders and organizations use. The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with five companies. The five companies analyzed are a bank, a state-owned company, a non-profit organization, a company within social care and an accounting firm. All companies use an organizational culture but have different strategies and approaches to how they work towards the organizational culture. They all work with clear strategies to get their employees to work towards and achieve the organization's goals and common values. A similarity that exists within the companies is that they all have clear goals, work towards common values, use rituals, artifacts and work with communication technologies. What sets them apart is that the company in banking, social care and the accounting firm works more with values. In addition, these three companies work more with rituals that they perform together with their employees. Another difference is that the artifacts look different in all companies where some artifacts are more visible than others such as work clothes. The leaders within the organizations use organizational culture as a tool and have different approaches and strategies to get there. The conclusion that can be drawn is that all five companies work towards an organizational culture, where they use strategies, communication and follow-up to get their employees to achieve the organization's goals and common values. The leaders use rituals, artifacts and culture management to achieve organizational culture. All organizations have implemented information and communication technologies to maintain the organizational culture during teleworking. The company in social care and the accounting firm has managed to maintain the organizational culture best during telework. The bank, the state-owned company and the non-profit organization have worked to maintain the culture through teleworking, but challenges such as accessibility and participation have made the process more difficult.

The aim of this thesis is to see how three different places in Europe have made their mark on some of Visby’s profane buildings and how it compares to the archaeological material. The three places of interest will be Germany, Denmark and Sweden and the historical period will be around 1200–1600. This will be made possible through comparing buildings with respective country that had a role in the city’s history. The buildings and the archaeological material will also be compared to see if they tell the same history. The location of cities the buildings and material will also be analysed to see how they are connected. To help with this the theory of this thesis is based on Bourdieus thoughts on habitus and how it can affect the mind of people. The thesis will only focus on profane buildings and not on others like churches or Visby’s town wall. The period will be through the 13th century to the end of the 17th. Germany, Denmark and Sweden are the three mainly countries that this thesis will focus on. Other places like England may be referred to if they have a very strong connection to the material. The results of the thesis showed that Germany had made the biggest mark on the cities profane buildings and archaeological material and they both showed the same history. Via the location of the material it was clear that the place that showed most of the influences was on Strandgatan and Visby’s main square and the space between these two places.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18280号 / 工博第3872号 / 新制||工||1594(附属図書館) / 31138 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 哲生, 教授 中村 裕一, 准教授 古谷 栄光 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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