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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Taxonomia e novos registros de monogenea e copepoda parasitos de peixes actinopter?geos (Osteichthyes) no Brasil / Taxonomy and new records of monogenea and copepoda parasites of actinopterygian fishes (Osteichthyes) in Brazil

OLIVEIRA, Fabiano Paschoal de 06 April 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-02-27T18:03:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Fabiano Paschoal de Oliveira.pdf: 3969824 bytes, checksum: 01879ccf451104bee02c819243b351cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T18:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Fabiano Paschoal de Oliveira.pdf: 3969824 bytes, checksum: 01879ccf451104bee02c819243b351cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-06 / CAPES / Between the period from march 2013 to november 2016 were collected and analyzed 195 specimens of hosts belonging to 25 species of actinopterygian fishes in Brazil, with the objective of perform a taxonomic study of your parasitic monogeneans and copepods. Two species of monogeneans, Sciadiclethrum araguariensis Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 and S. edgari Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 were described from two cichlids from the Araguar? River, State of Amap?, northern Brazil; in addition to the new species, new host and geographical records of six dactylogyrid monogeneans from cichlid fishes are presented from the Araguar? River and the Xing? River, State of Par?, Brazil. Two copepods of the family Philichthyidae Vogt, 1877, Colobomatus kimi Paschoal, Pereira & Luque 2016 and Leposphilus vogti Paschoal, Nagasawa & Luque 2016 parasites in the Upeneus parvus (Poey) and Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest), respectively, in the litoral of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described and illustrated; In addition, an amendment diagnosis of the genus Leposphilus is provided based on the characters found in the present work. The copepod Hatschekia sp. n. is described based specimens collected on the haemulid fishes Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus) and A. surinamensis (Bloch) in the Bay of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, being this the first species of the family Hatschekiidae Kabata, 1979 described from the coast of Brazil. Beyond the descriptions s?o fornecidas novas informa??es sobre 15 esp?cies de cop?podes parasitas de 12 esp?cies de peixes marinhos de diferentes localidades litor?neas no Brasil; Are provided new information about 15 species of parasitic copepods found on 12 marine species of fishes in Brazil; these data including 12 new host records, eight new geographical records (locality) and first record of the genera Cresseyus and Pseudochondracanthus in the western South Atlantic. / Entre o per?odo de mar?o de 2013 a novembro de 2016 foram coletados e analisados 195 esp?cimes de hospedeiros pertencentes a 25 esp?cies de peixes actinopter?geos no Brasil, com objetivo de realizar um estudo taxonomico de seus monogen?ticos e cop?podes parasitas. Duas esp?cies de monogen?ticos, Sciadiclethrum araguariensis Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 e S. edgari Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 foram descritas a partir de dois ciclideos do rio Araguar?, Estado do Amap?, norte do Brasil; al?m das duas esp?cies, foram apresentados novos registros de hospedeiros e geogr?ficos de seis monogen?ticos dactilogir?deos a partir de peixes ciclideos do rio Araquari e do rio Xing?, Estado do Par?, Brasil. Dois cop?podes da fam?lia Philichthyidae Vogt, 1877, Colobomatus kimi Paschoal, Pereira & Luque 2016 e Leposphilus vogti Paschoal, Nagasawa & Luque 2016 parasitas de Upeneus parvus (Poey) e Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest), respectivamente, do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram descritas e ilustradas; ademais uma altera??o do diagn?stico gen?rico de Leposphilus ? fornecido com base nos caracteres encontrados no presente trabalho. O cop?pode Hatschekia sp. n. ? descrita e ilustrada a partir de esp?cimes coletados dos peixes haemulideos Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus) e A. surinamensis (Bloch) provenientes da Ba?a de Angra dos Reis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, sendo esta a primeira esp?cie da fam?lia Hatschekiidae Kabata, 1979 descrita a partir do litoral do Brasil. Al?m das descri??es s?o fornecidas novas informa??es sobre 15 esp?cies de cop?podes parasitas de 12 esp?cies de peixes marinhos de diferentes localidades litor?neas no Brasil; estes dados incluem 12 novos registros de hospedeiros, 08 novos geogr?ficos (de localidade) e primeiros registros dos g?neros Cresseyus e Pseudochondracanthus no oeste do Atl?ntico Sul.
52

Soltura monitorada de exemplares do Periquit?o-maracan?, Aratinga leucophthalma (Statius Muller, 1776) apreendidos pelo IBAMA no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e aspectos da alimenta??o de indiv?duos da fam?lia Psittacidae. / Monitored release of White-eyed Parakeet, Aratinga leucophthalma (Statius Muller, 1776) apprehended by IBAMA in the state of Rio de Janeiro and aspects of feeding of Psittacidae Family.

