Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-03T17:33:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Hermes Ribeiro Luz.pdf: 2629217 bytes, checksum: 8e75ef38df8d873d63a0480f410610a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T17:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Hermes Ribeiro Luz.pdf: 2629217 bytes, checksum: 8e75ef38df8d873d63a0480f410610a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This study analyzes the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of ticks on birds captured in ESEC-Pirapitinga (180 20?S e 450 17?WGr), in Tr?s Marias, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of a total of 1.295 birds captured, distributed in nine orders, 28 families and 92 species, 165 (12.7%) individuals were parasitized by ticks. Of these 160 (97%) belonged to the order Passeriformes and only 5 (3%) belonged to the grouping of non-passerines. We identified five tick species: Amblyomma longirostre (n = 274) was the most common species followed by Amblyomma parvum (n = 43), Amblyomma nodosum (n = 39), Amblyomma ovale (n = 24) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 7). The average infestation was 2.7 ticks by bird. Only 16 (10%) birds were infected with more than 5 ticks, while 97 (58.8%), birds were infected with a single tick. Also present in this study, some new records of A. longirostre. A. parvum, A. nodosum, A. ovale and R. sanguineus parasitizing birdscn / No presente estudo analisamos a preval?ncia e intensidade m?dia de infesta??o de carrapatos em aves capturadas na ESEC-Pirapitinga (180 20?S e 450 17?WGr), no munic?pio de Tr?s Marias, Minas Gerais, Brasil. De um total de 1295 aves capturadas, distribu?das em 9 ordens, 28 fam?lias e 92 esp?cies, 165 (12,7%) indiv?duos estavam parasitados por carrapatos. Destes 160 (97%) pertencia a ordem Passeriformes e apenas 5 (3%) pertenciam ao grupamento dos n?o passeriformes. Foram identificadas 5 esp?cies de carrapatos: Amblyomma longirostre (n= 273) foi a esp?cie mais comum seguida por Amblyomma parvum (n=43), Amablyomma nodosum (n=39), Amblyomma ovale (n=24) e Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=7). A infesta??o m?dia foi de 2,7 carrapatos por ave. Somente 16 (10%) aves estavam infestadas por mais que 5 carrapatos, enquanto que 97(58,8%), aves estavam infestadas por um ?nico carrapato. Tamb?m apresentamos, neste estudo, alguns registros novos de A. longirostre. A. parvum, A. nodosum, A. ovale e R. sanguineus parasitando diferentes esp?cies de aves

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-05T14:21:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Cleide Domingues Coelho.pdf: 19229976 bytes, checksum: 94c069047adceba0bbb1974c338db08e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T14:21:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Cleide Domingues Coelho.pdf: 19229976 bytes, checksum: 94c069047adceba0bbb1974c338db08e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Parasites can affect the physical condition, survival and reproduction of birds may be an important factor in the life history of the host, exerting strong pressure ecological and evolutionary. Among the most important parasites affecting passerine birds, Isospora species were included, and the oocysts counts were used for estimating infection in wild birds as well as essential for studies of prevalence, diagnosis and control of coccidiosis in birds from seizures of wild animals, and keeping under quarantine at Wild Animal Sorting Center and latter for the release. This study aimed to determine the circadian rhythm or periodicity in the elimination of oocysts of Isospora species in Passeriformes, and identify the species of parasite found and verify the effectiveness and prophylaxis of anticoccidial drugs during the quarantine period. In a total of 1393 fecal samples were collected from birds of the order Passeriformes belonging to different families and species, from the apprehensions of wild animals and sent to CETAS (Wild Animal Sorting Center)/IBAMA at Municipality of Serop?dica in the State of Rio de Janeiro. After a period of sporulation, the samples were subjected to centrifugal flotation technique with sucrose, quantified and the results expressed in OoPD (oocysts per defecation). The results showed that, regardless of the continent where the birds live, photoperiod is an important factor in maintaining the schedule for the elimination of oocysts of the genus Isospora. Birds of several families had an OoPD means, in relationship of shedding oocysts in the feces, the highest eliminations is in the afternoon. For control of coccidiosis in these birds, throughout the use of anticoccidial drugs were observed that the effectiveness may vary with the species of the parasite and the birds, because they have different feeding habits and behavior, which may influence the response to treatment / Os parasitos podem afetar a condi??o f?sica, sobreviv?ncia e reprodu??o das aves, podendo ser um importante fator na hist?ria de vida do hospedeiro, exercendo forte press?o ecol?gica e evolucion?ria. Dentre os parasitos mais importantes que afetam os Passeriformes podemos citar os cocc?dios do g?nero Isospora, e a estimativa da infec??o em p?ssaros silvestres ? essencial para os estudos de preval?ncia, diagn?stico e controle deste cocc?dio nas aves oriundas de apreens?es do tr?fico de animais silvestres, encaminhadas e mantidas sob regime de quarentena nos centros de triagem de animais silvestres e destinadas ? soltura. Este trabalho teve por objetivo, determinar o ritmo circadiano ou periodicidade na elimina??o de oocistos de Isospora spp. em Passeriformes, assim como identificar as esp?cies do parasito encontradas e verificar a efic?cia dos anticocc?dios na profilaxia durante o per?odo de quarentena. Foram coletadas 1393 amostras fecais de aves da ordem Passeriformes pertencentes ? diversas fam?lias e esp?cies, oriundas da apreens?es do tr?fico de animais silvestres e encaminhadas ao CETAS/IBAMA, Serop?dica, RJ. Ap?s um per?odo de esporula??o, as amostras foram submetidas a t?cnica de centr?fugo-flutua??o com sacarose, quantificadas e os resultados expressos em OoPD (oocistos por defeca??o). Os resultados demonstraram que independentemente do continente onde as aves habitam, o fotoper?odo ? um fator importante na manuten??o da periodicidade da elimina??o dos oocistos de Isospora spp. e os Passeriformes de diversas fam?lias apresentaram um valor m?dio de OoPD mais elevado no per?odo da tarde. Foi verificado o controle da coccidiose nestes p?ssaros atrav?s do uso de anticocc?dios e observou-se que a efic?cia pode variar de acordo com a esp?cie do parasito e dos p?ssaros, os quais apresentam h?bitos comportamentais e alimentares diversificados que podem influenciar na resposta ao tratamento.