ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Η διερεύνηση της πιθανής συσχέτισης του υπερηχογραφικά υπολογιζόμενου βάρους της ουροδόχου κύστης (UEBW) με τα ουροδυναμικά ευρήματα, σε γυναίκες με συμπτώματα από το κατώτερο ουροποιητικό σύστημα (ΣΚΟ), ειδικά με την υποσυσταλτικότητα του εξωστήρα (DU) και την απόφραξη (BOO). ΥΛΙΚΟ-ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ: Στη μελέτη εντάχθηκαν ενήλικες γυναίκες που απευθύνθηκαν στο ουροδυναμικό εργαστήριο για διερεύνηση ΣΚΟ. Μετά από την ουροδυναμική εξέταση, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η φορητή συσκευή Bladderscan® BVM 6500 προκειμένου να υπολογιστεί το πάχος του εξωστήρα της κύστης (DWT) αλλά και το βάρος της κύστης (UEBW), σύμφωνα με συγκεκριμένο πρωτόκολλο. Οι ασθενείς κατανεμήθηκαν σε ομάδες με βάση τα ουροδυναμικά ευρήματα. Σαν ομάδα ελέγχου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι γυναίκες με φυσιολογικά ουροδυναμικά ευρήματα, παρά τα συμπτώματά για τα οποία προσήλθαν. Έγινε στατιστική σύγκριση πρωτίστως των μετρήσεων UEBW και DWT και στη συνέχεια και των υπολοίπων παραμέτρων, τόσο μεταξύ των διαφόρων ομάδων και της ομάδας ελέγχου, όσο και μεταξύ τους. ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Συνολικά 178 γυναίκες συμπεριλήφθηκαν στην στατιστική ανάλυση. Το UEBW ήταν σημαντικά μικρότερο σε ασθενείς με υποσυσταλτικότητα του εξωστήρα σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα ελέγχου (39,32±2,95g vs 45,67±3.11g, p<0,001). Σημαντικές διαφορές παρατηρήθηκαν στο UEBW και μεταξύ της ομάδας ελέγχου και των ασθενών με απόφραξη είτε με είτε χωρίς υπερδραστηριότητα (45,67±3,11g vs 52,14±3,90g και 52,58±5,99g, αντίστοιχα, p<0,001 και στις δύο περιπτώσεις). Αντιθέτως, δεν υπήρχε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στο UEBW μεταξύ της ομάδας ελέγχου και των ασθενών με αμιγή υπερδραστηριότητα εξωστήρα, ακράτεια από προσπάθεια και ακράτεια από προσπάθεια με συνοδό υπερδραστηριότητα (45,67±3,11g vs 45,39±2,92g, vs 45,24±3,79g και vs 46,88±5,68g, αντίστοιχα, με p>0,05 σε όλες τις συγκρίσεις). Το DWT επίσης παρουσίασε την ίδια συμπεριφορά, με στατιστική σημαντικότητα όσον αφορά την απόφραξη είτε με είτε χωρίς υπερδραστηριότητα και μη σημαντική διαφορά όσον αφορά τις υπόλοιπες ομάδες. Το UEBW παίζει το σημαντικότερο ρόλο σε σύγκριση με τις άλλες μη επεμβατικές παραμέτρους στην προσπάθεια πρόβλεψης του ουροδυναμικού πορίσματος. Επίσης, αποτελεί σχετιά ακριβή μέθοδο για τη διαφοροδιάγνωση μεταξύ των γυναικών με υποδραστηριότητα ή απόφραξη (με ή χωρίς υπερδραστηριότητα) και των «φυσιολογικών». ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Το UEBW όπως και το DWT ήταν στατιστικώς σημαντικά μεγαλύτερο στα άτομα με απόφραξη, σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα ελέγχου. Επίσης, το UEBW ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικά μικρότερο στα άτομα με υποσυσταλτικότητα εξωστήρα. Αντιθέτως, δεν επιβεβαιώθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά του UEBW αλλά και του DWT μεταξύ ασθενών με αμιγή υπερδραστηριότητα εξωστήρα, ακράτεια από προσπάθεια και ακράτεια από προσπάθεια με συνοδό υπερδραστηριότητα και της ομάδας ελέγχου, ούτε και του DWT μεταξύ των ασθενών με υποδραστηριότητα και της ομάδας ελέγχου. Το UEBW είναι σημαντικός παράγοντας για την πρόβλεψη του ουροδυναμικού ευρήματος, κυρίως όταν αφορά την υποδραστηριότητα και την απόφραξη. / OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that ultrasound estimated bladder weight (UEBW) correlates to urodynamic diagnoses in women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), especially detrusor underactivity (DU) and bladder outflow obstruction (BOO). METHODS: Adult women referred to the urodynamics suite for investigation of LUTS, were enrolled. After urodynamics, the portable BladderScan® BVM 6500 device was used to calculate detrusor wall thickness (DWT) and UEBW according to a standardized protocol. Patients were categorized according to urodynamic findings. Women with normal investigations, despite symptoms for which they were referred, were used as controls. UEBW and DWT measurements were compared between groups and controls, using the Dunnett t-test. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Certain other comparisons were performed on the other parameters between the same groups. RESULTS: 187 women were enrolled but only 178 were included in the statistical analysis. UEBW was significantly lower in patients with DU compared to controls (39,32 ±2,95g vs 45,67±3,11g, p<0.001). Significant differences were also noted between controls and patients with bladder outlet obstruction with (BOO-DO) or without detrusor overactivity (BOO) (45,67±3,11g vs 52,14±3,90g and 52,58±5,99g respectively, p<0.001 for both comparisons). The difference, in terms of UEBW, between controls and patients with detrusor overactivity (DO), stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and stress urinary incontinence with overactivity (SUI-DO) was not statistically significant (45,67±3,11g vs 45,39±2,92g, vs 45,24±3,79g vs 46,88±5,68, respectively, with p>0.05 for all comparisons). Regarding DWT the comparisons had the same results, with no statistical difference between patients with DU, DO, SUI and SUI-DO and controls. Among the others non-invasive parameters, UEBW was the most useful one, in predicting the urodynamic findings. UEBW is, also, a relatively accurate method to distinguish women with hypocontractility or bladder outlet obstruction from women with normal urodynamic findings. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly reduced UEBW in female patients with DU and significantly increased UEBW in cases of bladder outlet obstruction were shown. The finding of significantly increased bladder weight in DO or significantly different bladder weight in SUI and SUI-DO was not confirmed in this study. The same results were present regarding the DWT, although there was no significant difference between patients with DU and controls. UEBW was a significant factor in predicting the urodynamic findings, especially in women with hypocontractility or bladder outlet obstruction.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo estrutural e ontogenético do úraco em fetos humanos normais e da bexiga de fetos humanos normais e anencéfalos durante o segundo trimestre gestacional. Cinquenta e nove fetos foram utilizados, 47 normais (22 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino) e 12 anencéfalos (5 do sexo masculino e 7 de sexo feminino) com idade variando entre 13 e 23 SPC. Os componentes fibrosos da matriz extracelular, o tecido muscular e a luz do úraco foram analisados através de métodos estereológicos e bioquímicos. A luz do úraco encontrava-se fechada na 18 SPC nos sexos masculino e feminino. O epitélio de transição no úraco foi facilmente identificO objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo estrutural e ontogenético do úraco em fetos humanos normais e da bexiga de fetos humanos normais e anencéfalos durante o segundo trimestre gestacional. Cinquenta e nove fetos foram utilizados, 47 normais (22 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino) e 12 anencéfalos (5 do sexo masculino e 7 de sexo feminino) com idade variando entre 13 e 23 SPC. Os componentes fibrosos da matriz extracelular, o tecido muscular e a luz do úraco foram analisados através de métodos estereológicos e bioquímicos. A luz do úraco encontrava-se fechada na 18 SPC nos sexos masculino e feminino. O epitélio de transição no úraco foi facilmente identificado em fetos com idade inferior a 17 SPC, nos quais a luz encontrava-se aberta. Nos fetos com idade &#8805; 18 SPC, não foram visualizados o epitélio porque a luz encontrava-se fechada. Ocorreu um aumento estatisticamente significativo de tecido conjuntivo nas bexigas de fetos anencéfalos e uma redução também significativa do tecido muscular na bexiga dos fetos anencéfalos em comparação com os normais. A análise bioquímica mostrou um aumento na concentração de colágeno total nas bexigas dos fetos anencéfalos em comparação com os fetos normais. O fechamento da luz do úraco ocorre na 17 SPC. Após o fechamento, observa-se a ausência de epitélio de transição em seu interior, uma diminuição de tecido musculae e um aumento de colágeno tipo I, o que pode indicar uma remodelagem na formação do tecido fibroso. Os dados obtidos podem ser utilizados no estudo do desenvolvimento do úraco e da drenagem do tracto urinário embrionário. As alterações estruturais observadas na bexiga podem sugerir a existência de alterações funcionais na bexiga dos fetos anencéfalos.ado em fetos com idade inferior a 17 SPC, nos quais a luz encontrava-se aberta. Nos fetos com idade &#8805; 18 SPC, não foram visualizados o epitélio porque a luz encontrava-se fechada. Ocorreu um aumento estatisticamente significativo de tecido conjuntivo nas bexigas de fetos anencéfalos e uma redução também significativa do tecido muscular na bexiga dos fetos anencéfalos em comparação com os normais. A análise bioquímica mostrou um aumento na concentração de colágeno total nas bexigas dos fetos anencéfalos em comparação com os fetos normais. O fechamento da luz do úraco ocorre na 17 SPC. Após o fechamento, observa-se a ausência de epitélio de transição em seu interior, uma diminuição de tecido musculae e um aumento de colágeno tipo I, o que pode indicar uma remodelagem na formação do tecido fibroso. Os dados obtidos podem ser utilizados no estudo do desenvolvimento do úraco e da drenagem do tracto urinário embrionário. As alterações estruturais observadas na bexiga podem sugerir a existência de alterações funcionais na bexiga dos fetos anencéfalos. / The objective of this work is to present an ontogenetic and structural study of the urachus in normal human fetuses and of the bladder