Introduction: There remains a lack of theoretical models which can adequately account for the key features of bipolar disorders (Power, 2005). Objectives: Firstly, to test the predictions made by the SPAARS model that mania is predominantly characterised by the coupling of happiness with anger, while depression (unipolar and bipolar) primarily comprises of a coupling between sadness and disgust. Secondly, to investigate and compare the coping strategies employed to regulate positive and negative emotion between bipolar, unipolar and control groups. Design: A cross sectional design was employed to examine the differences within and between the bipolar, unipolar and control groups in the emotions experienced and the strategies used to regulate emotion. Data were analysed using ANOVAs. Method: Psychiatric diagnoses in the clinical groups were confirmed using the SCID. Current mood state was measured using the BDI-II, STAI and the MAS. The Basic Emotion Scale was used to explore the emotional profiles and the Regulation of Emotion Questionnaire was used to measure coping strategies. Results: The results confirmed the predictions made by the SPAARS model about the emotions in mania and depression. Elevated levels of disgust were also found in the bipolar group generally. The clinical groups used internal dysfunctional strategies more often than the controls for negative emotion. The bipolar group used external dysfunctional strategies more frequently than the controls for positive emotion. Conclusion: The results support the predictions made by the SPAARS model and suggest that disgust plays a key role in bipolar disorder. Strengths and limitations are discussed and suggestions for future research are explored.

An introductory problem set for use as a homework on Blackfoot (Algonquian). Gender (animate/inanimate) and determiner agreement are included. Note that the doc file uses the old SIL Doulos IPA93 font. Set includes doc, pdf and answer key. / This collection consists of learning objects developed for use in courses offered by the Department of Linguistics. Learning objects include lectures, presentations, quizzes, activities, and more. Access to this collection is restricted to authorized faculty and instructors. For access to this collection, please contact Dr. Amy Fountain, Department of Linguistics, avf@email.arizona.edu.

Each year, the United States Army recruits and trains thousands of new soldiers to fill vacancies in Army organizations created by promotion, transfer, or termination of service. Installations responsible for training new recruits is conducted in two phases: Basic Combat Training followed by Advanced Individual Training. Proper management of the Army's initial entry training program is a very complex, practical military logistics problem that demands timely scheduling of a broad range of reusable training resources, such as, training companies. Currently, manual heuristic methods are used to schedule training companies throughout the planning horizon to support initial entry training, where training company scheduling also involves deciding how many recruits to assign to training companies each week. These methods have evolved over a number of years when there were few changes to the training base, and recruiting levels remained relatively stationary. Unfortunately, there are several severe shortcomings with these methods. For example, determining the number of recruits assigned per training company and the number of weeks a training company remains busy training recruits is a manual trial-and-error process. Second, it is possible for different analysts to generate different solutions for the same recruitment scenario. Third, no methods exist for conducting comparative analyses to appraise the quality of competing feasible training schedules. Finally, the temporal interdependence of decisions makes decision variables in the future periods depend on current decision variables. This complicates resource scheduling and makes the manual generation of week-by-week training schedules a tedious, time-consuming task. This dissertation: (1) formulates a mathematical dynamic model of the Basic Combat Training phase of initial entry training; (2) formulates a decision model for optimally scheduling training resources based on dynamic programming; (3) formulates an improved heuristic procedure for scheduling training resources; (4) incorporates a "training quality" performance measure into the formulation of the objective function making it possible to compare competing feasible training schedules obtained by various methods; and (5) designs, develops and implements a fully operational computer-based decision support system (DSS) for scheduling basic training resources. The computational experiments reveal that the heuristic procedures developed are indeed computationally efficient and provide "good" solutions in terms of training "quality," resources utilization, and training cost.

In this paper the concept of a ?human right? is analysed and clarified. Some justifications for human rights ? such as natural rights theory, contractarianism, utilitarianism and rights as vital interests ? are explored with respect to their emphasis on rights as protected choices or protected interests. Finally, a vital interests view is defended in which the rights to subsistence, security, and liberty of movement and political participation form the set of our basic rights without which we cannot enjoy our other rights.

