Backpacker tourists frequently express “anti-tourist” attitudes and are confident that they contribute positively to their destinations. Ironically, they are sometimes characterised by stakeholders in destinations in less developed countries as neo-colonial invaders. In spite of their anti-tourist attitudes, in reality, backpacker tourists tend to stay in backpacker enclaves where the cultural and moral values of backpackers are dominant. This happens because they encounter many obstacles to enjoying the backpacking experience in an unfamiliar interregional (intercultural) environment. Given such contradictory phenomena surrounding backpacker tourists in less developed countries, one question is how they manifest their responsible behaviour. Therefore, this research aims to explore the nature and degree of responsible behaviour amongst backpacker tourists in Thailand, which is one of the most popular backpacker destinations in the world. Through mixed method research, this principally explores (1) the frequency levels of backpackers’ behavioural intentions, their actual responsible behaviour, and the gap between them based on a series of items representing responsible behaviour, and (2) their definitions and perceived experiences of responsible behaviour. The research found that whilst backpacker tourists tend to report their frequent responsible behaviour and perceive themselves as “responsible” tourists, in reality, they experience many difficulties in behaving responsibly in an unfamiliar interregional (intercultural) tourism setting in spite of their intention to do so, and while being well aware of the importance of behaving responsibly. There is a propensity among backpacker tourists to exaggerate the importance of small and fleeting experiences of responsible behaviour outside backpacker enclaves (e.g. a moment of demonstrating a respectful attitude towards local people). Also, cultural experiences within backpacker enclaves, which are staged authentic manner (e.g. participation in a cultural or cookery class), tend to be exaggerated in importance and regarded as highly responsible behaviour. Moreover, whilst backpacker tourists appreciate themselves as “responsible” tourists and during their travels they respect others and behave so as not to disturb others which are required to do so regardless of place, culture and custom even in the home in daily life, they represented their reluctance to “engage” in responsible behaviour, especially altruistic and philanthropic activities (i.e., engagement in volunteering work or donating to local communities). These propensities were common to all types of backpacker tourists in this study; even those who reported their own outstandingly frequent intention and actual responsible behaviour (i.e., backpacker tourists who travel extensively with the strong motivation to explore destination countries). The principal conclusion in this research is that, whilst the behaviour reported by the backpacker tourists was never harmfully irresponsible, there are several contradictions between their evaluation of their responsible behaviour and their actual behaviour patterns. Moreover, there is a gap between their behavioural pattern of responsible behaviour and the concept of “responsible tourism” for backpacker tourists. The declared good intentions and instances of actually behaving in a responsible manner by backpacker tourists do not necessarily mean that they behave altruistically and philanthropically that the concept of responsible tourism aims to engender.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and pain are prevalent symptoms experienced by inpatients in acute, long-term and rehabilitation care settings. There is a need for effective relief from these symptoms without increasing the risks as a result of the intervention. Empirical evidence supports the use of music as a complementary therapy for the management of anxiety and pain. However, there is limited knowledge of nurses’ awareness of and intention to use music therapy in clinical practice. AIMS: This study examined nurses’ awareness of and intention to use music therapy for the management of anxiety and pain, and factors that influenced nurses’ intention to implement music therapy in practice. A conceptual framework incorporating elements of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Triandis’ Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour guided the study. METHOD: A correlational, survey-type design was used. The sample consisted of 161 Registered Nurses who were currently providing direct care to patients in acute, rehabilitation and long-term care settings in Ontario. Data were collected using adapted instruments that were pilot tested. RESULTS: Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, moral norms, and awareness were positively and moderately (all β > 0.20, p < .05) associated with nurses’ intention to use music therapy for the management of anxiety and pain. Role beliefs, selected demographic and professional characteristics were not significantly related to nurses’ intention to use music therapy for either anxiety or pain management. Nurse, client and unit factors were additional factors reported by nurses as affecting their use of music therapy in practice. IMPLICATIONS: The findings suggested the need for strategies to educate nurses about music therapy to facilitate its implementation in clinical practice. Research exploring why nurses are unaware of music therapy as an intervention and revisions to the current conceptual framework to incorporate additional factors influencing intervention use are required.