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-18T13:49:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Andr? Barbosa Vargas.pdf: 2899416 bytes, checksum: 591d199971aaae8acb1b26b67d4b22a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T13:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Andr? Barbosa Vargas.pdf: 2899416 bytes, checksum: 591d199971aaae8acb1b26b67d4b22a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-25 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ, FAPERJ, Brasil. / The region of Vale do Para?ba is part of the Atlantic Forest and presents a history of environmental degradation, like many other regions in Brazil, caused at first by wood extraction and coffee plantations, and later by other crops and cattle farming. Now, despite the remarkable headways in this biome?s biodiversity research, some groups still show little knowledge of the geographic scope and neglect the research when conducting management and conservation studies. This study?s greater objective was to assess the composition and abundance of ant species in different forest fragments in Vassouras, RJ, over the influence of environmental and structural attributes. the research was developed between march and april 2008. The ant fauna was analyzed through 620 litter samples of 1m2 each, submitted to the Winkler extractor for 48 hours. They were equally distributed in 31 forest fragments belonging to three different landscapes (A, B and C), creating a gradient of forest covering and altitude with different uses of the soil. 170 ant species were found, belonging to 10 subfamilies and 49 genera, with an average of 10 (? 3.3 of standard deviation) species by square meter. The average of species for fragment was 50 ? 9.2. The highest richness was found on landscape A with 133 species (187 estimated), followed by B with 122 spp. (160 estimated) and C with 100 (111 estimated). The largest composition and richness differences were found between landscapes A and C. Despite being fragmented, all three landscapes obtained a good representation of the ant fauna, showing distinct values for the biodiversity?s conservation. The results showed that more heterogeneous landscapes have greater richness and a more heterogeneous composition of species, although no significant relation to the size of the fragments was found and the ant fauna between landscapes. The results can still suggest that the differences found could be related to the succession state and the floristic composition of the forest fragments. / A regi?o do Vale do Para?ba, inserida no dom?nio da Mata Atl?ntica, apresenta como outras regi?es do Brasil um hist?rico comum de degrada??o ambiental, ocasionado em princ?pio pela explora??o madeireira, o ciclo do caf? e posteriormente por outras culturas agr?colas e a pecu?ria. Atualmente, apesar do not?vel avan?o das pesquisas sobre a biodiversidade neste Bioma, determinados grupos ainda apresentam conhecimento restrito em abrang?ncia geogr?fica ou mesmo s?o negligenciados em estudos de conserva??o e manejo. Neste sentido, o objetivo maior deste estudo foi avaliar a riqueza e composi??o em esp?cies de formigas sobre a influ?ncia de atributos ambientais e estruturais em fragmentos florestais de diferentes paisagens no munic?pio de Vassouras, RJ. O estudo foi realizado no per?odo de mar?o a abril de 2008. A fauna de formigas foi estudada atrav?s de 620 amostras de 1m2 de serapilheira, submetidas ao extrator de Winkler por 48 horas, distribu?das igualmente em 31 fragmentos florestais, inseridos em tr?s paisagens (A, B e C), compondo um gradiente de cobertura florestal e altitude com distintos usos do solo. Foram obtidas 170 esp?cies de formigas distribu?das em 10 subfam?lias e 49 g?neros, com m?dia de 10 (? 3,3 de desvio padr?o) esp?cies por metro quadrado. A m?dia de esp?cies por fragmentos foi de 50 ? 9,2. A maior riqueza foi registrada na paisagem A com 133 esp?cies, sendo 187 estimadas, seguida da paisagem B com 122 spp., sendo 160 estimadas e C com 100 sendo 111 estimadas. As maiores diferen?as tanto para a riqueza quanto para a composi??o foram apontadas entre as paisagens A e C. Apesar de fragmentadas as paisagens estudadas tiveram boa representatividade da fauna de formigas, demonstrando valores distintos para a conserva??o da biodiversidade. Os resultados mostraram que paisagens mais heterog?neas possuem maior riqueza e sua composi??o em esp?cies ? mais heterog?nea. Embora n?o tenha sido encontrada rela??o significativa com o tamanho dos fragmentos a fauna de formigas variou entre as paisagens. Os resultados permitem ainda sugerir que tais diferen?as podem estar ainda relacionadas ao estado de sucess?o e a composi??o flor?stica dos fragmentos florestais.