Concevoir et implanter des programmes parallèles est une tâche complexe, sujette aux erreurs. La vérification des programmes parallèles est également plus difficile que celle des programmes séquentiels. Pour permettre le développement et la preuve de correction de programmes parallèles, nous proposons de combiner le langage parallèle fonctionnel quasi-synchrone BSML, les squelettes algorithmiques - qui sont des fonctions d’ordre supérieur sur des structures de données réparties offrant une abstraction du parallélisme – et l’assistant de preuve Coq, dont le langage de spécification est suffisamment riche pour écrire des programmes fonctionnels purs et leurs propriétés. Nous proposons un plongement des primitives BSML dans la logique de Coq sous une forme modulaire adaptée à l’extraction de programmes. Ainsi, nous pouvons écrire dans Coq des programmes BSML, raisonner dessus, puis les extraire et les exécuter en parallèle. Pour faciliter le raisonnement sur ceux-ci, nous formalisons le lien entre programmes parallèles, manipulant des structures de données distribuées, et les spécifications, manipulant des structures séquentielles. Nous prouvons ainsi la correction d’une implantation du squelette algorithmique BH, un squelette adapté au traitement de listes réparties dans le modèle de parallélisme quasi synchrone. Pour un ensemble d’applications partant d’une spécification d’un problème sous forme d’un programme séquentiel simple, nous dérivons une instance de nos squelettes, puis nous extrayons un programme BSML avant de l’exécuter sur des machines parallèles. / Parallel program design and implementation is a complex, error prone task. Verifying parallel programs is also harder than verifying sequential ones. To ease the development and the proof of correction of parallel programs, we propose to combine the functional bulk synchronous parallel language BSML; the algorithmic skeleton, that are higher order function on distributed data structures which offer an abstraction of the parallelism ; and the Coq proof assistant, who’s specification language is rich enough to write purely functional programs together with their properties. We propose an embedding of BSML primitives in the Coq logic in a modular form, adapted to program extraction. So we can write BSML programs in Coq, reason on them, extract them and then execute them in parallel. To ease the specification of these programs, we formalise the relation between parallel programs using distributed data structures and specification using sequential data structure. We prove the correctness of an implementation of the BH skeleton. This skeleton is devoted to the treatment of distributed lists in the BSP model. For a set of application, starting from a sequential specification of a problem, we derive an instance of our skeletons, then extract a BSML program which is executed on parallel machines.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent secondary assistant principals in large Texas high schools demonstrate behaviors consistent with what the literature describes as instructional leadership. Three hundred seventy principals and assistant principals of large Texas high schools participated in this study. The Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (Hallinger, 1987) was used to quantify instructional leadership in 10 different job functions. The study found that (a) assistant principals perceive themselves as exhibiting instructional leadership behaviors at a high frequency, (b) principals perceive their assistant principals exhibiting instructional leadership behaviors at a high frequency, (c) the perceptions of the principals and assistant principals were similar, and (d) principals and assistant principals reported more engagement in instructional leadership responsibilities and felt more pressured over the last five years under the new accountability and rating requirements of No Child Left Behind and the state assessments. These findings suggested that the administrative roles and responsibilities in high schools should be restructured to allow assistant principals to focus on instructional leadership.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva manliga undersköterskor och vårdbiträdens upplevelse av aktivitetsbalans. En kvalitativ design användes för att fokusera på individers levda erfarenheter och tankar. Insamlingen av data gjordes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Totalt ingick tio deltagare i studien varav åtta undersköterskor och två vårdbiträden. Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier: Pandemins påverkan på aktivitet, Skiftarbetet sätter ramarna och Krav och egna val av aktiviteter. Resultatet visade att deltagarna över lag upplever en god aktivitetsbalans som kopplas till tillfredsställelsen av de aktiviteter som ingår i deras aktivitetsrepertoar samtidigt som de upplever sig ha tid till att genomföra dessa aktiviteter. Det som har påverkat deltagarnas aktivitetsbalans negativt har varit brist på tid för återhämtning mellan arbetspass i och med varierande arbetsschema samt den pandemin som pågick under studiens gång som lett till en förändring i aktivitetsmönstret. Författarna anser att mer forskning av mäns aktivitetsbalans utanför arbetet, med fokus på familjeliv och kravfyllda aktiviteter utanför arbetet behövs för att få en bättre bild av männens aktivitetsbalans. Författarna anser att kunskapen från denna studie kan vara till gagn för arbetsterapeuter som möter denna målgrupp för att förebygga ohälsa. Resultatet kan även vara till nytta för arbetstagare och arbetsgivare inom vården, politiker eller andra beslutsfattare för att få en bild av olika faktorers inverkan på aktivitetsbalans och hälsa.