in normal and anencephalic fetuses during the second gestational trimester. Fifty nine fetuses were used, 47 normal (22 male and 25 female) and 12 anencephalic (5 male and 7 female) with ages between 13 and 23 weeks post conception (WPC). Stereological and biochemical methods were used to analyse the extracellular matrix fibrous components, smooth muscle and the urachal lumen. The urachal lumen was closed at the 18th WPC in both males and females. The transitional epithelium in the urachus was clearly identified in fetuses until the 17th WPC, in which the urachal lumen was open. In fetuses aged &#8805; 18 WPC, the urachal epithelium was not visualized because the urachal lumen was closed. We observed a significant increase in the Vv of connective tissue in the bladders of anencephalic fetuses and a significant decrease in the Vv of smooth muscle cells in the bladders of anencephalic fetuses when compared to normal fetuses. The biochemical analyses showed a higher concentration of total collagen in the bladders of anencephalic fetuses when compared to normal fetuses. Urachal lumen closing occurs in the 17th WPC. After the lumen closing, we notice an absence of the transitional epithelium in its interior, a decrease in the amount of smooth muscle and an increase in type I collagen, which indicates a characteristic remodeling in fibrous tissue formation. The data obtained in the present study can be used as basic knowledge related to the development of the urachus and embryonic urinary tract drainage. The structural alterations of the bladder found in this study can suggest the existence of functional alterations in the bladder of anencephalic human fetuses.

Submitted by TALES DIAS DO PRADO null (talesprado@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-25T17:19:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Tales.pdf: 2999609 bytes, checksum: f5cd1215b054e67124951168cfa754b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-26T17:02:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_td_dr_jabo.pdf: 2999609 bytes, checksum: f5cd1215b054e67124951168cfa754b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T17:02:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_td_dr_jabo.pdf: 2999609 bytes, checksum: f5cd1215b054e67124951168cfa754b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG) / O aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia favorece a ocorrência de casos de câncer, como o de bexiga. De forma que, faz-se necessário dispor de alternativas que minimizem o sofrimento e melhorem a qualidade de vida desses pacientes após a remoção cirúrgica da bexiga. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a exequibilidade da técnica de ureterostomia cutânea em suínos após a realização da cistectomia total, quando comparada à técnica de ureterostomia colônica, assim como registrar e avaliar as alterações pós-operatórias. Foram utilizados 20 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos. Todos foram submetidos à cistectomia radical e, em seguida, a ureterostomia cutânea ou colônica. A exequibilidade das técnicas foi avaliada durante os procedimentos. Para tal observou-se o tamanho da incisão, o tempo de diérese, de realização da derivação urinária e o tempo de síntese, estimou-se a perda sanguínea e o grau de dificuldade na realização dos procedimentos de preparo dos ureteres, preparo do sítio de ureteroanastomose e realização da implantação ureteral. As avaliações clínicas foram realizadas durante 14 dias, quando foi realizada a eutanásia dos animais. Após a eutanásia foram realizadas avaliações macroscópicas dos rins, ureteres, dos sítios da derivação urinária e também foram feitas análises microscópicas dos rins e microbiológicas da urina. Os resultados indicam que a ureterostomia cutânea apresentou maior eficiência quando comparada à colônica nos quesitos perda de sangue, tamanho da incisão realizada e facilidade de realização da anastomose. Os tempos dos procedimentos realizados assim como o grau de dificuldade no preparo dos sítios de ureteroanastomose não diferiram entre si. Observaram-se óbitos espontâneos em 50% dos animais de cada grupo. Complicações clínicas como anorexia, dor à palpação abdominal, vômito e febre foram observadas entre os dias três e seis após as cirurgias e observou-se que a maioria dos animais com estas alterações morreram antes da eutanásia. Poucos animais apresentaram aumento sérico de creatinina, ureia, cálcio e fósforo. As avaliações macroscópicas incluíram hemorragia renal, pielonefrite, hidronefrose, dilatação da pelve, dilatação dos ureteres, falha na anastomose e uroperitônio. Os achados histopatológicos foram cilíndros hialinos intertubulares, nefrite, fibrose, pielonefrite, degeneração tubular, necrose, hemorragia, dilatação tubular e atrofia do parênquima renal, em ambos os grupos. A análise da urina permitiu identificar principalmente dois patógenos, E. coli e Staphylococcus spp. Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre grupos no período pós-operatório. Assim, concluiu-se, que ambas as técnicas podem ser indicadas como derivações urinárias viáveis e que a escolha dependerá de fatores intrínsecos ao cirurgião e ao paciente. / Increased life expectancy of pets favors the occurrence of cancer, such as the urinary bladder ones. In a way that, it’s important finding alternatives that minimize the pain and improve the quality of life of patients after surgical removal of the urinary bladder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cutaneous ureterostomy technique in pigs after the total cystectomy compared to the technique of colonic ureterostomy, as well as detect and characterize possible intraoperative complications. For that, 20 pigs were used, divided into two groups. All patients underwent radical cystectomy and then the cutaneous or colonic ureterostomies. The technical feasibility was assessed during the procedures. The procedures compared were: the incision size, dieresis time, realization of urinary diversion and the synthesis time. Also, the estimated blood loss and the degree of difficulty in performing the preparation procedures of the ureters, ureteroanastomose site preparation and ureteroanastomose itself were compared. The results indicate that cutaneous ureterostomy performimg was better than the colonic ureterostomy in relation to blood loss, incision size and anastomosis performing. In contrast, ureterocolonostomy showed better results on the implementation of ureteral preparation. The times of the procedures performed and the degree of difficulty in the preparation of ureteroanastomose sites did not differ. No animals died during surgery. Thus, it was concluded that both techniques can be indicated as viable urinary diversions and the choice will depend on factors intrinsic to the surgeon and the patient. / FAPEG: 102410267000033

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_pmm_me_botib.pdf: 3067176 bytes, checksum: bb2655e0acf6fb1d0c707110baed9681 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os padrões anormais de metilação do DNA, especialmente a hipermetilação de genes com provável função supressora de tumor, representam um dos mais promissores marcadores moleculares do câncer por levarem à inativação funcional de genes críticos. Estudos prévios documentaram altos níveis de expressão do gene H19 em carcinoma de bexiga recorrentes. O gene H19 é regulado por imprinting, está localizado em 11p15.5 adjacente ao gene IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2 – somatomedin A) e codifica um transcrito não codificador de proteínas (micro RNA miR-675). Uma região que atua de forma coordenada no controle da expressão desses genes, chamada DMR (Differentially Methylated Region), atua na determinação do imprinting recíproco e na expressão mutuamente exclusiva dos genes IGF2 e H19. Ela encontra-se não metilada no homólogo materno e metilada no homólogo paterno e contém sete regiões de ligação da proteína CTCF (proteína bloqueadora do acentuador), que é sensível à metilação do DNA. Um relato prévio da literatura sugeriu que somente o sexto sítio de ligação do fator CTCF apresenta metilação parental específica. Este achado foi correlacionado com o padrão de expressão regulado por imprinting dos genes IGF2 e H19 em câncer de bexiga. No presente estudo, o padrão de metilação alelo-específico do gene H19 foi determinado em duas regiões distintas: no sexto sítio de ligação do fator CTCF contido na DMR e no primeiro éxon do gene H19 utilizando-se três abordagens diferentes: MSRE-PCR-RFLP (Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), qMSP (quantitative real time Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) para o sexto sítio e MSP-CTPP (Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction with Confontring Two Pair-Primers) para a região do primeiro éxon em 52 amostras de tecidos... / Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation, especially hypermethylation of genes demonstrating tumoral suppressor functions represent one of the most promising molecular markers of cancer because they can lead to functional inactivation of critical genes. Previous studies have documented high levels of H19 gene expression in recurrent bladder carcinomas. The H19 gene is regulated by imprinting, is located at 11p15.5 adjacent to the IGF2 gene (insulin-like growth factor 2 - somatomedin A) and encodes a non-coding transcript (micro RNA miR-675). A Differentially Methylated Region (DMR) region acts in a coordinated manner to control the expression of the IGF2 and H19 genes by determining their reciprocal imprinting and mutually exclusive expression patterns. The H19-DMR contains seven potential CTCF-binding sites. These sites are located upstream to the transcriptional