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-29T13:53:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Lidiane Maria da Silva.pdf: 11158526 bytes, checksum: 92a272f4f09e476cee2262d286c61963 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T13:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Lidiane Maria da Silva.pdf: 11158526 bytes, checksum: 92a272f4f09e476cee2262d286c61963 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The thaminophilid passerines, just as other families of Passeriformes, can be parasitized by different species of coccidia, especially the genera Isospora Schneider, 1881 and Eimeria Schneider, 1875. In this context, this study aimed to identify, characterize and quantify coccidian species from Thamnophilidae in the Itatiaia National Park. Seven expeditions were performed at Itatiaia National Park, of which five were in conserved areas and two in areas around the park. A total of 184 species of birds were captured with mist nets, being 26 thaminophilid passerines. After fecal sampling and processing were observed coccidia of the genera Isospora and Eimeria. The species Isospora parnaitatiaiensis Silva, Rodrigues, Lopes, Berto, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2015 was identified in two different hosts, Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) and Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck, 1823), and their oocysts were characterized as polymorphic, since the oocysts from P. leucoptera were more ellipsoidal and the oocysts from D. mentalis were more sub-spherical, which may be the result of speciation process/adaptation to these hosts. The intensities of infection in different hosts were relatively low, since that P. leucoptera and D. mentalis shed together an OoPD of 316 oocysts of I. parnaitatiaiensis, which can be explained by the conserved environment in the Itatiaia National Park and the insectivore feeding habit. Finally, the specificity occurred at the family level, because P. leucoptera and D. mentalis, both of Thamnophilidae family, have been reported as hosts of I. parnaitatiaiensis / Os taminofil?deos, da mesma forma que outras fam?lias de Passeriformes, podem ser parasitados por diversas esp?cies de cocc?dios, principalmente dos g?neros Isospora Schneider, 1881 e Eimeria Schneider, 1875. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar, caracterizar e quantificar esp?cies de cocc?dios parasitos de Thamnophilidae do PNI. Foram realizadas sete expedi??es no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, das quais cinco foram em ?reas mais preservadas e duas em ?reas no entorno do parque, as aves foram capturadas com o auxilio de redes de neblina, ao todos foram capturados 184 esp?cimes de aves sendo 26 taminofil?deos, ap?s o processamento das amostras observou ser cocc?dios do g?nero Isospora e Eimeria. A esp?cie Isospora parnaitatiaiensis Silva, Rodrigues, Lopes, Berto, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2015 foi identificada em dois diferentes hospedeiros da fam?lia Thamnophilidae, Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) e Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck, 1823), sendo que seus oocistos foram caracterizados como polim?rficos, j? que os oocistos de P. leucoptera s?o mais elips?ides em rela??o aos oocistos de D. mentalis que tendem ao ser mais sub-esf?ricos, o que pode ser consequ?ncia do processo de especia??o/adapta??o ao hospedeiro. A intensidade de infec??o nos diferentes hospedeiros taminofil?deos positivos foram relativamente baixas, P. leucoptera e D. mentalis tiveram juntos um OoPD de 316 para os oocistos de I. parnaitatiaiensis, o que pode ser justificado pelo ambiente conservado do PNI e pelo h?bito alimentar inset?voro. Finalmente, a especificidade ocorreu em n?vel de fam?lia, pelo fato de P. leucoptera e D. mentalis, ambos da fam?lia Thamnophilidae, ter sido relatados como hospedeiros de I. parnaitatiaiensis

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 450693.pdf: 903446 bytes, checksum: 6805922c966dfb108b00594643df2744 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / The elderly population, characterized as people over 60 years old, has grown rapidly in recent years in Brazil, and with this increase in life expectancy, age-related changes appear, for example, immunosenescence. Some studies have shown that there are differences in the immunological profile of the elderly, often related to the numbers of T cells. The immune risk profile (IRP) has been defined as CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio <1 and positivity for serum anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies. In this study, we investigated patterns of activation and differentiation of T lymphocytes by flow cytometry in an elderly population in IRP, compared with elderly people without risk profile (non-IRP), seeking to identify additional markers for this risk profile immune. For this study we recruited 60 elderly SUS patients in Porto Alegre, aged 60 years, 30 IRP and 30 non-IRP. Lymphocytes were isolated and stimulated in vitro to evaluate the production of cytokines and the expression of transcription factors. The subpopulations of T lymphocytes found were consistent with previous studies in which IRP patients had fewer naive and central memory T cells, as well as an increase was observed in the percentage of T cells CD8 + CD28-T cells and CD8 + PD-1 + in the IRP individuals. Furthermore, there was a reduction in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of transcription factors to canonical subtypes of T cell help (CD4 +) in IRP patients when compared to patients without IRP. The percentages of the different subtypes (TH1, TH2, TH17; Treg) of these cells were not different between the two groups. After stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies in culture for 24 hours, the concentration of cytokines in culture supernatants increased, but no significant differences between the two groups were found, except for IL-10, which was higher in IRP patients before stimulation. These results suggested that transcriptional mechanisms important in the differentiation of helper T cells are altered in IRP patients, which may affect the immune response of these individuals. / A popula??o de idosos, caracterizada como pessoas com mais de 60 anos, vem aumentando muito nos ?ltimos anos no Brasil, e com esse aumento da expectativa de vida surgem altera??es relacionadas com a idade, por exemplo, a imunossenesc?ncia. Alguns estudos t?m demonstrado que existem diferen?as no perfil imunol?gico dos idosos, frequentemente relacionadas ao n?mero de c?lulas T. O perfil de risco imune (IRP) tem sido definido como taxa de c?lulas T CD4/CD8<1 e soro positividade para