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and pain are prevalent symptoms experienced by inpatients in acute, long-term and rehabilitation care settings. There is a need for effective relief from these symptoms without increasing the risks as a result of the intervention. Empirical evidence supports the use of music as a complementary therapy for the management of anxiety and pain. However, there is limited knowledge of nurses’ awareness of and intention to use music therapy in clinical practice. AIMS: This study examined nurses’ awareness of and intention to use music therapy for the management of anxiety and pain, and factors that influenced nurses’ intention to implement music therapy in practice. A conceptual framework incorporating elements of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Triandis’ Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour guided the study. METHOD: A correlational, survey-type design was used. The sample consisted of 161 Registered Nurses who were currently providing direct care to patients in acute, rehabilitation and long-term care settings in Ontario. Data were collected using adapted instruments that were pilot tested. RESULTS: Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, moral norms, and awareness were positively and moderately (all β > 0.20, p < .05) associated with nurses’ intention to use music therapy for the management of anxiety and pain. Role beliefs, selected demographic and professional characteristics were not significantly related to nurses’ intention to use music therapy for either anxiety or pain management. Nurse, client and unit factors were additional factors reported by nurses as affecting their use of music therapy in practice. IMPLICATIONS: The findings suggested the need for strategies to educate nurses about music therapy to facilitate its implementation in clinical practice. Research exploring why nurses are unaware of music therapy as an intervention and revisions to the current conceptual framework to incorporate additional factors influencing intervention use are required.

The sharing economy, which has been receiving significant attention from research due to its unprecedented growth in the recent past, is being seen as a potential driving force to transform and rethink society’s unsustainable approach to consumption. Especially, the concept of food sharing as part of the sharing economy is being considered as essential for a more sustainable world and thus aims at counteracting the unsustainable consumption behaviour of individuals. Even though the importance of food sharing concepts for society is undisputed, academia lags extensive research of this domain from a consumer perspective.  The aim of this study is to investigate the behavioural intention of consumers to engage and use digital, for profit food sharing platforms in a business to consumer setting to obtain an in-depth understanding of the key determinants by extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Additionally, a cross-cultural comparison has been undertaken to acknowledge the international importance of this field.  For the purpose of data collection, an online survey has been conducted. This yielded 4353 responses of which 2995 have been taken into account for the data analysis procedures in SPSS and SmartPLS. The software SmartPLS has been utilized to perform a partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) assessing the measurement as well as structural model including the testing of the proposed hypotheses. Additionally, a multigroup analysis has been performed to investigate behavioural differences between cultures.  The empirical findings show that perceived usefulness and attitude are the strongest predictors of the behavioural intention followed by perceived behavioural control, economic benefit as well as subjective norm. Moreover, the attitude of consumers is strongly driven by sustainable considerations and the perceived trust of consumers towards digital food sharing platforms. Lastly, no statistically significant moderating effect could be identified with regards to culture.

In healthcare, the rising demand for medical services, compounded by a shortage of professionals, presents significant challenges. To address these issues, the healthcare industry has turned to artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance various services such as disease diagnosis, medical imaging interpretation, clinical laboratory tasks, screenings, and health communications. By offering real-time, human-like interactions, AI-driven chatbots facilitate access to healthcare information and services, aiding symptom analysis and providing preliminary disease information before professional consultations. This initiative aims not only to reduce healthcare costs but also to enhance patient access to medical data. Despite their growing popularity, AI-enabled chatbots or conversational agents chatbots in the healthcare disease diagnosis domain continue to encounter obstacles such as a limited user adoption and integration into healthcare systems. This study addresses a gap in the existing literature on the adoption of AI enabled healthcare disease diagnosis chatbots by analysing the elements that influence users' behavioural intention to utilize AI-enabled disease diagnosis chatbots. Employing the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) as a theoretical framework, this quantitative study began with exploratory research to define its scope and context, followed by a survey of 130 participants. The study utilized multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis to evaluate the data. The outcomes suggest that performance expectancy, habits, social influence, and trust significantly associated with the individuals’ behavioural intentions to use AI-enabled chatbots for disease diagnosis. The results of this study reveal that performance expectancy, habits, social influence, and trust significant association with intention to use AI-enabled chatbots for disease diagnosis. The outcomes of this study contribute to existing knowledge in information systems, particularly identifying key factors that boost user adoption of AI-enabled chatbot applications for disease diagnosis. These insights can guide system designers, developers, marketers, and promotors involved in developing, revamping, and promoting chatbot applications, considering the influential factors discovered in this research, thereby increasing the usage of chatbot apps. Furthermore, the research model developed here could serve as a valuable model for future studies on disease diagnostic chatbot applications.

