Noise is noisy. Its multiple definitions cover one another in such a way as to generate what they seek to describe. My thesis tracks the ways in which noise can be understood historically and theoretically. I begin with the Skandalkonzert that took place in Vienna in 1913. I then extend this historical example into a theoretical reading of the noise of Derrida’s Of Grammatology, arguing that sound and noise are the unheard of his text, and that Derrida’s thought allows us to hear sound studies differently. Writing on sound must listen to the noise of the motion of différance, acknowledge the failings, fading, and flailings of sonic discourse, and so keep in play the aporias that constitute the field of sound itself. / Graduate / 0413 / 0422 / mitchrenaud@gmail.com

Orientador: Mário Roberto Maróstica Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:41:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Batista_AngelaGiovana_M.pdf: 1042643 bytes, checksum: 8a7d597d0c0012f15fd49f04953138c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O sobrepeso e a obesidade têm sido apontados como problemas de saúde pública e estão associados com o surgimento de doenças crônicas. O estresse oxidativo desencadeado pela ingestão de dietas hiperlipídicas estimula o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica, a qual é acompanhada de doenças cardiovasculares, dislipidemias, diabetes, resistência à insulina e outros. A casca de jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg.) é rica em antocianinas, compostos fenólicos antioxidantes extensivamente referenciados pela literatura científica devido ao seu potencial de combater o estresse oxidativo in vivo. A proposta deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo e perfil lipídico de ratos Sprague-Dawley alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica adicionada de casca de jabuticaba liofilizada (CJL). Trinta ratos foram distribuídos em 5 grupos de 6 animais: controle normal (N) ¿ dieta normal AIN-93G; controle hiperlipídico (C) ¿ dieta com 35% de lipídios (31% banha suína e 4% óleo de soja); jabuticaba 1 (J1), jabuticaba 2 (J2) e jabuticaba 4 (J4) ¿ dieta hiperlipídica (C) adicionada de 1, 2 e 4% de CJL, respectivamente. Os animais dos grupos J1, J2 e J4 foram alimentados com dieta C nos primeiros 30 dias e depois receberam as dietas com CJL, completando 70 dias de experimento. Os animais foram mortos por decapitação, e exsanguinados para obtenção do soro, plasma e órgãos para liofilização. As análises da capacidade antioxidante total do plasma e órgãos, enzimas envolvidas no estresse oxidativo em órgãos, além de lipídeos séricos, hepáticos e fecais, foram analisados para verificação do efeito da adição de CJL às dietas. No segundo período do experimento (últimos 40 dias), a ingestão dietética dos animais J4 foi maior em relação ao grupo C. O grupo J2 mostrou os maiores níveis de lipídios hepáticos e fecais, e o grupo J4 a maior média nos níveis de colesterol hepático e fecal. Não houve diferenças significativas para triglicerídeos hepáticos, e os grupos J1 e J4 excretaram mais triglicerídeos via fezes em relação a C. Os parâmetros de avaliação antioxidante no plasma foram aumentados nos grupos alimentados com J2 e J4. Todas as dietas contendo CJL impediram a peroxidação lipídica hepática induzida pela dieta hiperlipídica, bem como aumentaram sua capacidade antioxidante. No cérebro foi percebida uma resposta dependente da dose de CJL: os valores de TBARS diminuíram com o aumento do teor de antocianinas na dieta. Os rins dos animais alimentados com J2 e J4 mostraram uma melhora do seu status antioxidante de acordo com análises de ORAC e GSH. Os grupos J1 e J4 apresentaram os maiores valores de TEAC no baço. Assim, a inclusão na dieta CJL poderia reforçar as defesas antioxidantes sistêmicas,além de promover maior eficiência na excreção de triglicerídeos. Portanto, o produto da casca de jabuticaba pode ser uma alternativa natural para minimizar os danos do estresse oxidativo induzido pela obesidade / Abstract: Overweight and obesity have been identified as public health problems and are associated with chronic diseases. High-fat diet-induced oxidative stress stimulates the development of metabolic syndrome, which is accompanied by cardiovascular diseases,dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance and others. The peel of jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg.) is rich in anthocyanins, phenolic antioxidants, which are referenced in the scientific literature because of its in vivo antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of biomarkers of oxidative stress and to evaluate the lipid profile of rats fed high-fat diet with freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP) added. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each: normal control (N) - normal diet AIN-93G; high-fat control (C) - a diet with 35% fat (31% lard and 4% soybean oil); jaboticaba 1 (J1), jaboticaba 2 (J2), and jaboticaba 4 (J4) - fat diet (C) with 1, 2 and 4% CJL added, respectively. The animals of J1, J2 and J4 groups received C diet during the first 30 days and after, they received the FJP diets, completing 70 days. The animals were killed by decapitation and exsanguinated to obtain the serum, plasma and organs for lyophilization. The total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress-related enzyme activities of the tissues, and serum, liver and feces lipids were analyzed as indicators of FJP diets in vivo effects. In the second period of the experiment (last 40 days), food intake of J4 animals was higher than in C group. The J2 group showed higher levels of hepatic and fecal lipids and the animals from J4 group showed the highest hepatic and fecal cholesterol levels. There were no significant differences in hepatic triglycerides, but J1 and J4 groups excreted more triglycerides relative to C group. The antioxidant parameters evaluated in plasma were increased in the groups fed the J2 and J4 diets. All FJP diets prevented hepatic oxidative stress. Brain exhibited a dependent dose response as lipid peroxidation decreased with increasing of FJP content in the diet. The kidneys of J2 and J4-fed animals showed an improvement in their antioxidant status according to ORAC and GSH assays. The J1 and J4 groups showed the highest TEAC values in the spleen. Thus, the inclusion of FJP in the diet could enhance systemic antioxidant defenses, and promote greater efficiency in the excretion of triglycerides. This product could be a natural alternative to minimize the damage of obesity-induced oxidative stress / Mestrado / Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestra em Alimentos e Nutrição