citomegalov?rus (CMV). Neste estudo, n?s investigamos padr?es de ativa??o e diferencia??o de linf?citos T, por citometria de fluxo, em uma popula??o idosa IRP, comparando com a popula??o idosa sem perfil de risco (n?o-IRP), buscando identificar marcadores adicionais para esse perfil de risco imune. Foram recrutados para esse estudo 60 idosos da rede SUS (sistema ?nico de sa?de) de Porto Alegre, com idade superior a 60 anos, sendo 30 IRP e 30 n?o-IRP. Linf?citos foram isolados e estimulados in vitro para avaliar a produ??o de citocinas e a express?o de fatores de transcri??o. As subpopula??es de linf?citos T encontradas foram condizentes com estudos anteriores em que os pacientes IRP possu?am menos c?lulas T naive e de mem?ria central, assim como foi observado um aumento nas porcentagens das c?lulas T CD8+CD28- e das c?lulas T CD8+PD-1+. Al?m disso, foi observada uma redu??o na m?dia de intensidade de fluoresc?ncia (MFI) dos fatores de transcri??o can?nicos para subtipos de c?lulas T de ajuda (CD4+) em pacientes IRP quando comparados com pacientes n?o-IRP. As porcentagens dos diferentes subtipos (TH1; TH2; TH17; Treg) dessas c?lulas n?o foram diferentes entre os dois grupos. Ap?s estimula??o com anticorpos anti-CD3/anti-CD28 em cultura por 24h, a concentra??o de citocinas no sobrenadante das culturas aumentou, mas n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os dois grupos em rela??o ? concentra??o das citocinas em geral, exceto na IL-10 antes da estimula??o, que foi maior em pacientes IRP. Esses resultados sugerem que mecanismos transcricionais importantes para a diferencia??o de c?lulas T de ajuda est?o alterados em pacientes IRP, o que pode afetar a resposta imune desses indiv?duos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:51:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 460008.pdf: 656276 bytes, checksum: f353cd5be78400bf9c6ccd1015321021 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-25 / Healthy aging is characterized by the ability of the immune system in preserve some of their functions intact, avoiding the appearance of some age-related diseases and thus contributing to reaching longevity. Furthermore, healthy aging is associated to a better stress coping. Studies have demonstrated immunological changes occurred in old individuals, as well as the consequences of stress on aging. However, few studies have addressed such changes in very old subjects. Here, we analyzed emotional factors and the changes in the lymphocytes subpopulations involved on aging, and the role of these changes to reach longevity healthily. A group of twenty healthy very old subjects together with a group of healthy old individuals and a groups of healthy young adults were recruited in this study. Stress levels were assessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), while depression levels were investigated by Beck Depression Inventories II (BDI-II). Lymphocytes were isolated and assessed by flow cytometry. We observed some age-related changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. In particular, it was evidenced a similar CD4/CD8 ratio between very old subjects and young adults, with this rate being increased in old subjects. A significant increase in the percentage of Natural Killer cells (CD56+CD16+) was observed in the very old subjects, showing that the activity of these cells is well preserved in this group of subjects. Also, we noticed that very old subjects are less stressed, when compared to the other groups. Our data suggests that the combination between increasing and decreasing specific immune functions may generate a balance in the immune system, contributing to reach longevity healthily. / O envelhecimento bem sucedido ? caracterizado pela habilidade do sistema imune em manter algumas de suas fun??es intactas, evitando, assim, o aparecimento de doen?as relacionadas ? idade, e, portanto, contribuindo para o alcance da longevidade. Al?m disso, o envelhecimento bem sucedido tamb?m est? relacionado a uma melhor maneira de lidar com o estresse. Diversos estudos v?m demonstrando as altera??es imunol?gicas ocorridas em indiv?duos idosos, assim como as consequ?ncias do estresse para o envelhecimento. No entanto, poucos s?o os estudos que visam observar essas altera??es em indiv?duos longevos. Neste estudo, analisamos fatores ps?quicos e altera??es nos subtipos linfocit?rios envolvidos no envelhecimento e o papel destas altera??es para o alcance da longevidade de maneira saud?vel. Vinte longevos (86-99 anos), 15 idosos (60-80 anos) e 13 jovens adultos saud?veis (20-50 anos) foram recrutados neste estudo. Os n?veis de estresse foram avaliados pela Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS), enquanto que os n?veis de depress?o foram investigados atrav?s do Invent?rio de Depress?o Beck II (BDI-II). As c?lulas mononucleares de sangue perif?rico foram isoladas e os subtipos linfocit?rios avaliados por citometria de fluxo. Dentre as popula??es avaliadas est?o as c?lulas T CD4+, T CD8+, B CD19+ e c?lulas NK CD56+. Observamos diversas altera??es idade dependente nos subtipos linfocit?rios. Em particular, foi evidenciada uma raz?o CD4/CD8 similar entre longevos e jovens, com um aumento desta raz?o ocorrendo em indiv?duos idosos. Um aumento significativo na percentagem das c?lulas Natural Killers (CD56+CD16+) foi observado nos longevos, sugerindo que a atividade destas c?lulas est? bem preservada nestes indiv?duos. Al?m disso, foi visto que os longevos s?o menos estressados, quando comparados aos outros grupos. Concluindo, nossos resultados sugerem que a combina??o entre o aumento e o decr?scimo de fun??es imunes espec?ficas pode gerar um balan?o no sistema imune, contribuindo para que se alcance a longevidade de forma saud?vel.