Title: Sports celebrity influence on the behavioural intentions of students from secondary schools and universities in Prague Objectives: The goal of my study is to determine the effect of sports celebrities on the behavioural intentions of students from secondary schools and universities in Prague. Methods: The method of written questionnaire is selected for marketing research. The sampling unit is consisted of students from secondary schools and universities in Prague. The students were selected randomly. Results: The results of research have not been clearly demonstrated that the sports celebrities have positive effect on the behavioural intentions of students from secondary schools and universities in Prague. The final information is organized in tables and graphs in result section. Key words: Marketing, marketing communication, marketing research, behavioural intention, consumer, customer, sports celebrity.

The mobile banking is an increasingly popular service for customers of the traditional banking industry. On the surface, China has the highest adoption rate of this new technology, yet many users do not remain active or they only use mobile banking for the simplest tasks such as checking their balance. This research was designed to uncover the reasons for these two issues by identifying the major factors influencing users' intention to continue using mobile banking (continuance intention) as well as their behavioural intention to try new mobile banking functions. To do so, an integrated model was developed on the basis of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model (UTAUT), task-technology fit model (TTF) and expectation confirmation model (ECM). Empirical data were collected from China's mobile banking users and the integrated model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. The results indicate that the main factors which positively influence the continuance intention include satisfaction, performance expectancy and effort expectancy. Continuance intention, in turn, influences behavioural intention to try new functionality, together with social influence, facilitating conditions and confirmation. Moreover, some mediating effects were discovered. For example, task-technology fit may indirectly affect the continuance intention through users' satisfaction. The research results have a number of theoretical contributions. Firstly, this research discovers that the impact of task-technology fit on users' continuance intention towards mobile banking is fully mediated by users' satisfaction. This enriches the extant literature that is mostly focused on the technology perceptions (e.g. performance expectancy and effort expectancy) of users. Secondly, this research identifies that satisfaction also mediates the impact of confirmation of expectations on continuance intention, also extending the literature on the continuance usage of information systems. Thirdly, this research fills the gap in extant research regarding users' intention to try new mobile banking functions, by proposing a new integrated model using constructs from UTAUT, TTF, and ECM, and demonstrating that continuance intention itself fully mediates the impact of performance expectancy and effort expectancy on behavioural intention. The new model has a high explanatory power than each individual model offers. The research results also have management implications in terms of how to improve the task-technology fit to support continuous use and extended the use of mobile banking. For instance, to improve continuance intention banks can improve satisfaction by optimising task-technology fit. This in turn will require better understanding of users' different task requirements in specific market segments. In addition, banks can also attract users' behavioural intention to try new functionality by timely updating corresponding technology and launching marketing campaigns to keep users informed of any new functions of their mobile banking application.