Joffily, Diogo 17 September 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-20T12:17:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Diogo Joffily.pdf: 993690 bytes, checksum: c5e8df7300d4f2e09eb55e7f60f4f1a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:17:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Diogo Joffily.pdf: 993690 bytes, checksum: c5e8df7300d4f2e09eb55e7f60f4f1a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-17 / The state of Rio de Janeiro is in the national and international route of the traffic of wild animals. The numbers of apprehensions in this state are raised and the CETAS-RJ receives a great number of animals per year. Projects of release and reintroduction of wild animals combined with scientific research must gain space so that destination of these animals to the natural environment can occur in an objective way. The objective of the study was to develop procedures for release, with individuals of Aratinga leucophthalma species, taking in consideration behavior characteristics, the social structure, the alimentary habits and to accomplish the monitoring of the animals during the release and the post-release, looking for results that come to aid in future projects. The work was accomplished at three different places: the CETAS-RJ, ocurred the handling before the release and the study of the feeding in captivity; the campus of the UFRRJ, where field work related with the feeding in free life was don; and in the RPPN S?o Benedito Farm in Rio Claro-RJ, where the release and the post-release monitoring ocurred. The work was accomplished between September 2008 and July 2010. The handling before the release was done by the preparation of a nursery to house 30 animals. The animals were grouped by flight capacity and domestication level. This stage was also composed by the accomplishment of clinical and labs exams, individual demarcation of the animals through rings and sexing exam. Of the selected animals there was prevalence of males. According to the clinical exams was not verified any aspect to make unfeasible the work. The study of the feeding in captivity was made through analysis of the supplied food and the amount of leftovers, verifying the preference through the alimentary behavior. Preference of the birds was revealed by the sunflower seed and the need of the maintenance and elaboration of new balanced diets appropriated to release programs. The field work tried to describe the alimentary items of species from the Psittacidae family. The importance of exotic vegetable species was revealed as food source for birds of the Psittacidae family in the campus. From the ten alimentary items observed only three were from native species. The release was accomplished by the model of soft release, after a period of acclimatization in the release area, which preceded the opening of the nursery. After the opening of the nursery a food support was maintained inside and outside of the nursery and the monitoring was accomplished collecting data in daily accomp. The birds went increasing gradually the distance traveled after the release and they were incorporating themselves to groups from the area. The soft release model used in this work guaranteed the success in the process of rehabilitation of these birds. The food supports maintained after the opening of the nursery were extremely important to guarantee the nutrition of the birds during the first days after the release, and to give them strength for recognition of the area and to look for new food sources. / O Rio de Janeiro est? na rota nacional e internacional do tr?fico de animais silvestres. S?o elevados os n?meros de apreens?es realizadas nesse estado e o CETAS-RJ recebe um grande n?mero de animais por ano. Projetos de soltura e reintrodu??o de animais silvestres, aliados a pesquisas cient?ficas devem ganhar espa?o nesse cen?rio para que o retorno desses animais ? natureza ocorra de forma objetiva e segura. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver procedimentos para soltura, atrav?s de experimentos com indiv?duos da esp?cie Aratinga leucophthalma, levando em considera??o suas caracter?sticas comportamentais, estrutura social, h?bitos alimentares e ainda, realizar o monitoramento dos animais durante a soltura e o per?odo p?s-soltura, buscando resultados que venham auxiliar futuros projetos. O trabalho foi realizado em tr?s locais diferentes sendo eles: o CETAS-RJ, onde ocorreu o manejo antes da soltura e o estudo da alimenta??o em cativeiro; o campus da UFRRJ, onde foi feito o trabalho de campo relacionado com a alimenta??o em vida livre; e a RPPN Fazenda S?o Benedito em Rio Claro-RJ, onde ocorreu a soltura e o monitoramento p?s-soltura. O per?odo de desenvolvimento do projeto foi entre setembro de 2008 e julho de 2010. O manejo pr?soltura foi constitu?do pelo preparo de um viveiro para alojar 30 indiv?duos de A. leucophthalma. Os animais foram selecionados de acordo com sua capacidade de v?o e o n?vel de domestica??o. Esta etapa foi composta ainda pela realiza??o de exames cl?nicos e laboratoriais, pela marca??o individual dos animais atrav?s de anilhas e a sexagem. Dos animais selecionados, houve predom?nio de machos em rela??o a f?meas. No tocante a exames cl?nicos realizados, n?o foi constatado nenhum aspecto que pudesse inviabilizar o trabalho. O estudo da alimenta??o em cativeiro foi feito atrav?s da an?lise do alimento fornecido e a quantidade de sobra, verificando a prefer?ncia atrav?s do comportamento alimentar. Foi revelada prefer?ncia das aves pela semente de girassol e a necessidade da manuten??o e elabora??o de novas dietas balanceadas, voltadas para programas de soltura. O trabalho de campo buscou descrever os itens alimentares de esp?cies da fam?lia Psittacidae. Foi revelada a import?ncia de esp?cies vegetais ex?ticas como fonte de alimento para aves da fam?lia Psittacidae no campus da UFRRJ. Dos dez itens alimentares observados apenas tr?s eram provenientes de esp?cies nativas. A soltura foi realizada pelo modelo de soltura branda, ap?s um per?odo de aclimata??o na ?rea de soltura, que antecederam a abertura do viveiro. Foram mantidos suportes alimentares dentro e fora do viveiro durante a soltura e o monitoramento, que foi realizado atrav?s de acompanhamento di?rio e coleta de dados. As aves foram gradualmente aumentando as dist?ncias percorridas ap?s a soltura e foram se incorporando a bandos da regi?o. O modelo de soltura branda, utilizado neste trabalho, garantiu sucesso no processo de reintrodu??o dessas aves. Os suportes alimentares mantidos ap?s a abertura do viveiro foram de fundamental import?ncia para garantir a nutri??o das aves nos primeiros dias ap?s a soltura, dar-lhes for?as para reconhecimento da ?rea em que foram soltas bem como buscar novas fontes de alimento.
53

Morfologia peniana de tr?s esp?cies de tuco-tucos do Brasil (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae)