The objectives of this research were to investigate the experiences of adult basic education and training educators and learners in their teaching and learning centres; and to develop a humanistic programme infused with Batho-Pele principles for use in adult basic education and training in South Africa. Both the literature review and the qualitative empirical research methods were used to achieve these objectives. The literature review revealed that Batho-Pele is a South African public service initiative to get public servants to be service orientated, to strive for excellence in service delivery and to commit to continuous service delivery improvement. It allows South African citizens to hold public servants accountable for the level of services they deliver. These two statements make it clear that Batho-Pele is not an "add-on" activity, but it is a way of delivering services by putting citizens at the centre of public service planning and operations, which also means that Batho-Pele seeks to include all citizens for the achievement of a better-life-for-all through services and programmes of a democratic nature. The literature review also revealed that Batho-Pele encapsulates ubuntu/botho ideals. Interdependence, communalism, sensitivity towards others and caring for others are some of the aspects of ubuntu as a way of life. The community and belonging to a community is part of the essence of traditional African human life. Humanness is very important in Batho-Pele and Ubuntu way of life in the sense of seeing human needs, interests and dignity as fundamental to human existence. It was evident from the literature review proceedings that traditional Africans believed that these ideals are communally accepted and desirable ethical standards that a person acquires throughout his/her life. From the foregoing paragraph it is clear that for Batho-Pele service to succeed in communities, management culture in adult basic education and training centres in communities has to be changed to accommodate Batho-Pele as a way of life. This means that adult basic education and training centres should take stock of their educational values, as well as behaviours and attitudes of people they serve. In this way, adult basic education and training centres would then be able to take necessary steps to prepare their educators for the revitalized Batho-Pele Culture of responsiveness, efficiency and effectiveness in delivering services to the adult learners. This research was conducted from an andragogical (an approach to education and training) based on assumptions of learner-as-adult) and ubuntugogical (an approach that emphasizes African way of life that promotes the common good of society and includes humanness as an essential element of human growth. An essential element of human growth, according to this approach, is that the community always comes first. The individual is born out of and into the community, therefore will always be part of the community) paradigms. A humanistic programme infused with Batho-Pele principles for use in adult basic education and training in South Africa was developed. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

The purpose of Det odefinierbara – en studie om gymnasielärares förhållande till värdegrunden, (The undefinable – a study about high school teachers and their relation to the basic values) is to gain an understanding on how teachers from different subjects define, and how they experience confrontation with the basic values and common principles stated in the regulatory documents. The study was made using a comparative qualitative method on a questionnaire survey that high school teachers answered from the perspective of the subject that they are teaching.The results indicate that teachers who have studied, and are teaching, humanities, more often experience confrontation with the basic values than teachers teaching other subjects. Also, the study shows that there is a common definition on what the basic values are even though the right of interpretation belongs to the individual. Furthermore, the study indicates that there is an expectation that subjects teaching humanities, especially the subject comparative religion, should handle confrontation with the basic values.

The field of prostate cancer research is in need of biological markers that predict which cancers do not need treatment, those that can be treated successfully with a localized treatment and more specific cases in which patients are likely to have an aggressive form of cancer that will require more aggressive surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments. ZIC2 is one of five members of a family of proteins that play critical roles in neural crest and mesoderm growth in normal embryonic brain development and in the adult cerebellum of vertebrates. Found throughout the animal kingdom, ZIC1-5 genes encode five distinct ZIC proteins containing five highly conserved C2H2-type zinc finger motifs whose structural integrity is important in carrying out its function as a transcription factor. We hypothesize that ZIC2 has functional significance at the molecular and cellular levels in the initiation of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and the progression to metastatic and/or castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Bioinformatic predictions suggest that the function of ZIC2 is regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation. This proposal further outlines the research hypothesis for investigating the role of ZIC2 in prostate cancer progression and the effects of the post-translational modification, ubiquitination, on the loss or gain of function of ZIC2.