Cette thèse a pour objet d’étude la prédiction de l’utilisation d’une technologie encore inconnue des utilisateurs ; c’est-à-dire une technologie que ces derniers n’ont pas encore eu l’occasion de mettre en pratique et de facto pour laquelle ils n’ont pas de représentation. Trois objectifs sont poursuivis dans ce travail. Le premier est la construction d’un modèle prédictif de l’intention comportementale d’utiliser les systèmes de transports intelligents coopératifs inconnus en convoquant les deux cadres théoriques que sont l’acceptabilité des technologies (e.g., Venkatesh et Bala, 2008) et la prédiction comportementale (Ajzen, 1991 ; Ajzen et Fishbein, 1973). L’un, focalisé sur le jugement de l’individu sur l’objet, implique la connaissance de cet objet. L’expérience antérieure et les attitudes envers des objets génériques et spécifiques connus proches de l’objet dont on souhaite prédire l’utilisation ont composé la première partie (A) du modèle. L’autre, focalisé sur le jugement de l’individu sur l’utilisation de l’objet autorise les individus à se projeter quant à la valeur attendue de l’utilisation et aux attentes sur les conséquences de cette utilisation (i.e., les origines des attitudes), à la pression de leurs proches et au contrôle qu’ils perçoivent de l’utilisation de la technologie inconnue. Ces déterminants ont composé la seconde partie (B) du modèle. Le deuxième objectif vise à tester, au cours d’une première étude, la structure factorielle de deux questionnaires relatifs à ces deux cadres théoriques A et B. Les résultats nous ont conduits à retenir un modèle en sept facteurs afin de le tester au cours d’une deuxième étude. Les résultats ont montré que l’expérience antérieure avec des objets génériques connus prédisait indirectement l’intention d’utiliser l’objet inconnu via une médiation par les attitudes envers les objets génériques, l’expérience antérieure avec les objets spécifiques et la valeur / attentes à l’égard de l’utilisation de l’objet inconnu. Les résultats ont également montré l’influence indirecte de la norme subjective et du contrôle anticipé de l’utilisation de l’objet sur l’intention via une médiation, là encore, par la valeur / attentes à l’égard de l’utilisation de l’objet inconnu. Le troisième objectif vise à relier l’intention d’utilisation avec l’utilisation réelle des systèmes de transports intelligents coopératifs en situation de conduite automobile. Ces derniers résultats, bien que ténus, ont montré que l’on pouvait réaliser cette prédiction lorsque les situations de conduite étaient adaptées à l’utilisation de la technologie (e.g., Theeuwes, 1993).Mots-clés: prédiction comportementale; acceptabilité des technologies; attitudes; intention comportementale ; comportement ; activité de conduite automobile. / This thesis focuses on the prediction of the use of an unknown technology; that is to say the users did not have yet the opportunity to practice this technology, so they still have no representation of this technology. Three objectives are pursued in this work. The first one is the construction of a predictive model of the behavioural intention to use the unknown cooperative intelligent transport systems by convening the two theoretical frameworks which are the acceptability of the technologies (e.g., Venkatesh & Bala, 2008) and the behavioural prediction (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1973). One of them, focused on the judgment of individuals onto the object, implies the knowledge of this object. Hence the first part (A) of the model is based on past behaviours and attitudes towards generic and specific known objects close to the one that we want to predict the use. The other one is focused on the judgment of individuals onto the use of the object. This enables individuals to project themselves regarding the expected behaviour value and the expectations of the results of using it (i.e., the attitudes’ determinants), and both the subjective norm and the perceived behavioural control of the use of this unknown technology. These determinants form the second part (B) of the model. The second objective aims at testing, in a first study, the factor structure of the two questionnaires A and B. The results led us to retain a model based on seven factors in order to test it in a second study. The results showed that past behaviours with known generic objects indirectly predicted the intention to use the unknown object via a mediation through attitudes towards generic objects, past behaviours with specific objects, expected behaviour value and expectations of the results of the use of the unknown technology. Also, the results showed an indirect influence of the subjective norm and the perceived behavioural control on the intention to use the unknown object via a mediation by the value / expectations regarding the use of the unknown object. The third objective aims at linking the intention with the actual use of cooperative intelligent transport systems in driving situations. These results, although tenuous, have shown that this prediction could be made when the driving situations were consistant with the use of the technology (Theeuwes, 1993).Keywords: behavioural prediction; technology acceptance; attitudes; behavioural intention; behaviour; activity of driving.