BERNARDO, Joice dos Santos Lima 09 April 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-20T14:11:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - JOICE DOS SANTOS LIMA BERNARDO.pdf: 3739679 bytes, checksum: 8843284b9fe9600f0ceb730fdda3f94d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T14:11:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - JOICE DOS SANTOS LIMA BERNARDO.pdf: 3739679 bytes, checksum: 8843284b9fe9600f0ceb730fdda3f94d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-09 / CAPES / The genus Ctenomys Blainville, 1826 has a systematic and complex although there are morphological and molecular studies on the genus, it is still difficult to identify and classify these individuals who have a high diversity of karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 10 to 2n = 70. However, some authors confirm the usefulness of taxonomic structures such as penis and baculum in the systematic study of rodents. The penis, as well as the baculum (penis bone), has been the subject of several studies because of its great morphological diversity. This work is based on the study of external morphology of the glans penes and baculum of Ctenomys minutus, Ctenomys flamarioni and Ctenomys torquatus to identify possible variations and compare the differences. The study was done from the penis of adult set of the species listed above. Photographs were taken, dissections, drawings with a camera lucida and diaphanization the penis. For analysis of the microstructure of the surface of the glans penes was used the technique of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed great differences in morphological structure of the baculum of the three species analyzed and showed structures similar to thorns that covered the entire surface of the glans penes with varying distribution over the glans. Our results indicate that the baculum may be an excellent marker complex taxonomic groups such as the Ctenomys. Morphological studies of the surface of the glans penes and baculum combined with genetic studies, molecular and biogeographical can provide important information to better understand the systematic, evolution and taxonomy of the genus. / O g?nero Ctenomys Blainville, 1826 possui uma sistem?tica complexa e apesar de j? existirem estudos moleculares e morfol?gicos sobre o g?nero, ainda ? dif?cil identificar e classificar estes indiv?duos que possuem uma alta diversifica??o cariot?pica com n?meros dipl?ides variando de 2n= 10 a 2n= 70. Por?m, alguns autores confirmam a utilidade taxon?mica de estruturas como p?nis e baculum no estudo da sistem?tica de roedores.O p?nis, assim como o baculum (osso peniano), tem sido alvo de diversos estudos devido sua grande diversidade morfol?gica. O presente trabalho se baseia no estudo da morfologia externa do glans penes e do baculum de Ctenomys minutus, Ctenomys flamarioni e Ctenomys torquatus com o objetivo de identificar poss?veis varia??es e comparar as diferen?as encontradas. O estudo foi feito a partir dos p?nis fixados de indiv?duos adultos das esp?cies listadas anteriormente. Foram feitas fotografias, dissec??es, desenhos com c?mara clara e diafaniza??o dos p?nis. Para an?lises da microestrutura da superf?cie do glans penes foi utilizado a t?cnica de Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV). Os resultados revelaram grandes diferen?as morfol?gicas na estrutura do baculum das tr?s esp?cies analisadas e revelaram estruturas semelhantes a espinhos que recobriam toda a superf?cie do glans penes com distribui??o variando ao longo da glande. Nossos resultados indicam que o baculum pode ser um excelente marcador taxon?mico em grupos complexos como ? o caso dos Ctenomys. Estudos morfol?gicos da superf?cie do glans penes e do baculum aliados a estudos gen?ticos, moleculares e biogeogr?ficos podem fornecer informa??es importantes para melhor entendermos a sistem?tica, evolu??o e taxonomia do g?nero.
54

Impacto do fluxo de embarca??es sobre o comportamento do Boto Cinza (Sotalia guianensis): Um estudo de caso para a Ba?a de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Impact of vessel flow on the Guiana Dolphin?s behavior (Sotalia guianensis): A case study for the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro

Mello Neto, Thamires de 24 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Throughout the coastal habitats, the Guiana dolphin is affected by anthropogenic actions that threaten its conservation, especially fishing and boat traffic. Sepetiba bay seems to offer a high-quality habitat, because the dolphins are very abundant and found in the area all year round. With the industrial development in Sepetiba Bay, there will be an increase of large vessels flow, which will carry several types of cargo, some of which are harmful to the environment and directly dangerous to the animals. This intense traffic occurs in a place used by dolphins for feeding, foraging and breeding, may generate negative behavioral responses, changing their affinity for the place and move away. From a landbase, during the period of one year (July 2015 to August 2016), sightings were realized with the objective of evaluating whether the different vessels generate impacts on the Guiana dolphins? behavior. The evaluation was based on a behavioral reaction classification in Negative, Neutral, and Positive, in interactions with a 500m maximum distance among the study objects. The study had a total of 288 h of sample effort, whereupon with the most interactions were Jan/16 with 14.90% (n = 11), Jul/15 with 13.51% (n = 10) and Mar/16 and Apr/16 with 12.16% (n = 9). Interactions occurred mostly during the period from 10 h to 11 h AM (32.43%), 9h to 10h AM (24.32%), and 11 to 12 h AM (24.32%), and all occurred outside the dredged chanel. The dolphin groups, in general, were small. The presence of calves accompanying the group was also low, only 12 individuals (6.86%). The vessels that most interacted with the dolphins were: Boats (79.73%) and Trawlers (18.92%), and only one ship (1.35%) was observed interacting with the animals. Foraging (57.30%) and Travelling (42.70%) were the most performed activities. The most expressive behavioral reactions were Neutral (71.43%), followed by Negative (24%), and very low occurrence of Positive reactions (4.28%). In order to verify if there were significant differences between the vessels and behavioral reactions, X2 was used, assuming pvalue <0.05 (df 2). It was observed that the Neutral reactions have a differential effect in relation to the other reactions for the types of vessels. Neutral reactions were predominant and could be interpreted as a process of habituation or learning. Or even energy-saving. This energy could be used in foraging activities, since the possible decrease of essential species in their diet will cause a bigger effort to catch prey than avoid potential impacts. / Ao longo dos habitats costeiros, o boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis, est? sujeito a a??es antropog?nicas que amea?am a sua conserva??o, especialmente a pesca e o tr?fego de embarca??es. A Ba?a de Sepetiba parece oferecer um habitat de qualidade, uma vez que os botos s?o abundantes e encontrados o ano todo. Com o crescente avan?o de empreendimentos na Ba?a de Sepetiba, em h? um aumento no fluxo de embarca??es de grande porte, que consequentemente transporta diversos tipos de cargas, sendo algumas nocivas ao meio ambiente e diretamente perigosas para os botos. Esse tr?fego intenso na Ba?a de Sepetiba, local utilizado pelos botos para alimenta??o, forrageamento e reprodu??o, pode gerar respostas comportamentais negativas por parte dos botos, fazendo com que se afastem ou mudem sua afinidade pelo local. Sendo assim a partir de um ponto fixo, durante o per?odo de um ano (Julho/2015 a Agosto/2016), avistagens foram realizadas com o objetivo de avaliar se as diferentes embarca??es geram impactos sobre o comportamento da popula??o de boto-cinza da Ba?a de Sepetiba. A avalia??o se deu a partir da classifica??o da rea??o comportamental em Negativa, Neutra e Positiva, em intera??es com dist?ncias entre os objetos de estudo de no m?ximo 500m. O estudo teve um total de 288 h de esfor?o amostral, dentre as quais os meses que apresentaram mais intera??es foram Jan/16 com 14,90% (n=11), Jul/15 com 13,51% (n=10), Mar/16 e Abr/16 com 12,16% (n=9). As intera??es ocorreram em sua maioria durante o per?odo de 10 ?s 11 hrs (32,43%), 9 ?s 10 hrs (24,32%) e 11 ?s 12 hrs (24,32%), e todas se deram fora do canal dragado. Os grupos, no geral, foram de pequeno porte. A presen?a de filhotes acompanhando o grupo tamb?m foi baixa, somente 12 (6,86%) indiv?duos. As embarca??es que mais interagiram com os botos, foram: Lanchas (79,73%) e Traineiras (18,92%), somente um Navio (1,35%). O Forrageamento (57,30%) e o Deslocamento (42,70%) foram as atividades mais realizadas, e as rea??es comportamentais de maior frequ?ncia foram a Neutra (71,43%), seguido da Negativa (24%) e Positiva (4,28%). Para verificar se houve diferen?as significativas entre as embarca??es e rea??es comportamentais foi utilizado o X2, assumindo valor de signific?ncia p<0.05, foi constatado que as rea??es neutras t?m um efeito predominante em rela??o ?s outras rea??es para os tipos de embarca??es. As rea??es neutras foram predominantes podendo ser interpretadas como um processo de habitua??o ou aprendizagem. Ou at? mesmo de economia de energia. Essa energia poderia ser utilizada em atividades de forrageamento, j? que a poss?vel escassez de esp?cies essenciais em sua dieta fa?a com que os botos se esfor?em mais para capturar presas do que se afastar dos poss?veis impactos
55