Bakgrund: Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) ses som en av de främsta vårdskadorna i världen och beskrivs ge ett enormt lidande för patienten. Basala hygienrutiner började utvecklas redan på 1800-talet och är idag den huvudsakliga åtgärden för att minska VRI. Sjuksköterskor och övrig vårdpersonal har en skyldighet att följa lagar, författningar och riktlinjer så att omvårdnaden av patienter blir patientsäker. Syfte: Var att undersöka vårdpersonalens följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner. Metod: En kvantitativ retrospektiv longitudinell studie som byggde på observationer av vårdpersonal samt punkprevalensmätningar av VRI. Resultat: Det sågs en högre följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner hos vårdpersonalen på medicinkliniken. Medicinkliniken hade även en signifikant förbättring av följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner. Båda klinikerna hade en lägre följsamhet till desinfektion av händer före en patientkontakt än efteråt. Studerande hade högre följsamhet än sjuksköterskor och läkare. Medicinkliniken hade som mest 5 (n=43; 11,6%) patienter med en VRI och kirurgkliniken hade som mest 9 (n=63; 14,3%) patienter. Diskussion: Tidigare forskning visar att det är lägre följsamhet till desinfektion av händer före en patientkontakt än efteråt, något som även setts i resultatet. Tidigare forskning tar även upp möjliga orsaker till en låg följsamhet samt verktyg för att skapa en högre följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner / Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are one of the leading health damage in the world and described provides immense suffering to the patient. Basic hygiene began to develop early in the 1800s and is today the main arrangements for reducing HAI. Nurses and other health care workers has an obligation to comply with laws, regulations and guidelines so that the care of patients become safe. Objective: To investigate the health care workers’ adherence to basic hygiene routines. Method: A quantitative retrospective longitudinal study based on observations of health care workers and point prevalence surveys of HAI. Results: Showed a higher adherence to basic hygiene among health professionals in the medical clinic. Medical clinic had a significant improvement in adherence to basic hygiene. Both clinics had a lower adherence to hand disinfection before a patient contact than afterwards. Students had higher adherence than nurses and doctors. Medical clinic had at most 5 (n = 43, 11.6%) patients with a HAI and surgery clinic had at most 9 (n = 63, 14.3%) patients. Discussion: Past research shows that there is less adherence to hand disinfection before a patient contact then afterwards, which is also shown in the result. Previous research also mentions possible causes of a low adherence and tool to create a higher adherence to basic hygiene.

OBJECTIVE: This study explores psychological experiences that may influence service members’ self-concepts and future orientations. As stable, optimistic, future orientations have been associated with resilience to psychological distress and suicidality (Johnson, et al., 2011), it is worthwhile to explore how service members’ attitudes toward the future might be shaped in the context of intrapersonal and interpersonal experiences. METHOD: Data were collected from service members of the Virginia National Guard (N = 192) and included a Transportation unit, an Engineer unit, an Infantry unit and a group with no specific unit affiliation or substantive military experience. The study is a cross-sectional design that seeks support for the hypothesis that interpersonal and intrapersonal psychological needs differentially influence one’s future orienation. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated that autonomy, competence and relatedness each play partial mediating roles with respect to the identity style-identity commitment relationship. Further analysis demonstrated that all three psychological needs also significantly predict identity commitment, but that the intrapersonal needs of autonomy and competence are stronger predictors than the interpersonal need, relatedness. The competing hypothesis that psychological needs balance would outperform the psychological needs variables as predictors of identity commitment was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that all three psychological needs variables are significantly influential (by degree and category) with regard to protective factors that involve identity-based processes and identity-based beliefs. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.

TITLE: Private and alternative schools in the Czech Republic SUMMARY: The thesis describes current status of private and alternative schools whereas private schools are considered as an alternative to the public school system as well. It tackles the specific aspects of alternative pedagogical programs, describes common and distinctive features and sees into the positives and negatives of the choice of alternative education for parents and pupils. The theoretical part focuses on private schools. It inquires into the qualitative difference between private and public schools and deals with the conditions of education for both pupils and teachers. The empiric part consists of two case studies complementing the study of the private schools sector. KEYWORDS: Basic schools, private schools, alternative schools