Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Exercise Sciences, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Rhode Island, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 266-298).

The purpose of this cross-sectional, correlational study was to test a bio behavioral model that proposes self-regulation affects body mass index (BMI) and executive function (EF) mediates the relationship between self-regulation and BMI in a sample of female monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins age 25-64 (N=120). The model also suggests that genes influence EF. EF was measured with the TEXAS (a telephone administered measure of global EF) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS11). Self-regulation was measured with the Goal Systems Assessment Battery (GSAB), a self-report item with nine subscales representing different aspects of Self-regulation. BMI was collected by self-report. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to adjust for the dependence among the twin pairs. Results showed that Self-Regulation was not associated with BMI, nor was EF associated with BMI, although the association between the TEXAS and BMI trended toward significance (r = .17, p = .062). To examine the genetic influence on EF, a smaller sample was used, comprised only of the twin pairs (N=68, 34 pairs, 20 MZ pairs and 14 DZ pairs) and differences between MZ and DZ twins pairs were compared. The MZ (median 0.76) twins had an 18.3% lower median difference on the composite EF score than the DZ twins (median 0.93), but the Mann Whitney test was non-significant (p = .204). It is not known whether this result is due to the small sample size or reflects no difference between the MZ and DZ twins. Exploratory findings showed that four of the individual subscales of the GSAB correlated with BMI including Self Efficacy (r = -.305, p<.001), Planning/Stimulus Control (r = -.193, p<.05), Negative Affect (r = .230, p<.05), and Self-Criticism (r = .230, p<.05). Two of the individual subscales of the GSAB were associated with the BIS11: Social (r = .186, p<.05) and Negative Affect (r = .331, p<.000) and two were associated with the composite EF score. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-Revised (CESD-R) was associated with both the composite EF score (r = .232, p<.05) and the TEXAS (r = .201, p<.05), and was associated with four of the subscales of the GSAB: Planning Stimulus Control (r = -.262, p<.01), Self Criticism (r = .488, p<.000), Positive Affect (r = -.309, p<.01) and Negative Affect (r = .496, p<.001). A linear regression model entering all nine of the Self-regulation subscales as predictors of BMI showed that the subscale Positive Affect contributed the most to the model (β= .455, p<.01), with Directive Self Efficacy (β= -2.73, p<.01) and Planning/Stimulus Control (β= -.322, p<.05) also significant. The remaining subscales were not significant. Future studies should use a larger sample size and participants known to be actively working on weight control goals.

Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Immigration, especially to countries with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, has been found to exacerbate these conditions in immigrants. This study investigated the change in dietary intake, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) of South African immigrants in Hobart, Australia. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the change in BMI, the current and usual dietary intakes and perceived dietary changes and the current physical activity levels and perceived changes in physical activity since immigration of South African immigrants residing in the Greater Hobart Area. DESIGN: This study had descriptive, cross-sectional as well as analytical components. SAMPLING: Forty seven participants were recruited by contacting known immigrants, postings in newspapers, contacting immigrant social groups, contacting the Department of Economic Development as well as using the social networking program, “Facebook”. All participants had to be between the ages of 20 and 50 and have lived in Australia for longer than six months, but shorter than five years. Thirty participants completed the study with a mean age of 37.17 years. METHODS: Participants were required to complete a self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire, a 3-day diet record, physical activity questionnaire and quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ). The investigator administered a weight change questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height and waist circumference measurements. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the BMIs of participants preand post-immigration (p=0.06), but the percentage of overweight female participants increased from 24% (n=4) to 29% (n=5) and the percentage of overweight male participants increased from 46% (n=6) to 69% (n=9). The percentage of obese female participants increased from 6% (n=1) to 12% (n=2) post-immigration with the male participants showing no increased prevalence of obesity. Participants appeared aware of their weight classifications with 60% (n=18) reporting that they considered themselves overweight. Mean waist circumference values of male and female participants were classified as action level 1. Forty one percent (n=7) of female participants and 31% (n=4) of male participants had waist circumference values classified as action level 2. Carbohydrate intakes were below the Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) recommendations for 84% (n=25) and 62% (n=19) of participants as indicated by the QFFQ and diet records respectively and the mean carbohydrate intake values of male and female participants (QFFQ and diet records) were below the NRV recommendations as well. Fibre intakes were below the NRV recommendations for 76% (n=23) and 82% (n=25) of participants as indicated by the QFFQ and food records respectively. Saturated fat and sodium intakes were high. Folate, calcium and potassium were consumed in lower than recommended amounts by a large proportion of participants. Sixty seven percent (n=20) of participants reported an increase in physical activity post-immigration and 70% (n=21) of participants anticipated a future increase in physical activity levels. CONCLUSION: The study population experienced an increase in weight. A number of other risk factors for cardiovascular and other chronic diseases were also identified including high waist circumference values, high saturated fat and sodium intakes and low fibre, folate, calcium and potassium intakes. Interventions aimed at decreasing the risk of South African immigrants in Hobart becoming overweight/obese and developing chronic diseases should probably be aimed at lower saturated and total fat intake, higher carbohydrate and fibre intake and plenty of dietary variation and should further encourage physical activity, but this needs to be confirmed by larger prospective studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: Daar is gevind dat immigrasie, veral na lande met ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig en vetsugtigheid, hierdie toestande in immigrante kan vererger. Hierdie studie het die veranderinge in dieetinname, fisiese aktiwiteit en liggaamsmassa-indeks (LMI) van Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante in Hobart, Australië ondersoek. DOELWITTE: Die doelwitte was om die verandering in LMI na immigrasie, die huidige en gewoontelike dieetinname en gerapporteerde dieet veranderinge na immigrasie asook die huidige fisiese aktiwiteit en gerapporteerde fisiese aktiwiteit veranderinge van Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante, wat in die groter Hobart area woon, te ondersoek. ONTWERP: Die studie het beskrywende asook analitiese komponente gehad. STEEKPROEFTREKKING: Respondente is gewerf deur alle bekende immigrante te kontak, koerant boodskappe te plaas, sosiale groepe vir immigrante te kontak, die Department van Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling te kontak asook deur die sosiale netwerk program, “Facebook”, te gebruik. Alle respondente moes tussen die ouderdomme van 20 en 50 wees en moes langer as ses maande, maar korter as vyf jaar in Australië woon. METODES: Respondente het ‘n sosio-demografiese vraelys asook ‘n drie dag voedselrekord, ‘n voedselfrekwensie vraelys en ‘n fisiese aktiwiteit vraelys voltooi. Die navorser het ‘n gewigsverandering vraelys afgeneem. Antropometriese metings het gewig, lengte en middelomtrek ingesluit. RESULTATE: Daar was nie ‘n betekenisvolle verskil tussen die LMI waardes van respondente voor en na immigrasie nie (p=0.06), maar die persentasie oorgewig vroulike respondente het toegeneem van 24% (n=4) na 29% (n=5) en die persentasie oorgewig manlike respondente het toegeneem van 46% (n=6) na 69% (n=9). Die persentasie vetsugtige vroulike respondente het toegeneem van 6% (n=1) na 12% (n=2) na immigrasie en die manlike respondente het geen toename in vetsugtigheid getoon nie. Dit het voorgekom asof respondente bewus was van hulle gewigsklassifikasies met 60% (n=18) wat gerapporteer het dat hulle hulself as oorgewig beskou. Die gemiddelde middelomtrek waardes van die manlike en vroulike respondente was geklassifiseer as aksie vlak 1. Een en veertig persent (n=7) van die vroulike respondente en 31% (n=4) van die manlike respondente het middelomtrek waardes getoon wat as aksie vlak 2 geklassifiseer was. Koolhidraat inname was laer as the nutrient verwysingswaardes vir 84% (n=25) en 62% (n=19) van die respondente soos aangedui deur die voedselfrekwensie lys en 3-dag voedselrekord. Vesel inname was laer as the nutrient verwysingswaardes vir 76% (n=23) en 82% (n=25) van die respondente soos aangedui deur die voedselfrekwensie lys en 3-dag voedselrekord. Die gemiddelde waardes vir koolhidraat en vesel inname vir manlike en vroulike respondente (voedselfrekwensie lys en 3-dag voedselrekord) was laer as die nutrient verwysingswaardes. Versadigde vet en natrium innames was hoog. Folaat, kalsium en kalium innames van ‘n groot proporsie respondente was laer as die aanbevelings. Sewe en sestig persent (n=20) van die respondente het gerapporteer dat hulle fisiese aktiwiteitsvlakke toegeneem het na immigrasie en 70% (n=21) van die respondente het verwag dat hulle fisiese aktiwiteitsvlakke sou verhoog. AANBEVELINGS: Die studie populase het ‘n toename in gewig en LMI ondervind. ‘n Aantal verdere risikofaktore vir kroniese en kardiovaskulêre siektes was geïdentifiseer, byvoorbeeld hoë middelomtrek waardes, hoë versadigde vet en natrium innames en lae vesel, folaat, kalsium en kalium innames. Programme wat fokus op die voorkoming van oorgewig/vetsug in Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante in Hobart, Australië moet moontlik gemik wees op laer totale en versadigde vet inname, hoër vesel en koolhidraat inname asook variasie in diet en fisiese aktiwiteit moet ook verder aangemoedig word. Sodanige aanbevelings moet egter bevestig word deur groter prospektiewe studies.