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The objective of this study was to determine the hydrosalinity fluxes associated with overland and subsurface (vadose zone) flow for different soils and land uses. For this purpose, the following data were collected during 2005 and 2006 in a typical small scale catchment located near the town of Riebeeck-Wes: weather data, hydrological and water quality measurements, soil water contents and chemistry, and vegetation growth. The area is characterized by a Mediterranean climate receiving winter rainfall of approximately 300 mm a catchment is conservative, with Na + and Cl- being the dominant ions.

Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv and Cons Biol) / Heavy metals and nutrients have long been regarded as pollutants to freshwater ecosystems. These elements have a detrimental effect on plants, animals and the water quality of rivers in South Africa. The Berg River flows from the mountains of Franschhoek to the West Coast of the Western Cape. It is an important river in Cape Town, as it is essential for water distribution to town, for agriculture and industry and also supports a rich diversity of organisms in the ecosystem. Along the river, many farms and towns are situated and many tributaries enter the river. The Berg River dam provides for a water supply during the drier periods of the year. Therefore it is crucial to maintain a good water quality. The study was driven by the need to increase the knowledge of water quality in the upper Berg River after the construction of a new major Berg River dam, constructed in 2007. This study investigated oxygen, water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite in the water and cadmium, copper, lead, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus found in water, sediment and three plant species at ten sites along the upper Berg River, Western Cape. The results showed that the electrical conductivity, pH and the concentrations of nitrate, calcium and magnesium increased downstream, whereas the water temperature decreased downstream. Nitrate, cadmium, copper, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium displayed a general increase towards the colder period in the water. Seasonally, copper and magnesium showed significant winter increase within the sediment. Nitrogen, iron and calcium levels within Salix sp., Acacia mearnsii and Brabejum stellatifolium increased downstream. Nitrogen, cadmium, copper, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the three species were higher in the warmer seasons and decreased in the colder. Sources of pollution stem from the Franschhoek and Dwars tributaries, urban and farm runoff.