initiation site, and the gamete-specific methylation acts as an insulator by precluding CTCF binding in the paternal allele. A previous literature report have suggested that only the sixth CTCF-binding site shows parental specific methylation. This finding was correlated with the imprinting expression pattern of IGF2 and H19 genes in bladder cancer. In the present study, the allele-specific methylation pattern of the H19 gene was evaluated in two distinct target regions: the sixth CTCF-binding site located in the DMR and the first exon of the H19 gene using three different approaches: MSRE-PCR-RFLP (Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), qMSP (quantitative real time Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the sixth CTCF-binding site, and the first exon of the H19 gene was analyzed by MSP-CTPP (Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction with Confronting Two-Pair Primers) in 52 samples of bladder tumors matched to normal adjacent tissues obtained... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000789911.pdf: 4430961 bytes, checksum: a8d7b6bf4c33af337660ca64c4555cba (MD5) / Diuron is a substituted urea herbicide, carcinogenic to the rat urinary bladder at high dietary levels (2500 ppm). Different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) processing methods resulted in differing observations of early urothelial changes induced by exposure to this herbicide. This study evaluated the influence of SEM processing methods on the detection of urothelial alterations induced by diuron. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (basal diet), 7.1% Sodium Saccharin (NaS) (positive control) and 2500 ppm diuron, and fed for 7 days or 15 weeks. Urinary bladders were fixed with Bouin’s or glutaraldehyde fixative and processed by critical point drying (CPD) or by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for comparison of the cytotoxic and proliferative changes induced by diuron in the urothelium. Histological and cell proliferation evaluations were also performed. After seven days, no differences in the incidence of histological urothelial lesions or labeling indices were detected among the groups; however, the incidence of urothelial lesions after 15 weeks was significantly increased in the animals fed diuron or NaS. After seven days or 15 weeks, the severity of urothelial alterations was significantly higher in animals fed with diuron. Both fixative and drying methods allowed for the identification of prenecrotic swollen superficial cells in the urothelium after seven days exposure to 2500 ppm diuron. Our results confirmed that the presence of prenecrotic swollen cells in the urothelium is an early key event due to diuron cytotoxicity and is not an artifact related to the processing methods used

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 balasteghin_kt_me_botfm.pdf: 1114141 bytes, checksum: 3ab0175e5ca54d8147ef41637a8b3cd5 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A instabilidade vesical é uma patologia bastante comum na prática urológica, porém sua etiopatogenia é pouco conhecida. A utilização de seres humanos na investigação de suas causas é restrita, principalmente devido aos problemas éticos. Nosso objetivo foi estudar as alterações histopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas decorrentes da obstrução parcial da bexiga. Foram utilizados 30 coelhos machos, divididos em grupo G1 (controle clínico, n=15) e grupo G2 (obstruído, n=15). No grupo G2 foi realizada obstrução parcial da bexiga usando um bracelete ajustável de polietileno e foram considerados os animais que desenvolveram contrações involuntárias do detrusor (CID). Foram submetidos a dosagem de uréia e creatinina plasmática, cultura de urina e estudo cistométrico em 2 momentos, inicial (M1) e final (M2) após 4 semanas da obstrução. Após este período, os coelhos foram sacrificados e a bexiga retirada para realização de estudo histopatológico e imunohistoquímico. Observou-se um aumento significativo do peso corporal dos coelhos nos diferentes momentos. O peso da bexiga foi 2,5 vezes maior no grupo G2 comparado com o grupo G1 (controle clínico). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na análise da uréia plasmática. A creatinina plasmática foi significativamente maior no grupo G2 (obstruído) em comparação com o grupo G1 no momento final. Detectou-se cultura positiva em 40% dos casos no momento M1 (inicial) e 50% no M2 (final). A análise do estudo urodinâmico demonstrou aumento significativo da capacidade vesical no momento M2 no grupo G2. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na pressão máxima do detrusor e na complacência vesical nos diferentes momentos. Verificou-se persistência das contrações involuntárias do detrusor em todos os animais... / The bladder instability is a very common problem in urology, however its etiology is rather unknown. The use of human beings is limited in the study of detrusor instability, specially because of ethical problems. For this reason we have proposed an experimental study of the bladder instability in rabbits due to partial bladder outlet obstruction. Thirty male rabbits were divided in G1 (control group) and G2. The animals in G2 had their bladder obstructed by using an adjustable polyethylene ring. Both groups were submitted to cystometrical evaluations in two moments: initial (before surgery) and final (after 4 weeks of obstruction). After this period, the rabbits were sacrificed, their bladder was removed and the alterations evaluated in the histologic and immunohistochemical study. The results showed an increase in the body weight of the rabbits and the bladder was 2.5 times heavier than the control group. There was no significative statistical difference in the plasmatic urea analysis. The results showed significative statistical difference between the groups in the final moment (the final moment was superior than the initial moment in G1). There was positive culture in 40% of the cases in M1 and 50% in M2. The analysis of the urodynamics study presented an increase in the bladder capacity in M2, G2. There was no significative statistical difference in the detrusor maximum pressure and in the bladder compliance. We could detect the persistence of the detrusor spontaneous contractions in all the animals in G2 in M2. The histological study showed 13% of epithelium ulceration and 40% of submucosal fibrosis in the obstructed animals. All the rabbits in G2 presented adventitious fibrosis. The inflammatory reaction was significatively bigger in G2. There was no statistical difference in the analysis of the intermuscular fibrosis. The results showed 54% of... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_tc_me_jabo.pdf: 2166341 bytes, checksum: 3506a5bd81e793c204aacdd18020a595 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste estudo, implantou-se peritônio bovino ou biomembrana de látex natural em defeito (1,5 x 1,5 cm) induzido na parede ventral da bexiga de coelhos, com o intuito de se avaliar o processo de reparação tecidual no que se refere à biocompatibilidade, capacidade de reparação e possíveis complicações. Utilizaram-se 36 coelhos, albinos, raça Nova Zelândia Branco, adultos, machos inteiros, divididos em grupos experimentais: grupo Biomembrana (GB), grupo peritônio bovino (GP) e grupo controle (GC), cada um com 12 animais. Aos sete, 14, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório, os animais foram eutanasiados mediante o emprego de uma dose elevada de tiopental sódico para avaliações macroscópica e histopatológica da interface do implante com o tecido nativo. Macroscopicamente, em ambos os grupos (GB, GP e GC), observaramse, em todos os períodos, aderências de estruturas adjacentes ao local do implante, presença de cálculos e ausência de sinais de rejeição. No grupo biomembrana, aos 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório, constatou-se a presença do biocompósito solto na luz vesical. Sob microscopia de luz, aos sete dias verificaram-se intensa reação inflamatória, neovascularização e presença de fibroblastos proliferados. Aos 14 dias não havia epitélio, porém observaram-se escassos feixes musculares, intensa neovascularização, fibroblastos e infiltrado inflamatório. No grupo GP, aos 30 dias de observação, o implante estava presente, havia fibroblastos, feixes de fibras musculares, moderada população inflamatórias e ausência de epitélio e de lâmina própria. No grupo GB, neste mesmo período, todas as camadas vesicais estavam reconstituídas. Em ambos os grupos, aos 60 dias de pós-operatório, todas as camadas vesicais encontravam-se reparadas e a membrana peritônio bovino não foi observada. No grupo GC, em todos os tempos de avaliação verificou-se integridade... / In this study, bovine peritoneum or biomembrane of natural latex were utilized to replace a section of ventral face of the bladder of rabbits, with purpose of evaluation of the tissue repair process in regard of its biocompatility, scar formation ability and possible complications. Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits, adult and entire males were divided in three experimental groups: biomembrane group (GB), bovine peritoneum group (GP) and control group (GC), each one with 12 animals. The animals were euthanized at seven, 14, 30 and 60 days post operative, by use of an elevated dosage of sodium tiopental, followed by macroscopic and histopathological analysis of the implant interface with the native tissue. Macroscopically, in both groups (GB, GP and GC), it was observed, in all time periods, structure adherence to the implant site, presence of calculi and absence of rejection signs. In the GB group, since 30 until 60 days of post operative, it was evidenced the presence of the biomembrane inside the bladder. Under light microscopy, at seven days, there were intense inflammatory reaction, new vessels and proliferated fibroblasts. In 14 days, there was no urotelium, however it saw muscle fibers, intense inflammatory cells, new vessels and fibroblasts. In the GP group, at 30 days the implant was still present, there were fibroblasts, muscle fibers, moderate population of inflammatory cells and absence of urotelium and sheath. In the GB group, in the same time period, all the vesical layers were reconstituted. In both groups, at 60 days of post operative, bladder wall was repaired and the bovine peritoneum membrane was not observed. In the GC group, all the evaluation times, integrity of the vesical wall was verified... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Maria Luiza Cotrim Sartor de Oliveira / Coorientador: Mirielen Garcia Nascimento e Pontes / Banca: Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli / Banca: Daniela Carvalho dos Santos / Resumo: Não disponivel / Abstract: Diuron is a substituted urea herbicide, carcinogenic to the rat urinary bladder at high dietary levels (2500 ppm). Different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) processing methods resulted in differing observations of early urothelial changes induced by exposure to this herbicide. This study evaluated the influence of SEM processing methods on the detection of urothelial alterations induced by diuron. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (basal diet), 7.1% Sodium Saccharin (NaS) (positive control) and 2500 ppm diuron, and fed for 7 days or 15 weeks. Urinary bladders were fixed with Bouin's or glutaraldehyde fixative and processed by critical point drying (CPD) or by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for comparison of the cytotoxic and proliferative changes induced by diuron in the urothelium. Histological and cell proliferation evaluations were also performed. After seven days, no differences in the incidence of histological urothelial lesions or labeling indices were detected among the groups; however, the incidence of urothelial lesions after 15 weeks was significantly increased in the animals fed diuron or NaS. After seven days or 15 weeks, the severity of urothelial alterations was significantly higher in animals fed with diuron. Both fixative and drying methods allowed for the identification of prenecrotic swollen superficial cells in the urothelium after seven days exposure to 2500 ppm diuron. Our results confirmed that the presence of prenecrotic swollen cells in the urothelium is an early key event due to diuron cytotoxicity and is not an artifact related to the processing methods used / Mestre

Orientador: Cláudia Aparecida Rainho / Banca: Marcos Vinícius de Marcos Gomes / Banca: José Carlos Souza Trndade Filho / Resumo: Os padrões anormais de metilação do DNA, especialmente a hipermetilação de genes com provável função supressora de tumor, representam um dos mais promissores marcadores moleculares do câncer por levarem à inativação funcional de genes críticos. Estudos prévios documentaram altos níveis de expressão do gene H19 em carcinoma de bexiga recorrentes. O gene H19 é regulado por imprinting, está localizado em 11p15.5 adjacente ao gene IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2 - somatomedin A) e codifica um transcrito não codificador de proteínas (micro RNA miR-675). Uma região que atua de forma coordenada no controle da expressão desses genes, chamada DMR (Differentially Methylated Region), atua na determinação do imprinting recíproco e na expressão mutuamente exclusiva dos genes IGF2 e H19. Ela encontra-se não metilada no homólogo materno e metilada no homólogo paterno e contém sete regiões de ligação da proteína CTCF (proteína bloqueadora do acentuador), que é sensível à metilação do DNA. Um relato prévio da literatura sugeriu que somente o sexto sítio de ligação do fator CTCF apresenta metilação parental específica. Este achado foi correlacionado com o padrão de expressão regulado por imprinting dos genes IGF2 e H19 em câncer de bexiga. No presente estudo, o padrão de metilação alelo-específico do gene H19 foi determinado em duas regiões distintas: no sexto sítio de ligação do fator CTCF contido na DMR e no primeiro éxon do gene H19 utilizando-se três abordagens diferentes: MSRE-PCR-RFLP (Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), qMSP (quantitative real time Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) para o sexto sítio e MSP-CTPP (Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction with Confontring Two Pair-Primers) para a região do primeiro éxon em 52 amostras de tecidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation, especially hypermethylation of genes demonstrating tumoral suppressor functions represent one of the most promising molecular markers of cancer because they can