Cette thèse a un double objectif : évaluer la pertinence théorique du modèle du comportement planifié dans le contexte camerounais et valider un modèle intégratif d’explication de l’intention de s’engager dans des programmes de restructuration du travail informel. Nous sommes parti du constat d’un décalage entre la mobilisation croissante en vue de formaliser les activités informelles et leur paradoxale persistance dans les pays en voie de développement en général et au Cameroun en particulier. Il est question de comprendre pourquoi les acteurs du travail informel adhèrent peu aux politiques publiques en faveur dudit secteur.La littérature sur le travail informel l’aborde comme une catégorie d’analyse (Busso, 2005) et a tendance à expliquer l’échec des programmes par des causes exogènes, socioéconomiques et politiques. De ce fait, elle néglige l’importance de la dimension psychosociale dans l’implémentation des politiques publiques et l’accompagnement du changement. L’échec des programmes successifs initiés au Cameroun en vue de restructurer le travail informel justifie l’intérêt d’étudier les déterminants sociocognitifs de l’engagement dans lesdits programmes. En nous appuyant sur les modèles cognitivo-comportementaux, nous nous attendons à ce que les représentations, les croyances et les perceptions puissent permettre de mieux comprendre les intentions des acteurs du ce secteur à s’engager dans les programmes de restructuration dudit travail. Plusieurs approches théoriques sont ainsi mobilisés. La théorie des représentations sociales (Jodelet, 1996), la théorie du comportement planifié (Ajzen, 2015), la théorie du comportement orienté par un but (Locke & Latham, 2002) entre autres.Sept études ont été réalisées. La première explore les représentations sociales du travail informel et des programmes visant sa restructuration. Les six autres études sont empiriques. Elles explorent les liens entre représentations sociales, croyances et attitudes des travailleurs informels et des promoteurs d’unités de production informelles (études 2 et 3). Elles évaluent également la pertinence théorique du modèle du comportement planifié tout comme le rôle médiateur du désir (Bagozzi, 1992) entre l’intention comportementale et ses déterminants (études 4 et 5). Dans les études 6 et 7 sont évaluées l’impact de la connaissance, de la crédibilité perçue des programmes et des acteurs chargés de les piloter, ainsi que la perception de l’information sur l’intention. Les hypothèses sont vérifiées auprès de deux échantillons (travailleurs informels, N =337, et promoteurs d’unités de production informelle, N = 175, respectivement). Le modèle global est évalué.Les résultats confortent les hypothèses de la thèse. Malgré la pertinence du modèle du comportement planifié dans l’explication de l’intention de s’engager dans les programmes, l’intégration de variables nouvelles dans un modèle intégratif permet d’améliorer de façon significative la variance expliquée de l’intention. En effet, cette variance passe de 52.40% à 76% chez les travailleurs informels et de 44% à 78.30% chez les promoteurs d’unités de production informelle avec la prise en compte de ces variables supplémentaires. Par ailleurs, les résultats montrent que la connaissance des programmes joue un rôle prépondérant non seulement dans l’explication de l’intention, mais également de l’attitude. Ces résultats vont dans le sens des travaux antérieurs (Radovic & Hasking, 2013). La crédibilité perçue des programmes apparait aussi comme un déterminant majeur de l’intention chez les travailleurs informels alors qu’elle l’est moins chez les promoteurs d’UPI. Chez ces derniers, on note un effet élevé de la perception de l’information sur l’intention de s’engager dans les programmes de restructuration du travail informel. Ces résultats sont aussi consonants avec la littérature (Lunemberg, 2011) qui soutient que le désir est le déterminant proximal de l’intention. / This thesis has a double objective: to evaluate the theoretical pertinence of the planned behaviour theory (PBT) in the Cameroonian context and to validate an integrative explanatory model of the intention of engaging in the informal work sector restructuring programs. Our stating point was the observation of the distance that exists between the increasing mobilisation towards the formalisation of informal activities and their paradoxical persistence in developing countries in general and particularly in Cameroon. Our preoccupation is to understand why the informal work actors refuse to adhere to public policies in favour of the said sector. Which psycho-social variables could justify their intention and consequentLiterature on the informal work considers it as a category of analysis (Busso, 2005) and has the tendency of explaining the failure of programs by external, socioeconomic and political causes. By doing so, they neglect the psycho-social dimension in the implementation of public policies and the accompaniment of change. The successive failure of programs initiated in Cameroon in order to restructure the informal work justifies the interest towards socio-cognitive determinants of engagement in the said programs. Based