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-13T12:31:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniel Paiva Barros de Abreu.pdf: 1307092 bytes, checksum: b384d4db2cb316d3f640b111bc8efba4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T12:31:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniel Paiva Barros de Abreu.pdf: 1307092 bytes, checksum: b384d4db2cb316d3f640b111bc8efba4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Dimorphic fungi belonging to Sporothrix schenckii complex are responsible for sporotrichosis, important fungal infection with worldwide distribution. The anthropozoonotic characteristic is of high relevance in the state of Rio de Janeiro, where an increasing in the number of cases in human patients was observed in the last decades, highlighting the role of domestic cat as a transmitter agent. The description of new species compounding de Sporothrix genus, based on phenotypic and genotypic evaluations, showed the involvement of other members of this group in the epidemic status installed in Rio de Janeiro. The verification of strains resistant to itraconazole, a widely used antifungal in human and animal medicine for the treatment of this mycosis, is an important factor that possibly results in relapse and therapeutic failure of this disease. The present study aimed to identify, by phenotypic and molecular approaches, 168 isolates obtained from the routine of Veterinary Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ? UFRRJ, and the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for amphotericin B (AMB), ketoconazole (KTC), itraconazole (ITC), terbinafine (TRB) and voriconazole (VRC). Based on morphophysiological characteristics it was possible to identify 159 (94.64%) isolates as S. brasiliensis and 9 (5.36%) as S. luriei. However, applying PCR-RFLP of calmodulin 168 (100%) samples were identified as S. brasilensis. The susceptibility test, based on M38-A2 document (CLSI), showed that TRB was the most effective antifungal tested, followed by ITC, KTC, AMB, and VRC, respectively. No ITC resistant isolates were detected in the present study. These results demonstrate that the identification reached only by phenotypic evaluation is not recommended for the characterization of Sporothrix schenckii complex components. It also proves the predominance of S. brasiliensis in other regions of RJ state. The better efficacy of TRB added to the absence of isolates resistant to ITC support the necessity of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics studies for the optimization of the therapeutic protocols. More information about isolates from dogs and cats correlated with the species from the S. schenckii complex, as well as in vitro antifungal efficacy evaluation provide knowledge about therapeutic alternatives. In this way, the present study also provides relevant information about the endemic status in Rio de Janeiro and important data for the treatment of human and animal sporotrichosis. / Fungos dim?rficos pertencentes ao complexo Sporothrix schenckii s?o respons?veis pela esporotricose, importante infec??o f?ngica que apresenta distribui??o mundial. Sua conhecida caracter?stica antropozoon?tica apresenta grande relev?ncia no estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde se verifica aumento significativo no n?mero de pacientes humanos e animais acometidos pela doen?a nas ?ltimas d?cadas, destacando-se em tais casos o papel do felino como agente transmissor. A descri??o de novas esp?cies pertencentes ao g?nero Sporothrix, baseada em caracter?sticas fenot?picas e genot?picas, demonstrou o envolvimento de outros componentes deste g?nero na epidemia instalada no estado. A verifica??o de isolados resistentes a itraconazol, antif?ngico amplamente utilizado na medicina humana e veterin?ria para o tratamento da doen?a, ? fato preocupante e tem poss?vel associa??o a recidivas e falhas terap?uticas. O presente estudo objetiva a identifica??o fenot?pica e genot?pica de 168 exemplares oriundos de pacientes felinos e caninos, obtidos na rotina do Diagn?stico Microbiol?gico Veterin?rio - UFRRJ, com determina??o da Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM) frente ? anfotericina B (AMB), cetoconazol (KTC), itraconazol (ITC), terbinafina (TRB) e voriconazol (VRC). A partir de caracter?sticas morfofisiol?gicas foi poss?vel identificar 159 (94,64%) isolados como S. brasiliensis e 9 (5,36%) como S. luriei. Contudo, metodologias moleculares identificaram 168 (100%) S. brasiliensis, a partir de PCR-RFLP em gene respons?vel pela s?ntese de calmodulina. O teste de sensibilidade, realizado a partir do documento M38-A2 (CLSI) determinou maior efic?cia in vitro para TRB, seguido por ITC, KTC, AMB e VRC, respectivamente. Cepas resistentes a ITC n?o foram detectadas no presente estudo. Tais resultados demonstram que a identifica??o alcan?ada exclusivamente por m?todos fenot?picos n?o ? recomendada para caracteriza??o de componentes do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. Comprova-se ainda a predomin?ncia de S. brasiliensis em outras regi?es do estado do RJ. A maior efic?cia de TRB, somada a aus?ncia de exemplares resistentes a ITC, refor?a a necessidade de estudos farmacodin?micos e farmacocin?ticos para otimiza??o dos protocolos terap?uticos atualmente utilizados. Obten??o de maiores informa??es acerca dos isolados provenientes de amostras provenientes de c?es e gatos correlacionados a esp?cies dentro do complexo S. schenckii, bem como a avalia??o da efic?cia in vitro de antif?ngicos proporcionam conhecimento sobre alternativas terap?uticas. Tais informa??es auxiliam no entendimento do quadro instalado no estado do Rio de Janeiro e fornece dados de grande utilidade para o tratamento humano e veterin?rio