lead to functional inactivation of critical genes. Previous studies have documented high levels of H19 gene expression in recurrent bladder carcinomas. The H19 gene is regulated by imprinting, is located at 11p15.5 adjacent to the IGF2 gene (insulin-like growth factor 2 - somatomedin A) and encodes a non-coding transcript (micro RNA miR-675). A Differentially Methylated Region (DMR) region acts in a coordinated manner to control the expression of the IGF2 and H19 genes by determining their reciprocal imprinting and mutually exclusive expression patterns. The H19-DMR contains seven potential CTCF-binding sites. These sites are located upstream to the transcriptional initiation site, and the gamete-specific methylation acts as an insulator by precluding CTCF binding in the paternal allele. A previous literature report have suggested that only the sixth CTCF-binding site shows parental specific methylation. This finding was correlated with the imprinting expression pattern of IGF2 and H19 genes in bladder cancer. In the present study, the allele-specific methylation pattern of the H19 gene was evaluated in two distinct target regions: the sixth CTCF-binding site located in the DMR and the first exon of the H19 gene using three different approaches: MSRE-PCR-RFLP (Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), qMSP (quantitative real time Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the sixth CTCF-binding site, and the first exon of the H19 gene was analyzed by MSP-CTPP (Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction with Confronting Two-Pair Primers) in 52 samples of bladder tumors matched to normal adjacent tissues obtained... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Wílson Mello Júnior / Resumo: O carcinoma de bexiga urinária é o tipo de câncer mais prevalente no sistema urinário em seres humanos e apresenta altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. Seu desenvolvimento está relacionado a diversos fatores de risco, como o hábito de fumar, a exposição a agentes químicos industriais e metais pesados e o estresse crônico. As experiências adversas no início da vida estão relacionadas à modulação de eixos hormonais importantes, como o hipotalâmicohipofisário-adrenal (HHA) e hipotalâmico-hipofisário-gonadal (HHG). Alterações na resposta do eixo HHA, componente central da resposta fisiológica ao estresse, levam a desordens fisiológicas, como aumento da proliferação celular, angiogênese e prejuízo da resposta imune, que podem ser responsáveis pelo aumento da susceptibilidade do indivíduo a uma série de doenças na vida adulta, incluindo o câncer. Paralelamente, alterações na fisiologia de hormônios esteroides como andrógenos, estrógenos e glicocorticoides, bem como seus receptores, também têm sido relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de enfermidades como o câncer de bexiga urinária. Em ratos, o comportamento materno funciona como um fator importante na modulação desses eixos hormonais, modificando suas respostas na vida adulta, e estudos recentes têm relacionado os cuidados recebidos por filhotes à incidência de tumores. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do comportamento materno e sua consequente modulação nos eixos HHA e HHG, no desenvolvimento do câncer de bexiga u... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The urinary bladder carcinoma is the most prevalent type of cancer in the urinary tract in humans, with high morbidity and mortality. Its development is related to several risk factors such as smoking, exposure to industrial chemicals and heavy metals and chronic stress. Adverse experiences early in life are related to modulation of important hormonal axes, as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG). Changes in the response of the HPA axis, a central component of the physiological response to stress, lead to physiological disorders, such as increased cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and impaired immune response, which may be responsible for the increased susceptibility of the individual to a number of diseases in adult life, including cancer. Similarly, changes in the physiology of steroid hormones such as androgens, oestrogens and glucocorticoids and their receptors have also been related to the development of diseases such as bladder cancer. In rats, maternal behavior serves as an important factor in the modulation of hormonal axes, modifying their responses in adulthood, and recent studies have linked the care received by pups and the incidence of tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of maternal behavior and its consequent modulation in HPA and HPG axes in the development of bladder cancer. The results showed that rats reared by the negligent mothers had a greater susceptibility to the development of chemica... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre