In the past, most studies of the multi-national team were focused on the differences of culture, or adopted the concept of Western theory to explain the organizational behavior of Chinese community. Research methods also are based on logical positivism, not showing the process of conflicting, bearing, and adjusting different cultures. In this study, there are several attempts, such as the standpoint of research and research method. In regard to standpoint of research, I adopt the perspective of Chinese to observe organization conflict and cultural differences within a multi-national team (CAT Problem); in regard to research method, I used Narrative Inquiry to explore and describe the progress and story of multi-national team and tried to analyze the Chinese members¡¦ silent response in the operational process of multi-national team, which can be interpreted as the following four meanings: (a) focusing on the harmonious relationship between the groups, and (b) showing the bearing, and (C) adhering to the formality, and(d) looking forward to equal payback. This study found that each member of the multi-national team has to understand and grasp his/ her deep cultural context which influences his/ her words and deeds. And then team members can base on understanding cultural differences in the interaction of the team to find out the consensus and the way of thinking of the multi-national team. In addition, this study also recommends the leader should assist the Chinese team member of multinational team to redefine the cognitive of the harmonious relationship. It will help Chinese team member to improve the performance in a multi-national team.

This thesis analyzes three current and popular media sites, exploring a term I coin “straight benevolence.” An ostensibly supportive and progressive attitude adopted by heterosexuals and expressed toward gay men in the United States, straight benevolence surreptitiously subordinates gayness and further entrenches white masculine heterosexual privilege. In my examination of hip-hop artist Macklemore’s “Same Love,” seven Major League Baseball “It Gets Better” gay-advocacy videos, and the “Suddenly, Last Summer” episode of ABC’s primetime U.S. television series Modern Family, I take an intersectional approach to address the interanimation of sexuality, gender, and race. I ask: In what ways is gay male sexuality normalized and sanitized, which I argue are requirements for straight benevolence? What attitudes toward gayness surface? How do supposedly enlightened, even charitable, stances on gayness construct representations of ideal—straight, male, white—citizens and therefore privilege particular identities? How, in other words, does straight benevolence preserve heterosexist and racist norms?

The role of trust in traditional face-to-face mentoring has already been investigated in several research studies. However, to our knowledge, very few studies have examined how trust is established in electronic-mentoring relationships. The purpose of the current study is to examine by means of the Mayer et al. (1995) model how e-mentees perceive a prospective e-mentor's trustworthiness and how these perceptions influence the decision to be mentored by a particular e-mentor. A sample comprised of 253 undergraduate and graduate students from the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa participated as potential mentees by completing a survey after having reviewed the selected e-mentor’s profile. The survey employed quantitative and qualitative measurements to assess the mentee's perception of the prospective e-mentor’s level of trustworthiness. In the quantitative section, both the Behavioural Trust Inventory (Gillespie, 2003) and the Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness (Mayer et al., 1999) were measured. The Behavioural Trust Inventory was designed to measure the extent to which a mentee is willing to be vulnerable in e-mentoring relationships. The Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness (ability, benevolence and integrity) were designed to measure these three attributes’ contributions to the extent to which the mentees perceived the e-mentor as being trustworthy. The factorial structure (confirmatory factor analysis) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of the constructs were examined. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the fit of the models (Behavioural Trust Inventory and Mayer et al.) to an e-mentoring context. In the qualitative section, the indicators of trustworthiness were collected by means of an open-ended question and were analyzed by means of content analysis. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that the models (the Behavioural Trust Inventory and the Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness) have an adequate fit with the e-mentoring model after accounting for some correlated error terms. The results of the qualitative analysis identified some other attributes (apart from ability, benevolence and integrity groups) have an influence on the extent to which the mentees perceived the e-mentor as being trustworthy. The main finding is that the Mayer et al. (1995) model appears to be a suitable device for the measurement of trust in e-mentoring relationships at the initiation phase.