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-13T13:08:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 12901294 bytes, checksum: 80c7709c3b1f78480862304148029e9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T13:08:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 12901294 bytes, checksum: 80c7709c3b1f78480862304148029e9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Four outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting dairy cattle which consumed malted barley waste contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the municipalities of Valen?a, Paty do Alferes, and Barra Mansa, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, are described. In all farms, stored malted barley waste exhibited visible fungal contamination and only the animals that ingested the by-product got sick. Animals exhibited muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, ataxia, progressive paresis and paralysis, and marked weight loss. Affected animals were walking with knuckling of hindlimb fetlocks, and some would assume a sitting-dog position. When forced to move around, falls were frequent. There was marked decrease in milk production, even though appetite and thirst remained normal up to the moment of death or euthanasia. Clinical evolution varied from 1 to 16 days. From the animals that recovered, four remained with mild locomotor system sequelae. Morbidity varied between 41.42% and 73.08%, mortality between 33.33% and 69.23%, and lethality between 51.11% and 94.73%. Macroscopic alterations included focal pale areas on the myocardium, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor, pectineus, and Longissimus dorsi muscles. Histopathology was characterized by degenerative-necrotic alterations, tumefaction, vacuolation, and chromatolysis of neurons of cerebellar peduncle nuclei, base of the brain, medulla oblongata, and grey matter of the medulla (the H shape). At histology, muscular lesions were characterized by degeneration and coagulative necrosis, at times with incipient mineralization. In one of the bovines, there was also coagulative necrosis of the myocardium , and presumably, myoglobinuric nephrosis. Fungal culture of samples of malted brewer waste resulted in isolation and identification of A. clavatus. The clinical pathological picture was reproduced experimentally in sheep which consumed 40g/kg of malted brewer waste per day, which was collected from the two investigated farms; these animals developed clinical signs and microscopic lesions similar to those observed in bovines. We conclude that even though brewery by-products have a reasonable cost/benefit ratio for bovine feeding, there is a need to observe steps to avoid eventual poisoning and consequent economical losses / Descrevem-se quatro surtos de uma doen?a neurol?gica que afetou bovinos de aptid?o leiteira que consumiam ?cevada? (baga?o de malte) contaminada por Aspergillus clavatus nos munic?pios de Valen?a, Paty do Alferes e Barra Mansa, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Em todas as propriedades, a cevada estocada apresentou vis?vel contamina??o f?ngica e somente os animais que ingeriram o subproduto adoeceram. A morbidade variou entre 41,42% e 73,08%, a mortalidade entre 33,33% e 69,23% e a letalidade entre 51,11% e 94,73%. Os animais evidenciaram tremores musculares, hiperestesia, ataxia, paresia e paralisia progressivas e marcada perda de peso. Os mais afetados caminhavam com apoio sobre os boletos flexionados e alguns assumiam a posi??o de "c?o sentado". Quando os animais eram for?ados a movimentarem-se, as quedas eram frequentes. Houve acentuada queda na produ??o leiteira, embora o apetite e a dipsia tenham se mantido normais at? pr?ximo ? morte ou ? eutan?sia. A evolu??o cl?nica variou de 1 a 16 dias. Dos animais que se recuperaram, quatro permaneceram com sequelas locomotoras leves. As altera??es macrosc?picas inclu?ram ?reas p?lidas focais na musculatura card?aca, m?sculos semitend?neo, semimembran?ceo, adutor, pect?neo e Longissimus dorsi. O quadro histopatol?gico caracterizou-se por altera??es degenerativo-necr?ticas, tumefa??o, vacuoliza??o e cromat?lise nos neur?nios dos n?cleos dos ped?nculos cerebelares, da base do c?rebro, da medula oblonga e do ?H? medular. Histologicamente, as les?es musculares caracterizaram-se por degenera??o e necrose coagulativa, com mineraliza??o, por vezes, incipiente. Em um bovino havia, adicionalmente, necrose coagulativa no mioc?rdio e nefrose mioglobin?rica. O cultivo micol?gico das amostras de cevada resultou no isolamento e identifica??o do fungo A. clavatus. O quadro cl?nico patol?gico foi reproduzido experimentalmente em ovinos que consumiram 40g/kg de cevada por dia, coletada de duas das propriedades investigadas; esses animais desenvolveram sinais cl?nicos e les?es microsc?picas, em grande parte, similares ?s observadas nos bovinos. Conclui-se que embora os res?duos da ind?stria cervejeira tenham razo?vel rela??o custo-benef?cio na alimenta??o de bovinos, ? necess?rio que se observem alguns cuidados para evitar eventuais intoxica??es e consequentes preju?zos econ?micos.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-31T16:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Tiago Abrah?o Pereira Nunes.pdf: 1105331 bytes, checksum: 0181da3c6f09beb15f83949f7e054ee8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T16:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Tiago Abrah?o Pereira Nunes.pdf: 1105331 bytes, checksum: 0181da3c6f09beb15f83949f7e054ee8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of epidermal dehydration on the parasiticide effective of fipronil 10% ?spot on? in dogs artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis. For this, 24 Beagles were used, divided into four groups of six dogs each. The dogs on the control groups were not treated, while the dogs on the treated group I e II and III were treated with the formulation of 10% fipronil ??spot on??. The dogs on treated group I were submitted to weekly baths with neutral glycerin soap. The dogs on treated group II were submitted to 21 consecutive and daily baths with benzoyl peroxide 2,5% shampoo. Dogs treated group III were submitted to the same baths made in treated group II, however, undergo biweekly applications of lipid formulation (containing ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids), until the end of the study. The dogs in the control group, treated group I, treated group II and treated group III were infested with 50 pairs of C. felis felis. Infestations were performed on days -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47, +54 and, on days +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 and +56, fleas were mechanical removed and counted for