As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são responsáveis pela maioria das mortes ocorridas em todo o mundo. Os riscos para o desenvolvimento destas patologias podem ser amenizados, em parte, por meio de uma dieta rica em alimentos de origem vegetal. Neste sentido, os frutos nativos brasileiros, como os pertencentes à família Myrtaceae, podem contribuir para melhorar a qualidade da alimentação, pois apresentam altos teores de compostos bioativos, entre eles, os fenólicos (CBF). Pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos dos polifenóis destes frutos para redução do risco de desenvolvimento das DCV. Sendo assim, este trabalho buscou avaliar a bioacessibilidade dos CBF presentes em polpas de cambuci e jabuticaba e seus efeitos in vitro sobre mecanismos de ação relacionados às DCV. Para tanto, extratos ricos em polifenóis foram obtidos a partir de extrações em fase sólida (C18 e PA) das polpas de ambos os frutos, submetidas ou não à simulação da digestão gastrointestinal. Estes extratos tiveram seus efeitos inibitórios sobre a atividade da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina I (ECA) e a agregação plaquetária induzida por adenosina difosfato avaliados in vitro. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a digestão in vitro foi capaz de liberar os CBF da matriz alimentar. Tal bioacessibilidade parece ter sido importante apenas para a inibição da agregação plaquetária, uma vez que a capacidade inibitória destes compostos sobre a atividade da ECA não melhorou depois da digestão in vitro. Quanto aos resultados obtidos pelos extratos provenientes das colunas PA e C18, observa-se que as maiores concentrações de taninos nestes últimos não foram suficientes para melhorar a capacidade antiagregante, mas foram importantes para aumentar a inibição da atividade da ECA. Comparando-se as respostas apresentadas pelos dois frutos, os CBF presentes no cambuci exibiram, predominantemente, potenciais anti-hipertensivo e antiagregantedo maiores do que os da jabuticaba. Neste contexto, o consumo de cambuci e jabuticaba, bem como a utilização de seus polifenóis purificados, podem ser adjuvantes para a redução dos riscos relacionados ao desenvolvimento das DCV. / The cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. The risk of development of these disorders can be reduced, partially, by a vegetal-based diet. In this way, the Brazilian native fruits from Myrtaceae family may contribute to improve the diet quality, once they have high quantity of bioactive compounds, such as the phenolic (PC). The knowledge about the cardioprotective effects of consuming these fruit polyphenols is limited, so this study aimed to evaluate the bioaccessibility of the cambuci and jaboticaba PC and their in vitro potential on CVD-related mechanisms. First, gastrointestinal digestion simulation of each fruit pulp was done, and then the polyphenols rich extracts were obtained by solid phase extractions, before and after the pulps digestion. The polyphenols rich extracts had their phenolic concentrations determined and were used to evaluate the capacity of PC in inhibit the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) activity and the platelet aggregation induced by ADP. The results were expressed as IC50, considering the total phenolic content per milliliter of reaction. According to the results, the in vitro digestion process was able to release the polyphenols from the food matrix. Therefore, the bioaccessibility had no significant effect on ACE activity, but decreased the IC50 values of platelet aggregation. In relation to the extracts from PA and C18 columns, the higher tannin concentration In comparison to the IC50 values presented by PA extracts, the higher concentrations of tannins in the last one were not enough to improve the antiaggregant effect, but were important to increase the inhibition of ACE activity. Cambuci polyphenols presented higher antihypertensive and antiaggregant potentials than the jaboticaba compounds. In this respect, the ingestion of cambuci and jaboticaba and the use of their purified polyphenols can be of particular importance in reducing the risk for the CVD development.

Heinrich Schenker's concept of the auxiliary cadence can be considered as a middleground manifestation of the Ursatz; his definition of the auxiliary cadence caters only to tonal compositions with a single background tonic, such as Brahms's songs. However, there exist compositions in which the a single background tonic cannot be easily ascertained. Such unorthodox compositions, in fact, can be found even prior to Brahms's songs. In such cases, although the opening and closing tonics are different and are often categorized as large-scale auxiliary cadence structured compositions, they do not operate within the single-tonic based tonal paradigm upon which Schenker formed his idea of the auxiliary cadence. Such compositions may be approached as a novel type of auxiliary cadence and described as "process-driven." The thesis presents and contrasts examples of both types of auxiliary cadences in songs by Schubert, Brahms, and Berg.

Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka fyra grundläggningsmetoder och komma fram till vid vilket djup till fast berg den ekonomiska brytpunkten ligger. Detta utfördes genom att skapa två modeller baserade på pågående projekt på Sweco Structures AB. Studien innefattade kostnader för projektering, material och produktion. Projekteringskostnader togs fram i samarbete med Sweco Structures AB,medan kostnader för material och produktion kartlagts genom intervjuer av entreprenörer och leverantörer. De grundläggningssätt som har studerats i detta examensarbete är pålning med borrade stålrörspålar, slagna betong- och stålrörspålar samt gjutning av betongplintar efter schaktning ner till fast berg. Beräkningar för dimensionering av betongplintar och betongfundament genomfördes med hjälp av Eurokod 2 och Betonghandboken. Statisk lastkapacitet har för varje påle beräknats analytiskt och med hjälp av beräkningsprogrammet Rymdpålgrupp. För att kunna analysera prisbilden harmedian, lägsta-, högsta- och medelpris beräknats för samtliga kostnader.Alla slutgiltiga beräkningar är utförda i Mathcad 15.0. Genom att beräkningarna ärautomatiserade kan filen fungera som en mall vid dimensionering och beslutstagande avseende grundläggningsmetod, exempelvis vid upprättande av systemhandlingar. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att valet av vilken grundläggningsmetod som lämpar sig bästför det aktuella projektet beror på många faktorer. På grund av varierande förutsättningar krävs olika tekniska lösningar. Det är därmed vanskligt att ange engenerell rekommendation. Från resultatet av modellerna framgår det att metoden med schaktning och gjutning av betongplintar på berg är kostnadseffektiv om djup till fastberg är mindre än 2,3 m. Examensarbetets undersökning visar också att den mest kostnadseffektiva metoden är slagna pålar av stål. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate cost efficiency of four foundation methods and conclude at which depth to solid rock the economic breaking point is located. This was done by investigating models based on two ongoing projects at Sweco Structures AB. The study comprised costs for design, material and production. The costs for the design phase have been examined in cooperation with Sweco Structures AB, whilst costs for material and production have been defined through interviews with contractors and suppliers.The foundation methods that have been studied in this master thesis are; piling with drilled steel piles, driven concrete and steel piles and casting of concrete footings (after excavation to solid rock). Design calculations of concrete foundations and concrete footings have been carried out according to Eurocode 2 and Betonghandboken. Staticload capacity has been calculated for each pile; both analytically and numerically. To be able to analyze the price accuracy a median, lowest-, highest and an average value have been calculated for all costs. All final calculations are performed in Mathcad 15.0. Since the calculations are automated it is possible to use the file as a guideline for designs and decision-making regarding foundation method, for example when establishing documents in the tenderstage.The conclusion of this investigation is that the choice of a foundation method depends on many different factors, which may vary widely for different projects. Due to varying conditions that may require a unique technical solution, it is difficult to give general recommendations. The result from this investigation shows that the method, excavation and casting of concrete footings on solid rock, is the most cost efficient method if depth to solid rock is less than 2,3 m. The most cost efficient method according to this master thesis is driven steel piles.

No description available.

<p>A study of the microbial diversity in sediments of the Great Berg River estuary is carried out using modern molecular phylogenetic methods. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of (pollution by) the effluents of the fish industry on the composition of the microbial community in the sediments. The diversity in microbial groups of sediment samples that received wastewater from the local fishing industry was investigated by a PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) approach and compared to an unaffected site.</p>

The aim of this study is to describe how nature is portrayed in swedish poet and critic Aase Berg’s two earliest poetry collections, Hos rådjur (1997) and Mörk materia (1999), and how it relates to notions of humanity, culture and civilisation. The concept of ”nature” is problematized in a short survey of how it has been used by and critizised in ecocritical literary theory, which is used as the main theoretical framework for this survey, with an emphasis on selected theoretical concepts by Donna Haraway. As a methodological starting point, ”nature” is tentatively defined as ”that which does not let itself be subsumed under the human, culture or civilisation”, and this definition is contrasted with how the concepts are handled in the texts.The investigation shows that the relationship of nature to the human is a fundamental theme that provides a structure for both poetry collections. In Hos rådjur, wild nature takes the shape of a ”raw” animal that seems to threaten the human characters. In Mörk materia the threat to humanity comes from matter itself, matter that is dark and unruly. The nature/culture relationship is complex and continuously evolving, with several different and mutually exclusive possibilities being explored in the poems. Berg’s poetry has often been characterised as transcending boundaries, and metamorphoses and dissolution of boundaries between humans, animals and other organisms are abundant in the two poetry collections. Despite this, the study demonstrates how dualistic notions of nature and culture, body and spirit, are upheld throughout the texts.