Research on racism in Australia by white psychologists is often fraught with tensions surrounding a) accounting for privilege, b) the depiction of particular racial minorities, and c) how individual acts of racism are understood. Nowhere is this more evident than in research that focuses on the relationship between Indigenous and white Australians. Such research, as this thesis will demonstrate, has at times failed to provide an account of the ongoing acts of racism that shape the discipline of psychology, and which thus inform how white psychologists in Australia write about Indigenous people. As a counter to this, I outline in this thesis an alternate approach to understanding racism in Australia, one that focuses on the ways in which racism is foundational to white subjectivities in Australia, and one that understands white violence against Indigenous people as an ongoing act. In order to explicate these points, and to examine what they mean in relation to white claims to belonging in Australia, I employ psychoanalytic concepts within a framework of critical psychology in order to develop an account of racism which, whilst drawing on the insights afforded by social constructionist approaches to racism and subjectivity, usefully extends such approaches in order to understand their import for examining racism in Australia. More specifically, I demonstrate how racism in Australia displays what Hook (2005) refers to as a 'psychic life of colonial power', one that implicates all people in histories of racism, and one that highlights the collective psychical nature of racism, rather than understanding it as an individual act. In the analyses that follow from this framework I demonstrate how white privilege and its corollary - the disavowal of Indigenous sovereignty - are warranted by white Australians. To do this, I engage in a textual analysis of empirical data, focusing on both the everyday talk of white Australians as gathered via focus groups and a speech by Prime Minister Howard. In particular, I highlight how claims by white Australians to 'doing good' for Indigenous people (what I refer to as 'benevolence') may in fact be seen to evidence one particular moment where the originary violence of colonisation is yet again played out in the name of the white nation. More specifically, and following Ahmed (2004), I suggest that claims to 'anti-racism' may be seen as 'non-performatives' - they do not require white Australians to actually challenge our unearned privilege, nor to examine how we are located within racialised networks of power. In contrast to this, I sketch out an approach to examining racism, both within the discipline of psychology and beyond, that is accountable for ongoing histories of colonial violence, which acknowledges the role that the discipline often continues to play in the legitimation of race, and which is willing to address the relationship that white Australians are already in with Indigenous Australians. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Psychology, 2005.

The role of trust in traditional face-to-face mentoring has already been investigated in several research studies. However, to our knowledge, very few studies have examined how trust is established in electronic-mentoring relationships. The purpose of the current study is to examine by means of the Mayer et al. (1995) model how e-mentees perceive a prospective e-mentor's trustworthiness and how these perceptions influence the decision to be mentored by a particular e-mentor. A sample comprised of 253 undergraduate and graduate students from the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa participated as potential mentees by completing a survey after having reviewed the selected e-mentor’s profile. The survey employed quantitative and qualitative measurements to assess the mentee's perception of the prospective e-mentor’s level of trustworthiness. In the quantitative section, both the Behavioural Trust Inventory (Gillespie, 2003) and the Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness (Mayer et al., 1999) were measured. The Behavioural Trust Inventory was designed to measure the extent to which a mentee is willing to be vulnerable in e-mentoring relationships. The Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness (ability, benevolence and integrity) were designed to measure these three attributes’ contributions to the extent to which the mentees perceived the e-mentor as being trustworthy. The factorial structure (confirmatory factor analysis) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of the constructs were examined. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the fit of the models (Behavioural Trust Inventory and Mayer et al.) to an e-mentoring context. In the qualitative section, the indicators of trustworthiness were collected by means of an open-ended question and were analyzed by means of content analysis. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that the models (the Behavioural Trust Inventory and the Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness) have an adequate fit with the e-mentoring model after accounting for some correlated error terms. The results of the qualitative analysis identified some other attributes (apart from ability, benevolence and integrity groups) have an influence on the extent to which the mentees perceived the e-mentor as being trustworthy. The main finding is that the Mayer et al. (1995) model appears to be a suitable device for the measurement of trust in e-mentoring relationships at the initiation phase.

Thesis advisor: Raquel Muñiz / Trust is never more important than during a crisis. For years, researchers have been studying trust in organizations and schools, focusing on the principal and teacher relationship and its impact on school climate. The literature has been less focused, however, on the superintendent and principal relationship—and the role trust plays within that relationship. Moreover, given the recency and continually evolving nature of COVID-19, there is little research about the actions superintendents and principals are taking to lead their school communities through this pandemic and even less research on how this crisis impacts the relational trust between the superintendent and the principal. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine how trust impacts the relationship between the superintendent and the principals in their district. Accordingly, this study will address the following research questions: 1) How do principals view their relationship with the superintendent and their schools during a crisis? and 2) What practices influence the role of trust in this relationship? To understand how principals view their relationships with their superintendent, as well as practices that influence trust, I conducted six interviews with five principals and the superintendent, and I observed a School Committee meeting where a principal presented on behalf of all principals in support of the superintendent. Principals highlighted how working for a benevolent, competent, and reliable superintendent over a long period of time helps them build trust in their superior while also leading a school during a time of crisis. Practices that appeared to build and sustain trust during the COVID-19 crisis and that support a trusting relationship between the superintendent and principals include length of time working together; perceived trust from the superintendent in the principals’ competence, which led to reciprocal trust; the ability to advocate for systems-wide change; and acts of benevolence. This research emphasizes that the relationship between principals and the superintendent matters. It is essential that trust is developed between principals and the superintendent to ensure a stable working environment for staff, ultimately leading to greater consistency for students during trying times in school and beyond. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