on the cognitions-behaviours models, we expect that the representations, beliefs and perceptions could help in the understanding of the intentions of the actors to engage in informal work restructuring programs. Therefore, prediction models of behaviour have been mobilised in order to discern those socio-cognitive factors that can likely explain those intentions. Several theoretical approaches have been used in this framework. These include: the theory of social representations (Jodelet, 1996), the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 2015), the goal oriented behaviour theory (Locke & Latham, 2002), etc.Seven studies have been realised. The first one which is exploratory, analyses the social representations of the informal work and the programs geared towards its reorganization. The six other studies are empirical. They analyse the relationship between social representations, beliefs and attitudes respectively of the informal workers and the informal business promoters (studies 2 and 3); they evaluate the theoretical pertinence of the planned behaviour model just as the mediator role of the desire (Bagozzi, 1992) between the behavioural intention and its determinants (studies 4 and 5). In the 6th and 7th studies are evaluated the impact of the knowledge, the perceived credibility of the programs and the actors in charge of piloting them, as well as the perception of information about those programs on the intention. The hypotheses are verified on two samples (337 informal workers and 175 informal business promoters respectively). The global model is evaluated.The results reinforce the thesis. Despite the pertinence of the planned behaviour model in the explanation of the intention of engaging in the programs, the integration of new variables improve significantly the explained variance of the intention. Indeed, this variance goes from 52.40% to 76% among informal workers and from 44% to 78.30% among informal business promoters. Moreover, the results show that knowledge of programs plays a major role not only in explaining the intention, but also in the attitude. These results are in line with previous works (Radovic & Hasking, 2013). The perceived credibility of the programs appears also as a major determinant of the intention among informal workers while it is less among informal work promoters. Among the latter, there is quite a high effect of the perception of information on the intention of engaging in the informal work restructuring programs. These results are also consistent with the literature (Lunenberg, 2011) which considers the desire as the proximate determinant of the intention.

Rapid technological progress has transformed our daily activities. One of these is how we pay for goods. Mobile payment is a payment option with great potential, but it is still struggling to become part of individuals' daily life. Previous research shows that adoption and acceptance of mobile payment vary widely between different countries. It is important to understand the determinants of mobile payment adoption, as cultural differences between countries may be one of the primary reasons for the different degrees of user mobile payment adoption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors, which influence user adoption of mobile payment in one Asian country, China, and one European country, Sweden. In addition, the aim of the study is to explore the difference in mobile payment adoption from the cultural point of view at an individual level. In this study, two research questions are proposed: what influences user intention to adopt mobile payment in the context of China and Sweden, and how does an individual culture influence user adoption of mobile payment in the context of China and Sweden. The research was conducted with a combination of an extended UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) model with the added concept of Perceived Information security and Hofstede's cultural theory. Altogether, it was studied how these concepts influence Behavioural intention.  Based on the literature review of mobile payment adoption by users and Hofstede's culture theory, this study uses qualitative research to interpret the phenomenon on a deeper level with the intention of explaining it. Through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, several conclusions were drawn. The analysis of the results showed that the proposed research model applies to China and Sweden. Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, and Social Influence have influenced the user mobile payment adoption in both studied countries, and Perceived Information Security has a strong influence on users in Sweden. The results also show that Power Distance, Collectivism, and Masculinity have a strong moderating effect on the behavioural intention of users in China, while Collectivism and Femininity have a strong moderating effect on the behavioural intention of users in Sweden. On this basis, it is suggested that cultural factors be incorporated into the research model of technology acceptance, and further research should be conducted in different countries to provide different perspectives.