evaluation. Pulicide efficacy for treated group I on days +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 and +56, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 76.25% and 72,47%. The pulicide efficacy for the treated group II, evaluated on the same days, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 97.35%; 92.86%; 82.85% and 71.21%. The pulicide efficacy for the treated group III, evaluated on the same days, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 99.49%; 28.23% and 27.53%. The comparative statistical analysis between the averages of live fleas, between the control and treated groups I and between the control group and treated II showed that there was a significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges in all experimental days, after treatment. In the comparison between the control group and treated III, showed a significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges until day 42. No more having significant difference (p?0,05) in the experimental day +49 and +56. Statistical analysis between the treated groups I and II and treated II and III showed that there was no significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges in all experimental days. The analysis of the treaty I and III, determined that there was no significant difference (p?0,05) until day 49, a significant difference (p?0,05) on day +56. Fipronil was effective in eliminating fleas on dogs until the day + 56 with no more residual protective effect when the animals were reinfested. The induced of epidermal dehydration, does not determined changes on the efficacy or decreased the residual effect of fipronil when used in dogs subjected to exposure of populations of C. felis felis,, through weekly infestations. This fact was confirmed since the lipid formulation of applications, were not able, in turn, to determine more effective and prolonged residual effect of fipronil when used in dogs undergoing exposure populations of C. felis felis on weekly infestation. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influ?ncia da desidrata??o epid?rmica sobre a efic?cia pulguicida do fipronil empregado por via t?pica em c?es. Foram utilizados 24 c?es da ra?a Beagle, compondo seis animais por grupo. Os c?es foram divididos em quatro grupos. Os c?es do grupo controle n?o receberam tratamento, enquanto que os c?es dos grupos tratados I, II e III receberam tratamento com formula??o de fipronil 10% ??spot on??. Os c?es do grupo tratado I foram submetidos a banhos semanais com sabonete de glicerina neutro. Os c?es do grupo tratado II foram submetidos a 21 dias de banhos consecutivos e di?rios com shampoo contendo per?xido de benzo?la 2,5%. Os c?es do grupo tratado III foram submetidos ao mesmo regime de banhos do grupo tratado II, por?m, nesses c?es, somou-se aos banhos, aplica??es quinzenais de formula??o lip?dica (contendo ceramidas, colesterol e ?cidos graxos), at? o t?rmino do estudo. Os c?es dos grupos controle, tratado I, tratado II e tratado III foram infestados com 50 casais de C. felis felis. As infesta??es foram realizadas nos dias, -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47 e +54 e, nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 e +56, realizou-se a retirada mec?nica e contagem de pulgas para avalia??o. As efic?cias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado I, nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 e +56, foram, respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%, 100%; 76,25% e 72,47%. As efic?cias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado II, avaliadas nos mesmos dias, foram respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 97,35%; 92,86%; 82,85% e 71,21%. As efic?cias pulguicidas para o grupo tratado III, avaliadas nos mesmos dias, foram respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 99,49% e 28,23% e 27,53%. A an?lise estat?stica comparativa entre as m?dias de pulgas vivas, entre os grupos controle e tratado I e entre o grupo controle e tratado II, demonstrou que ocorreu diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais, ap?s o tratamento. J? na compara??o entre o grupo controle e tratado III, evidenciou-se diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios at? o dia +42. N?o mais havendo diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) no dia experimental +49 e +56. A an?lise estat?stica entre os grupos tratados I e II e tratado II e III demonstrou que n?o ocorreu diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais. J? a an?lise entre o tratado I e III, determinou que n?o houve diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) at? o dia +49, havendo diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) no dia +56. O estudo foi encerrado no dia +56 j? que a efic?cia do fipronil nos grupos tratados I, II e III n?o apresentou mais efeito residual de prote??o quando os animais foram reinfestados. A desidrata??o epid?rmica induzida n?o determinou altera??o na efic?cia ou diminui??o do efeito residual do fipronil quando empregados em c?es submetidos ? exposi??o de popula??es de C. felis felis,, atrav?s de infesta??es semanais. Fato esse corroborado uma vez que, as aplica??es de formula??o lip?dica, n?o foram capazes, por sua vez, de determinar maior efic?cia ou prolongamento do efeito residual do fipronil quando empregados em c?es submetidos ? exposi??o de popula??es de C. felis felis., atrav?s de infesta??es semanais

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-08T15:16:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Poliana de Araujo Oliveira.pdf: 1134800 bytes, checksum: 79b02bbcfb332c5fbb799d7840ccc773 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T15:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Poliana de Araujo Oliveira.pdf: 1134800 bytes, checksum: 79b02bbcfb332c5fbb799d7840ccc773 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Drugs currently used in pain and inflammation are responsible for a large number of adverse effects, due to chronic use, producing in the patients a decrease of symptoms, but not an overall improvement in quality of life, therefore it is of extreme importance to search for new drugs. Piperine is the main active compound of black pepper (Piper nigrum), known in Brazil as black pepper, popularly used by several beneficial effects. Studies in vitro and in vivo show that piperine has functional involvement in antidepressant, hepatoprotective, anti-metastatic antiparasitic, antithyroid, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. To improve the selectivity and potency, molecular changes were made in the piperine, obtaining the piperic acid. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through of models of acute and chronic pain, and inflammation; a potential nociceptive and anti-inflammatory compound. In the model of writhing induced by acetic acid was observed a percentage inhibition of writhes of 77,9% compared to the control, in the highest dose tested (10mg / kg). In the formalin test, the compound inhibited both phases of the test, wich the dose of 10mg/kg The inhibitory effect was 30% in stage 1 and stage 2 at 67%. The increase in the latency time in tail flick test had an earlier action compared to morphine and the piperic acid increased the latency time in 58% in 80min time in relation to baseline. We investigated the possible pathways involved in the mechanism of action of the compound by prior administration of antagonists in the tail flick test. We found that the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, was able to completely inhibit the effect of the compound, demonstrating the involvement of the cholinergic pathway in the mechanism of action. The opioid and nitrergic pathways and the potassium channel ATPdependent are not involved in the mechanism of action, since these antagonists do not inhibit the effect of the compound. The compound was able to inhibit capsaicin-induced nociception, capsaicina is agonist TRPV1, in 45,34% demonstrating the involvement of TRPV1. The von Frey test evaluate allodynia after chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve. In this test, the compound did not show antinociceptive activity with the doses tested. The open field test was used to determine the influence of the compound on the animal's mobility, and we observe that the action of the compound did not interfere on animal's motor performance. The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated in models of inflammation induced by carrageenan. In the paw oedema test, the compound significantly reduced the oedema at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. In the air pouch test, we found that the leukocyte migration was reduced, as well as the production of TNF-? and IL-1?. The piperic acid was shown to be selective for COX-1 in the assessment of enzymatic activity of COX-1 and COX-2. We suggest that the effects of piperine can be mediated primarily through the portion of the molecule related to piperic acid / Os f?rmacos atualmente utilizados em dor e inflama??o s?o respons?veis por um grande n?mero de efeitos adversos, e devido ao uso cr?nico, fazem com que o paciente tenha uma diminui??o dos sintomas, mas n?o uma total melhoria da qualidade de vida, sendo assim ? de extrema import?ncia a busca por novos f?rmacos. A piperina ? o principal composto ativo da pimenta preta (Piper nigrum), mais conhecida no Brasil como pimenta do reino, popularmente utilizada por diversos efeitos ben?ficos. Estudos in vitro e in vivo demonstram que a piperina tem envolvimento funcional como antidepressivo, hepatoprotetor, antiparasit?rio antimetast?tico, antitiroidiano, imunomodulador, anti-inflamat?rio e analg?sico. A fim de produzir melhora em sua seletividade e pot?ncia, altera??es moleculares foram realizadas na piperina, obtendo-se ent?o o ?cido pip?rico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, atrav?s da execu??o de modelos experimentais de dor aguda, cr?nica e inflama??o, o potencial farmacol?gico antinociceptivo e anti-inflamat?rio do composto. No modelo de contor??es abdominais induzidas por ?cido ac?tico foi verificada um percentual de inibi??o das contor??es de 77,9% comparado ao controle, na maior dose testada (10mg/kg). No modelo da formalina o composto inibiu ambas as fases do modelo, com a dose de 10mg/kg o efeito inibit?rio chegou a 30% na 1? fase e 67% na 2? fase. O aumento do tempo de lat?ncia no modelo de retirada de cauda com o composto foi alcan?ado mais precocemente do que a morfina, o ACP aumentou o tempo de lat?ncia em 58% no tempo de 80 min comparado a linha de base na maior dose testada. Investigamos as poss?veis vias envolvidas no mecanismo de a??o do composto atrav?s da administra??o pr?via de antagonistas, no modelo de retirada de cauda. Verificamos que o antagonista de receptores muscar?nicos, atropina, foi capaz de inibir completamente o efeito do composto, demonstrando a participa??o da via colin?rgica no mecanismo de a??o. As vias opioide, nitr?rgica e o canal de pot?ssio dependente de ATP parecem n?o estar envolvidas no mecanismo de a??o, visto que os antagonistas destas vias n?o inibiram o efeito do composto. O composto inibiu a nocicep??o induzida pela capsaicina, que ? agonista de receptores TRPV1 em 45,34%, demonstrando envolvimento de TRPV1. No modelo de Von Frey avaliamos a alodinia ap?s a constri??o cr?nica do nervo ci?tico. Neste modelo, o composto n?o demonstrou atividade antinociceptiva nas doses testadas. O modelo de campo aberto foi usado para verificar a influ?ncia do composto sobre a mobilidade do animal, e observamos que o mesmo n?o interfere no desempenho motor do animal. A atividade anti-inflamat?ria foi avaliada em modelos de inflama??o induzido por carragenina. No modelo de edema de pata, o composto reduziu o edema em 75% na dose de 10mg/kg. No modelo da bolsa de ar subcut?nea verificamos que a migra??o leucocit?ria foi reduzida assim como a produ??o de TNF-? e IL-1?. O ?cido pip?rico demonstrou ser seletivo para COX-1, na avalia??o da atividade enzim?tica de COX-1 e COX-2. Podemos sugerir que os efeitos da piperina podem ser mediados atrav?s da por??o da mol?cula referente ao ?cido pip?rico.