本論文旨在比較分析朱子與李退溪之政治思想。論文內容共分五章十三節，茲簡述各章之重點如下： 第一章為導論：敘述研究動機與目的、研究範圍與方法。 第二章朱子的政治思想：探討重格物致知，以「大學體系」為本，主張重視民生問題、反和議以及天理實踐的哲人政治。 第三章退溪的政治思想：探討重倫理道德，以「聖學十圖體系」為本，主張重視人民之生命、和平睦鄰以及仁體實踐的仁者政治。 第四章比較朱子退溪政治思想的異同：特別著重在時代環境、文化背景等因素對二者政治思想所產生的影響。 第五章為結論：綜合探討和提出個人的研究心得。

Tidigare studier har noterat att svenska folkets motstånd mot fördjupad europeisk integration kan härledas från deras värnandet av välfärdsstaten. Ytterligare studier har funnit att prioriteringen av vissa mänskliga värderingar leder till att individen värderar välfärdsstaten i högre utsträckning. Denna undersökning gör ett försök att bredda förståelsen för hur prioriteringen av vissa mänskliga värderingar kan påverka individen att antingen ha en gynnsam eller ogynnsam syn på välfärdsstaten, och som därmed påverkar individernas stöd för fördjupad europeisk integration. Detta görs genom att använda Schwartz värderingsteori för att initialt skilja mellan Self-transcendence värderingar och Self-enhancement värderingar och analysera deras direkta effekt på stödet för fördjupad europeisk integration. En andra analys görs för att mäta de indirekta effekterna av mänskliga värderingar, kanaliserad genom attityder till välfärdsstaten, på stöd för fördjupad europeisk integration. Data för denna undersökning består av sekundärdata från ESS omgång 9 och använder ett urval av svenska respondenter på N=1474. / Previous studies have noted that swedish opposition to further European integration can be derived from their emphasis on and the importance they place upon the domestic welfare state. Further studies have shown that the prioritization of certain human values will lead the individual to regard the welfare state in a higher respect. This paper will make an attempt to broaden the understanding of how the prioritization of certain human values can influence the individual to have a favorable or unfavorable view of the welfare state, and therefore effect the individuals' support for further European integration. This is done by utilizing Schwartz value theory to initially distinguish between Self-transcendence values and Self-enhancement values and analyze their direct effect on support for further European integration. A second analysis is performed to measure the indirect effects of human values channeled through attitudes to the welfare state on support for further European integration. The data for this paper consists of secondary data provided by ESS round 9 and uses a selection of swedish respondents with a N=1474.

Background: Opportunities for companies to interact with both each other and consumers expand drastically due to the everyday life that is getting more digital. Something that is important for businesses is loyalty. In order to gain loyalty from a customer, companies need to gain the customer’s trust first. Trust has a significant role when business is conducted, but since there is a larger distance in an online context where there is a lack of direct contact trust gets more vital. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the impacts of antecedents on trust in an online B2B context. Hypotheses: H1: Ability has a positive impact on trust in an online B2B context H2: Benevolence has a positive impact on trust in an online B2B context H3: Internalised norms has a positive impact on trust in an online B2B context H4: Accountability has a positive impact on trust in an online B2B context Methodology: A quantitative research approach has been used and the empirical data has been collected through a questionnaire. Conclusion: The hypotheses are being rejected in the conclusion due to lack of significance in the relationship between the concept trust online and the concepts: ability, benevolence, internalised norms and accountability. Since there was no relation the conceptual model was rejected as well.

O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender o conceito de padrão moral na filosofia de David Hume. Qual sua importância? O padrão moral regula os juízos morais. Todos os juízos de valor dependem do gosto e de sentimentos de prazer ou desagrado. Mas o que é o gosto? Quais objetos ele julga? Como ele forma juízos? Em moral, o objeto do gosto é o caráter pessoal. O caráter virtuoso causa prazer, o vicioso causa desgosto. Sentimos prazer com um caráter virtuoso porque ele contribui para a felicidade da espécie humana. Sentimos prazer com a felicidade de nossa espécie por causa de um instinto denominado benevolência. Todos nós temos esse instinto, existe uma natureza humana. Alguns juízos de gosto são defectivos, mas o refinamento corrige-os. O padrão moral é instituído pelo refinado gosto de indivíduos que contemplaram a natureza humana. Eles são chamados de moralistas. Moralistas humanizam a humanidade. São essas as principais teses examinadas aqui. / This dissertation aims to comprehend the concept of moral standard in David Humes philosophy. Why is it important? The moral standard regulates moral judgments. All value judgments depend on taste and on sentiments of pleasure or dislike. But what is taste? What objects does it judge? How does it make judgments? The object of taste on morals is personal character. The virtuous character causes pleasure, the vicious character causes disgust. We feel pleasure with a virtuous character, for he promotes the happiness of the human species. We feel pleasure with the happiness of our species because of an instinct denominated benevolence. We all have this instinct, there is a human nature. Some judgments of taste are defective, but refinement corrects them. The moral standard is instituted by the refined taste of individuals who contemplated human nature. They are called moralists. Moralists humanize humanity. These are the principal theses here examined.