Defeitos de esmalte em dentes dec?duos: preval?ncia e fatores associados. / Enamel defects in the primary teeth: prevalence and associated factors

Faria, Patr?cia Corr?a de January 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T16:14:44Z No. of bitstreams: 5 patricia.pdf: 1377961 bytes, checksum: 55ce7c1439d8b1123461e7f1f40d7a17 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-10T10:38:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 patricia.pdf: 1377961 bytes, checksum: 55ce7c1439d8b1123461e7f1f40d7a17 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T10:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 patricia.pdf: 1377961 bytes, checksum: 55ce7c1439d8b1123461e7f1f40d7a17 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Os estudos sobre o desenvolvimento de defeitos de esmalte e a associa??o com as condi??es natais e p?s-natais ainda s?o escassos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a preval?ncia de defeitos de esmalte em dentes dec?duos e verificar se prematuridade, peso ao nascimento e vari?veis sociodemogr?ficas podem estar associados a tais defeitos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 381 crian?as com idade entre 3 e 5 anos. Os dados foram coletados atrav?s de exame cl?nico e entrevistas com os pais durante Campanha Nacional de Vacina??o. O diagn?stico dos defeitos de esmalte foi realizado utilizando-se o Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (DDE Index). Atrav?s de entrevista foram coletadas informa??es sobre aspectos sociodemogr?ficos, gesta??o, peso ao nascimento, prematuridade da crian?a e amamenta??o. A an?lise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o programa SPSS for Windows 17.0 e incluiu a distribui??o de frequ?ncia, testes qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher e regress?o de Poisson. A preval?ncia de defeito de esmalte foi de 29,9% e a opacidade demarcada foi o tipo de defeito mais frequente. Crian?as com peso muito baixo ao nascimento apresentam mais chance de desenvolver defeitos de esmalte [RP (IC95%) = 2,7 (1,66-4,61)]. A prematuridade e as vari?veis sociodemogr?ficas n?o foram fatores associados aos defeitos de esmalte. Crian?as com peso muito baixo ao nascimento apresentaram maior preval?ncia de defeitos de esmalte nos dentes dec?duos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Odontologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT Studies regarding the development of enamel defects and association with natal and postnatal conditions are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of enamel defects in primary teeth and determine whether prematurity, birth weight and sociodemographic variables may be associated with such defects. This was a cross-sectional study with 381 children aged between 3 and 5 years. Data were collected through clinical examination and interviews with parents during the National Immunization Day. The diagnosis of enamel defects was performed using the Development Defects of Enamel Index (DDE Index). During interviews, information were collected on sociodemographic aspects, pregnancy, birth weight, child prematurity and breastfeeding. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software for Windows 17.0 and involved descriptive analysis, the Fisher?s test, qui-square test and Poisson regression. The prevalence of enamel defects was 29.9% and demarcated opacity was the most frequent type of defect. Children with low birth weight presented greater prevalence of enamel defects [PR (CI 95%) = 2,7 (1.66-4.61)]. Prematurity and the sociodemographic variables were not factors associated with enamel defects. In this study, children with very low birth weight had higher prevalence of enamel defects in deciduous teeth.
56

Efeito pr?-operat?rio da dexametasona e da metilprednisolona no controle da dor, edema e trismo ap?s cirurgia de terceiro molar: um ensaio cl?nico randomizado, triplo-cego, boca dividida. / Preemptive effect of dexamethasone and methilprednisolone on pain, swelling and trismus?after third molar surgery: a split-mouth randomized triple-blind clinical trial