Physician Assistant (PA) students undergo a rigorous educational curriculum consisting of both clinical and didactic instruction to prepare them for their role as a general health care provider. In order to complete training as a general health care provider PA students must learn a wide array of general medical knowledge and clinical skills so that they are able to use their judgment and skills in any area of practice or specialty. More specifically, PAs are expected to identify and effectively treat pediatric disorders that are within the knowledge and skills obtained during their qualified education. In medicine, perhaps the most important diagnostic tool is the ability to properly perform an effective physical examination. Historically, within PA program curricula, methods to optimize performance of a pediatric physical examination have been poorly represented. The pediatric population is unique in that the approach to the patient, as well as the techniques used to gain cooperation from the patient, may change drastically through normal child development. Having a wide array of techniques and skills to comfort and engage the pediatric patient is critical in performing the physical exam. Formal training in this area will better prepare PA students for any setting in which a pediatric patient will be encountered and enable them to deliver effective pediatric care. The objective of this project is to develop a curriculum that will focus on a mastery of skills needed to successfully perform a pediatric physical exam. The proposed curriculum will educate PA students in an understanding of age-appropriate strategies to be used while examining pediatric patients from birth through to mid-childhood (8-years old) that will meet the expectations of current pediatric practices. A literature review provides the basis for the curriculum. The curriculum will be integrated at the end of the PA student’s didactic curriculum, prior to beginning their clinical rotations. Assessment will include a needs assessment for the curriculum, gauging the comfort of students performing the pediatric physical exam, and preparedness of the students for their pediatric clerkship. Student success will be evaluated through a pre and post-test comparison, clinical skills evaluation, as well as a questionnaire surveying student comfort level and knowledge of strategies with the standard curriculum in comparison to student comfort level and knowledge of strategies after specialized training with the newly developed curriculum. It is predicted that the new curriculum will better prepare PA students for their pediatric clerkship and practice.

No description available.

Syfte: Studien syftar till att kartlägga uppgiftsväxling från undersköterskor inom äldreomsorgen till andra yrkesgrupper eller digitala och tekniska hjälpmedel.  Avsikten är att personal med kompetensförsörjningsansvar inom kommuner ska kunna ha användning av kartläggningen i sitt arbete. Metod: Studien har en deduktiv ansats och en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. En fallstudie genomfördes med sex respondenter från ett äldreboende i Kalmar kommun med semistrukturerade intervjuer.  Slutsats: Resultatet visar att uppgiftsväxling sker på boendet mellan undersköterskor och lokalvårdare som sköter städning, samt biträden som sköter köks- och måltidshantering. Uppgiftsväxlingen sker även från undersköterskorna till digitala och tekniska hjälpmedel i viss mån. Uppgiftsväxlingen som sker på boendet kan utökas genom att arbetsuppgifter rörande administration omfördelas samt mer uppgiftsväxling till biträden gällande köks- och måltidshantering. Även digitala och tekniska lösningar kan utvecklas för att arbetsuppgifter ska förenklas eller omfördelas. Resultaten visar även att det finns faktorer som kan påverka i vilken grad uppgiftsväxling kan ske och vara framgångsrikt. Detta kan handla om personalens attityder, samarbete mellan yrkesgrupper, omsorgstagarens säkerhet, tydliga rollfördelningar och ekonomiska förutsättningar. Uppgiftsväxling på boendet har frigjort arbetstid för undersköterskor, vilket tyder på att fortsatt utveckling av uppgiftsväxling kommer leda till att kompetens kan användas effektivare än vad det gör idag.

Röststyrning och rösttolkning är ett gränssnitt mellan användare och dator som blivit vanligare i kommersiella produkter. Gränssnittet används i digitala assistenter, det vill säga en mjukvarubaserad tjänst utformad för att hjälpa användare att utföra digitala uppgifter. Dessa uppgifter inkluderar att svara på frågor, hantera scheman, hemkontroll, spela musik och mycket mer. Eftersom digitala assistenter är relativt nya så finns det ett behov av mer kunskap om hur man kan skapa applikationer för plattformen.Rapporten ger kunskap om hur utvecklingsprocessen ser ut för en röststyrd ap- plikation till Google Assistant. Detta görs med en fallstudie som ger en inblick i de olika design- och arkitekturval som ingår i mjukvaruutvecklingen. Resultatet beskriver lämpliga konversationsmönster för röstgränssnitt i röststyrda applikationer och ett lämpligt arkitekturmönster för kodbasen. Med hjälp av studien drogs slutsatser om vilka begränsningar som finns hos röststyrda applikationer. / Voice control and voice interpretation is an interface between users and computers that have become more common in commercial products. The interface is used in digital assistants, which is a software-based service designed to help users perform digital tasks. These tasks include answering questions, managing their schedules, home control, playing music and more. Because digital assistants are relatively new, there is a need for more knowledge about how to create applications for the platform.The report provides information on how the development process looks like for a voice-controlled application for Google Assistant. This is done by a case study that provides insight into the various design and architecture choices that are included in the software development. The result describes a suitable conversation pattern for voice interfaces in voice-controlled applications and an appropriate architecture for the codebase. The study draws conclusions about the limitations of voice-controlled applications.

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To assess the use of PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases among pharmacists as it has changed over time. The working hypothesis is that the use of PDA/Smartphone based electronic drug databases has increased over time. Methods: A systematic review of the literature regarding the usage of PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases among pharmacists using data that was obtained through literature searches. Main Results: Since 2006, the percentage of pharmacists that are using PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases has increased. Conclusions: The usage of smartphones and PDA based electronic drug databases has increased among pharmacists since 2006 (p<0.05). Easier and cheaper access to the technology has likely led to the products being available to more pharmacists.

High turnover among auditor assistants is a problem in the auditor profession. 61,7 % of young graduates economists have changed profession at least once during their first three years as employees (Hiltebeitel &amp; Leauby, 2001), heavy workload in the auditing profession is considered to be a contributing factor (Axelsson, 2015). The main purpose of the study is to explain how students' views on the workload affects staff turnover among auditor assistants. In addition, the aim is to describe the expectations of a corresponding expectation gap between students and auditor assistants. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, behavioural theories such as Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory have been adopted. Further, the Expectation Theory, Identity Theory, Theory of Professions and previous studies of the expectation gap and workload, stress and time pressure are used. The study is based on a combination method based on three interviews with auditor assistants, to develop an understanding of auditor assistants experience of the workload. Subsequently a questionnaire was sent to students with a total of 134 received answers. A short questionnaire with three questions similar to those sent out to students has also been sent to the auditor assistants, with a total of 43 received answers. The results shows that there is an expectation gap considering workload between students and auditor assistants. Further aspects have emerged as contributing factors to high staff turnover in the auditor profession, such as expectations for salary and work content.

Les activités de la vie quotidienne sont indispensables pour le bien-être physique et moral. Pour que celle-ci soit réussie par les personnes ayant un traumatisme crânien cérébral (TCC), une aide technologique s’avère souvent nécessaire. Les troubles cognitifs empêchent les personnes ayant un TCC de rester chez elles. L’assistant culinaire est un outil composé de trois sous-systèmes: assistance, supervision et communication. L’assistant permet aux personnes ayant un TCC de cuisiner un repas chaud en proposant à celles-ci des stratégies d’assistance cognitive. Ce mémoire présente le sous-système de communication, qui établit la communication entre la personne ayant un TCC et l’assistant culinaire. Nous avons utilisé la méthode LUCID pour concevoir le sous-système de communication. Tout d’abord, nous avons commencé par l’étape prospective et d’exploration pour définir les membres de l’équipe et leurs rôles, afin de comprendre le comportement des personnes ayant un TCC. Pour la compréhension des comportements, nous avons utilisé les persona et des scénarios. Nous avons conçu trois persona principaux (TCC sévère, modéré et léger) et deux secondaires (proche aidant et ergothérapeute). Après la validation des persona, nous avons construit deux scénarios, un sans assistance qui permet de comprendre la gradation d’assistance donnée par l’ergothérapeute durant l’évaluation, un avec assistance pour concevoir les fonctionnalités de l’assistant culinaire et d’établir la communication entre les trois sous-systèmes et l’utilisateur. Ensuite, nous avons conçu les interfaces de l’assistant culinaire selon chaque profil des AVQ. Finalement nous avons développé le sous-système de communication en utilisant des actes de langage pour définir la communication entre les trois sous-systèmes de communication et la gradation de l’assistance, des web service REST comme une technologie qui rend chaque sous-système indépendant. L’assistant culinaire est en cours de développement. Enfin, ultérieurement les différentes fonctionnalités de l’assistant seront testées dans l’appartement de laboratoire DOMUS, et ensuite il sera implémenté auprès de personnes ayant un TCC pour une utilisation régulière chez elles.