Alc?ntara, Carlos Eduardo Pinto de January 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T16:14:42Z No. of bitstreams: 5 carlos.pdf: 1077384 bytes, checksum: 83eb6b248c6848161b2017a683c19682 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-10T11:09:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 carlos.pdf: 1077384 bytes, checksum: 83eb6b248c6848161b2017a683c19682 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T11:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 carlos.pdf: 1077384 bytes, checksum: 83eb6b248c6848161b2017a683c19682 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma avalia??o comparativa do efeito da dexametasona e da metilprednisolona no controle da dor, edema e limita??o da abertura bucal ap?s a extra??o de terceiros molares impactados. Dezesseis pacientes saud?veis (3 homens e 13 mulheres) com m?dia de 20,3 (DP= 1,25) anos de idade foram submetidos ? extra??o bilateral dos terceiros molares com intervalo de tr?s a quatro semanas entre as duas cirurgias. Uma hora antes de cada procedimento cir?rgico foi administrada em dose ?nica, por via oral, dexametasona 8 mg ou metilprednisolona 40 mg. Durante os intervalos p?s-operat?rios de 24, 48 e 72 horas e sete dias, o edema linear foi determinado utilizando medidas na face e o trismo atrav?s da abertura bucal m?xima. A dor p?s-operat?ria foi auto-registrada pelo paciente utilizando escala anal?gica visual durante as 72 horas iniciais, em intervalos de oito horas. A an?lise estat?stica envolveu an?lise descritiva, teste McNemar, Teste T pareado e Wilcoxon (p<0,05). A dexametasona apresentou melhor controle do edema em todos os per?odos p?s-operat?rios (p <0,02) e da abertura bucal dois dias ap?s a cirurgia (p = 0,029). Com rela??o ? dor n?o foi observada diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre os medicamentos. A administra??o pr?-perat?ria de 8 mg de dexametasona apresentou melhor controle do edema e da limita??o da abertura bucal do que a metilprednisolona na dose de 40 mg, muito embora os medicamentos n?o diferiram no controle da dor. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Odontologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT The?aim of this study?was to make a comparative assessment of the effect of?dexamethasone and methylprednisolone?to control pain, swelling?and limitation?of mouth opening after extraction of?impacted third molars.?Sixteen healthy patients (3 men and 13 women)?with a mean age?of 20.3 (SD = 1,25) years underwent bilateral extraction?of?third molars with na interval of three to four weeks between the two surgeries. One hour?before each?surgical procedure?a single oral dose?of?dexamethasone 8?mg or methylprednisolone?40?mg was administered.?During the postoperative?intervals?of 24,?48?and 72?hours and?seven days, the swelling was determined using?linear?measures?in the?face and trismus?by?maximum mouth opening. The?postoperative pain?was self-recorded?by the patient using?visual analogue scale?in?72 hours with an interval of eight hours. Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis, McNemar test, Wilcoxon?and paired T test (p?<0.05). Dexamethasone showed better control of swelling in all?postoperative periods (p?<0.02) and of mouth opening two days after surgery (p = 0.029). Regarding pain there was no statistically significant difference between the drugs. Preemptive dexamethasone?8 mg showed better control of swelling?and limitation?of mouth opening than methylprednisolone 40 mg, but there was no difference?in pain control.
57

Avalia??o da torta de dend? (Elaeis guineensis) para produ??o de bioetanol de segunda gera??o / Evaluation of palm cake (Elaeis guineensis) for production of second generation ethanol

Ferreira, Crisley Mara de Azevedo 22 February 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:03:28Z No. of bitstreams: 5 crisley.pdf: 2081607 bytes, checksum: 90ca0fb9cd507118e713cc82f093637a (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T09:27:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 crisley.pdf: 2081607 bytes, checksum: 90ca0fb9cd507118e713cc82f093637a (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T09:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 crisley.pdf: 2081607 bytes, checksum: 90ca0fb9cd507118e713cc82f093637a (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / A busca por energias alternativas, sustent?veis e economicamente vi?veis, colocou em destaque o uso dos biocombust?veis. Os estudos recentes apontam o uso de biomassas residuais como candidatas potenciais para produ??o de bioenergia. Nesse contexto, a presente disserta??o teve por objetivo ava-liar a torta de dend? como insumo para produ??o de etanol de segunda gera??o por meio de estudos que envolveram etapas de pr?-tratamento ?cido e alcalino, sacarifica??o e fermenta??o. Inicialmente foi determinada a composi??o centesimal da torta de dend?, indicando a presen?a de 53,2% de car-boidratos totais, dos quais 32% referente a fra??o de celulose. Para otimiza??o do pr?-tratamento ?cido foi aplicado um Planejamento Fatorial atrav?s de delineamento composto central rotacional. O programa STATISTICA Vers?o 8.0 (Statsoft Inc., Tulsa,) foi utilizado para an?lise dos dados. O pr?-tratamento com ?cido sulf?rico dilu?do resultou na remo??o de pelo menos 82% da hemicelulose presente na torta de dend?. O pr?-tratamento alcalino subsequente foi capaz de remover pelo menos 72% da lignina da biomassa, um interferente do processo fermentativo. Na sequ?ncia o processo de sacarifica??o foi otimizado com o uso de delineamento composto central rotacional com 3 fatores, 4 pontos centrais e 6 pontos axiais, onde foram avaliadas a concentra??o de celulases, a raz?o s?lido-l?quido e o tempo. O hidrolisado enzim?tico obtido em condi??o otimizada, com 80% de convers?o da celulose a a??cares redutores, foi submetido ? fermenta??o com Saccharomyces cerevisiae apre-sentando um YP/S de 0,49 com 5,4%(v/v) de ?lcool no mosto fermentado. Os dados obtidos indicaram que a torta de dend? avaliada apresenta elevado potencial para produ??o de bioetanol de segunda gera??o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT The search for alternative energies, sustainable and economically viable, highlighted the use of biofuels. Recent studies indicate the use of residual biomass as potential candidates for bioenergy production. In this context, the present dissertation aimed at evaluating the palm cake as a feedstock for the production of second generation ethanol through studies involving acid and alkaline pretreatment steps, saccharification and fermentation. Initially it was determined the chemical composition of palm cake, indicating the presence of 53.2% of total carbohydrates, of which 32% related to cellulose. To optimize the pretreatment was applied a Factorial Design by central composite rotational design. The program STATISTICA version 8.0 (Statsoft Inc., Tulsa,) was used for data analysis. Pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid resulted in the removal of at least 82% of the hemicellulose present in palm cake. The subsequent alkaline pretreatment was able to remove at least 72% of the lignin from the biomass, an interfering of fermentation. Further the saccharification process was optimized by the use of central composite design with three factors, fourth central points and six axial points, evaluating the concentration of cellulase, the solid-liquid ratio and the time. The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained under optimized conditions with 80% conversion of cellulose to sugars was subjected to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae showing an YP/S of 0.49 based on 5.4% (v/v) of alcohol in the fermented must. The data indicated that the palm kernel cake evaluated presents high potential for production of second generation bioethanol.
58

Desenvolvimento e aplica??o do material comp?sito HRP/PANI/PEG-MWCNT como plataforma para detec??o de per?xido de hidrog?nio a baixo potencial / Development and application of HRP/PANI/PEG-MWCNT composite material as a platform for hydrogen peroxide detection with high sensitivity at low potential

Silva, Jussara Vieira da 26 February 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:44Z No. of bitstreams: 5 jus.pdf: 3394180 bytes, checksum: 71d0ff7761a41fcaa36b37cfba79f687 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:26:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 jus.pdf: 3394180 bytes, checksum: 71d0ff7761a41fcaa36b37cfba79f687 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 jus.pdf: 3394180 bytes, checksum: 71d0ff7761a41fcaa36b37cfba79f687 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Atualmente os nanotubos de carbono (NTC) representam um importante grupo de nanomateriais com atrativas propriedades qu?micas, eletr?nicas e mec?nicas. Estes materiais podem ser combinados a pol?meros, de maneira a moldar as propriedades f?sicas desses compostos (nanotubos-pol?mero), aumentando sua condutividade el?trica, estabilidade qu?mica e resist?ncia mec?nica. O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimentoum material comp?sitonanoestruturado ? base de polianilina (PANI) e nanotubos de carbono de paredes m?ltiplas(MWCNT), para tal, os NTC foram funcionalizados com agrupamentos amina (PEG-NH2). A inser??o do grupamento amina junto aos NTC (PEG-MWCNT) foi confirmada atrav?s da caracteriza??o deste material utilizando as t?cnicas de Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de fourrier(FT-IR) e Espectroscopia de Energia dispersiva de Raios-X. Foi produzido um eletrodo modificado atrav?s da polimeriza??o do mon?mero anilinaem presen?a dos NTC funcionalizados denominado PANI/PEG-MWCNT. Foram analisadas as propriedades do comp?sito PANI/PEG-MWCNT pelas t?cnicas de Voltametria c?clica e Espectroscopia de Imped?ncia Eletroqu?mica, atrav?s das quais foi verificado que a presen?a combinada dos NTC e da PANI favorece forma??o de um material comp?sito com propriedades sin?rgicas. Al?m disso, atrav?s da Microbalan?a Eletroqu?mica de Cristal de Quartzo pode-se constatarque a dopagem da PANI com PEG-MWCNT favorece o transporte de pr?tons significativamente. Atrav?s da t?cnica de microscopia eletroqu?mica de varredura foi poss?vel evidenciar que existem mais s?tios ativos na superf?cie do filme de PANI/PEG-MWCNT do que na superf?cie da PANI devido ? incorpora??o uniforme dos MWCNT. Finalmente, o eletrodo modificado com o material comp?sito foi utilizado como plataforma no desenvolvimento de um biossensor enzim?tico, pela imobiliza??o da enzima HRP (HRP/PANI/PEG-MWCNT). O biossensor HRP/PANI/PEG-MWCNT apresentou um ?timo suporte para aredu??o de per?xido de hidrog?nio a baixo potencial (-100 mV) vs Ag/AgCl, bem como alta sensibilidade (1.01) ?Acm-2 ?M?1e baixo limite de detec??o de 0,5 ?M L-1. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Currently carbon nanotubes (NTC) represent an important group of nanomaterials with attractive properties (chemical, electronic and mechanical). These materials can be combined with polymers in order to shape their physical properties of these compounds (nanotube-polymer), increasing its electrical conductivity, chemical stability and mechanical strength. In fact, this study shows the production of a nanostructured composite material based on polyaniline (PANI) and carbon nanotubes multi-walled (MWCNT), for this, the NTC were functionalized with amine groups (PEG-NH2). The insertion of the amine grouping together to NTC (MWCNT-PEG) was confirmed by the characterization of this material using the techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray. A modified electrode was produced through polymerization in the presence of PANI called NTC functionalized PANI/PEG-MWCNT. The properties of the composite PANI/MWCNT-PEG were examined by cyclic voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, it was found that the combined presence of the NTC and polyaniline in the modified electrode provides a formation of a composite material with synergistic properties. Furthermore, through the technique of Electrochemical Microbalance Quartz Crystal can be seen that doping of PANI with PEG-MWCNT facilitates significantly the transport of protons. Finally, through the technique of scanning electrochemical microscopy was possible to show that there are more active sites on the surface of the film of PANI / MWCNT-PEG than on the surface of PANI due to the incorporation of MWCNT uniform. Lastly, the modified electrode composite material was used as a support for a biosensor for immobilization of the enzyme HRP (HRP/PANI/PEG-MWCNT). The biosensor HRP/PANI/MWCNT-PEG showed a great support for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide at a low potential (-100mv) vs Ag / AgCl as well as high sensitivity (1.01) ?A cm-2 mM-1 and low detection limit 0.5 ?m.
59

Fitoqu?mica e atividades biol?gicas de Miconia ferruginata DC. (Melastomataceae)

Barroso, Poliana Ribeiro 24 April 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Nivaldo Melo (nivaldo.melo@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-30T17:33:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 poliana_ribeiro_barroso.pdf: 8014555 bytes, checksum: 744e34507fbe1725f369a03ee8c97123 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-01T16:10:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 poliana_ribeiro_barroso.pdf: 8014555 bytes, checksum: 744e34507fbe1725f369a03ee8c97123 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-01T16:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 poliana_ribeiro_barroso.pdf: 8014555 bytes, checksum: 744e34507fbe1725f369a03ee8c97123 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / As plantas medicinais s?o fontes promissoras de novas drogas, em que a regi?o do Cerrado se destaca pela sua vasta biodiversidade. Dentre as plantas medicinais utilizadas nesta regi?o se encontra a esp?cie Miconia ferruginata DC. que ? conhecida como pixirica-do-campo ou babaten?o. Esta esp?cie ? utilizada no tratamento de doen?as de pele, e outras de origens inflamat?rias, parasit?rias e infecciosas, por?m os estudos qu?micos s?o escassos. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o perfil qu?mico e o potencial biol?gico da M. ferruginata (Melastomataceae). A esp?cie foi coletada no munic?pio de Diamantina, MG do qual foram preparados os extratos aquosos e etan?licos das folhas/flores e do caule. Por meio da triagem fitoqu?mica e das an?lises de CLAE-DAD-EM obteve-se um perfil qu?mico rico em compostos fen?licos. Foi poss?vel a identifica??o da presen?a de taninos, ?cidos fen?licos, flavonoides, e derivados glicosilados da quercetina. Pela an?lise dos constituintes vol?teis por CG-EM foi poss?vel identificar a presen?a de quatorze compostos, sendo eles pertencentes as classes dos sesquiterpenos, hidrocarbonetos, monoterpenos, fenilpropanoides e alco?is. No qual os sesquiterpenos ?-cariofileno e ?-humuleno foram os compostos majorit?rios, os quais s?o associados na literatura a diversas atividades biol?gicas, em especial a a??es anti-inflamat?rias, antif?ngicas e antitumorais. A an?lise das fra??es por CG-EM e CLAE-DAD foi poss?vel identificar catequinas, ?cido g?lico e flavon?is nos extratos aquosos e ?steres graxos e as subclasses das flavonas e flavon?is nos extratos etan?licos. Nas avalia??es biol?gicas os extratos etan?licos e aquosos apresentaram baixa toxicidade em c?lulas de mam?feros, em que a concentra??o selecionada para a avalia??o das demais atividades biol?gicas foi de at? 500 ?g/mL. Para a atividade antitumoral, os extratos apresentaram um grande potencial concentra??o dependente, com valores de IC50 variando de 56,44 a 180,4 ?g/mL. Bem como o tempo de exposi??o aumentou a pot?ncia de todos os extratos. Tamb?m foi observado que os extratos aquosos promoveram a inibi??o da prolifera??o de linf?citos estimulados por mit?genos, apresentando uma efic?cia em rela??o ? dexametasona, de 39,94% para o extrato das folhas a 45 ?g/mL, e de 57,3%, 137,4% e 251,8% para os extratos do caule a 15, 20 e 30 ?g/mL, respectivamente. Este efeito proliferativo pode estar relacionado ao potencial anti-inflamat?rio da M. ferruginata, relatada na medicina popular. Possivelmente, as atividades biol?gicas est?o relacionadas ao rico perfil qu?mico desta esp?cie, principalmente em compostos fen?licos. Para as atividades antimicrobianas, tripanocida 9 e leishmanicida n?o foram observadas a inibi??o do crescimento ou toxicidade frentes as cepas avaliadas. Desta forma este trabalho contribuiu para o conhecimento qu?mico e biol?gico da M. ferruginata. Por?m ensaios futuros utilizando as fra??es e subst?ncias isoladas, se fazem necess?rios para fortalecer os dados aqui apresentados e para demonstrar quais os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nas atividades biol?gicas investigadas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are reassuring sources of new drugs, in which the Cerrado region stands out for its broad biodiversity. Among the medicinal plants used in this same region is the species Miconia ferruginata DC. which is also known as pixirica-docampo or babaten?o. This species is used in the treatment of skin diseases, and other inflammatory, infectious and parasitic sources, despite the chemical studies about it are lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the chemical profile and biological potential of the M. ferruginata (Melastomataceae).The species was collected in Diamantina, MG, in which it was prepared for water and ethanol extraction of the leaves/flowers and stem. Through phytochemical screening and analysis of HPLC-MSDAD, we obtained a rich chemical profile in phenolic compounds. The identification of tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, glycosides of quercetin and derivativeshas been detected. For the analysis of volatile constituents by GC-MS, it was possible to identify the presence of fourteen compounds, namely belonging classes of sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, phenylpropanoids and alcohols. For that,? and?- caryophyllene, humulenesesquiterpenes were the main components, which are associated in the literature several biological activities, especially anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antitumor activities.In the analysis of the fractions by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD, we identified catechins, gallic acid and flavonols in aqueous extracts,including fatty esters and subclass of flavones and flavonols in ethanol extracts. Within the biological evaluations, aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed low toxicity to mammalian cells, wherein the concentration selected for analysis of other biological activities was up to 500 ?g/mL. For antitumor activity, the extracts showed a great potential concentration-dependent, with IC50 values ranging from 56.44 to 180.4 ?g/mL. Just as the exposure time increased the potency of all extracts, it was also observed that aqueous extracts promoted inhibition of the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, showing a efficacy when compared to dexamethasone, 39.94% for the extract from the leaves of 45 ?g/mL, and 57.3%, 137.4% and 251.8% for the extracts of stem of 15.20 and 30 ?g/mL, respectively. This proliferative effect may be related to the anti-inflammatory potential of M. ferruginata, reported in folk medicine. Possibly, the biological activities are related to the rich chemical profile of this species, mainly in phenolic compounds. For the antimicrobial, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities, we have not observed growth inhibition or toxicity fronts of the evaluated strains. Thus 11 this work contributed to the chemical and biological knowledge of M. ferruginata. Nevertheless, future trials using isolated fractions and substances are needed to strengthen the data presented here and to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms involved in the biological activities investigated. It is likely that the biological activities are related to the rich chemical profile of this species, mainly regarding phenolic compounds. For antimicrobial activity, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal, it was not observed growth inhibition or toxicity regarding the evaluated strains. Thus, this work contributed to the chemical and biological knowledge of the M. ferruginata. However, future trials using isolated fractions and substances are needed to strengthen the data presented here and to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms involved in the biological activities hereby investigated.
60

Aspectos biol?gicos do parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em diferentes hospedeiros

Martins, Daniel J?nior 19 August 2016 (has links)
?rea de concentra??o: Silvicultura e manejo florestal. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T23:04:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 daniel_junior_martins.pdf: 1407857 bytes, checksum: 35837ffe0a3033cb340c421e657b405d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-08-14T16:36:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) daniel_junior_martins.pdf: 1407857 bytes, checksum: 35837ffe0a3033cb340c421e657b405d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-14T16:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) daniel_junior_martins.pdf: 1407857 bytes, checksum: 35837ffe0a3033cb340c421e657b405d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / A incid?ncia de lepid?pteros desfolhadores ? um dos fatores ambientais que podem regular a produtividade dos maci?os florestais. O parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) se destaca pela efici?ncia no parasitismo de pupas desses lepid?pteros e auxiliam na manuten??o do equil?brio biol?gico. Esses podem ser criado em diferentes hospedeiros alternativos. Com isso, uma pesquisa foi conduzida no laborat?rio de Controle Biol?gico de Insetos do Departamento de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) em Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Objetivou-se neste trabalho, avaliar a efici?ncia de diferentes hospedeiros para a cria??o de Palmistichus elaeisis e estudar desempenho deste parasitoide em pupas de Tenebrio molitor criado em diferentes dietas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em sala climatizada temperatura variando ente 23 e 27?C, umidade relativa entre 60 e 80% e fotoper?odo de 12 horas. O primeiro estudo ensaio constituiu-se seis tratamentos e nove repeti??es. Pupas de Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Thyrinteina arnobia, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea e Diatraea saccharalis foram individualizadas em potes pl?sticos e expostas ao parasitismo por seis f?meas durante 72h. Foi observado a porcentagem de parasitismo e emerg?ncia, n?mero de indiv?duos emergidos, raz?o sexual, longevidade e morfometria de P. elaeisis. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA e quando significativos as m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p?0,05), ou teste kruskal Wallis (p?0,05) quando n?o-param?trico. A porcentagem de parasitismo variou de 88,8 a 100%. O n?mero da prole e tamanho do parasitoide foi influenciado pela biomassa do hospedeiro. A raz?o sexual variou de 0,76?0,04 a 0,94?0,01, e os maiores ciclos de desenvolvimento do parasitoide produziram prole mais longeva. Pupas de A. diaperinus n?o permitiram um bom desempenho de P. elaeisis na densidade testada. O segundo ensaio constituiu-se seis tratamentos e 10 repeti??es. Pupas de T. molitor geradas em seis dietas (farelo de trigo, fub? de milho, ra??o peletizada para coelhos, ra??o para aves poedeiras: farelada, peletizada e triturada) foram individualizadas em potes pl?sticos e expostas ao parasitismo por seis f?meas de P. elaeisis durante 72h. Foram observados os mesmos par?metros do primeiro estudo para o parasitoide. Al?m disso, foi realizada uma an?lise bromatol?gica das pupas de T. molitor e das dietas. A porcentagem de parasitismo e emerg?ncia foi de 100% em todos os tratamentos. N?o houve diferen?a no ciclo de vida, n?mero da prole e longevidade do parasitoide. Pupas alimentadas com fub? de milho geraram prole com menor raz?o sexual e menor comprimento da t?bia. A dieta a base de fub? de milho n?o foi adequada para o desenvolvimento de P. elaeisis. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The incidence of defoliating lepidoptera is one of the factors that can regulate the production of forest stands. The parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) stands out for the efficiency in the parasitism of pupae of these lepidoptera and helps in maintaining the biological balance. These can be created in different alternative hosts. With this, a research was developed in the laboratory of Biological Control of Insects of the Department of Forestry Department of the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different hosts for the creation of Palmistichus elaeisis and to study the performance of this parasitoid in pupae of Tenebrio molitor grown on different diets. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a heated room with temperature ranging from 23and 27?C, relative humidity between 60 and 80 % and photoperiod of 12 hours. The first assay consisted if six treatments and nine replications. Pupae of Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus Thyrinteina arnobia, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea e Diatraea saccharalis they were individually placed in plastic pots and exposed to parasitism by six females during 72h. It was observed percentage of parasitism and emergence, number of emerged individuals, sexual ratio, longevity and morphometry P. elaeisis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and when significant means were compared by Tukey test (p?0,05) or Kruskal Wallis test (p?0,05) when nonparametric. The percentage of parasitism ranged from 88,8 to 100 %. The number of offspring and parasitoid size was influenced by the biomass of the host, the sex ratio varied from 0,76?0,04 a 0,94?0,01, and the more parasitoid development cycles produced more offspring longeva. Pupae of A. diaperinus did not allow a good performance P. elaeisis tested in density. The second assay consisted if six treatments and 10 repetitions. Pupae of T. molitor generated in six different diets (wheat bran, cornmeal, pelleted feed for rabbits, for laying birds: farewell pelleted and crushed) they were individually placed in plastic pots and exposed to parasitism by six females during 72h. Were observed the same parameters of the first study for parasitoid furthermore, we carried out a bromatological analysis of T. molitor pupae and diets. The percentage of parasitism and emergency was 100 % in both treatments there was no difference the life cycle of the offspring number and longevity of the parasitoid. Pupae formed with corn meal generated offspring less sex reason and shorter length of the tibia. A diet based on corn meal was not suitable for development P. elaeisis.

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