Estimation of the biological profile from as many skeletal elements as possible is a necessity in both forensic and bioarchaeological contexts; this includes non-standard aspects of the biological profile, such as body mass index (BMI). BMI is a measure that allows for understanding of the composition of an individual and is traditionally divided into four groups: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. BMI estimation incorporates both estimation of stature and body mass. The estimation of stature from skeletal elements is commonly included into the standard biological profile but the estimation of body mass needs to be further statistically validated to be consistently included. The bones of the foot, specifically the first metatarsal, may have the ability to estimate BMI given an allometric relationship to stature and the mechanical relationship to body mass. There are two commonly used methods for stature estimation, the anatomical method and the regression method. The anatomical method takes into account all of the skeletal elements that contribute to stature while the regression method relies on the allometric relationship between a skeletal element and living stature. A correlation between the metrics of the first metatarsal and living stature has been observed, and proposed as a method for valid stature estimation from the boney foot (Byers et al., 1989). Body mass estimation from skeletal elements relies on two theoretical frameworks: the morphometric and the mechanical approaches. The morphometric approach relies on the size relationship of the individual to body mass; the basic relationship between volume, density, and weight allows for body mass estimation. The body is thought of as a cylinder, and in order to understand the volume of this cylinder the diameter is needed. A commonly used proxy for this in the human body is skeletal bi-iliac breadth from rearticulated pelvic girdle. The mechanical method of body mass estimation relies on the ideas of biomechanical bone remodeling; the elements of the skeleton that are under higher forces, including weight, will remodel to minimize stress. A commonly used metric for the mechanical method of body mass estimation is the diameter of the head of the femur. The foot experiences nearly the entire weight force of the individual at any point in the gait cycle and is subject to the biomechanical remodeling that this force would induce. Therefore, the application of the mechanical framework for body mass estimation could stand true for the elements of the foot. The morphometric and mechanical approaches have been validated against one another on a large, geographically disparate population (Auerbach and Ruff, 2004), but have yet to be validated on a sample of known body mass. DeGroote and Humphrey (2011) test the ability of the first metatarsal to estimate femoral head diameter, body mass, and femoral length. The estimated femoral head diameter from the first metatarsal is used to estimate body mass via the morphometric approach and the femoral length is used to estimate living stature. The authors find that body mass and stature estimation methods from more commonly used skeletal elements compared well with the methods developed from the first metatarsal. This study examines 388 `White' individuals from the William M. Bass donated skeletal collection to test the reliability of the body mass estimates from femoral head diameter and bi-iliac breadth, stature from maximum femoral length, and body mass and stature from the metrics of the first metatarsal. This sample included individuals from all four of the BMI classes. This study finds that all of the skeletal indicators compare well with one another; there is no statistical difference in the stature estimates from the first metatarsal and the maximum length of the femur, and there is no statistical between all three of the body mass estimation methods. When compared to the forensic estimates of stature neither of the tested methods had statistical difference. Conversely, when the body mass estimates are compared to forensic body mass there was a statistical difference and when further investigated the most difference in the body mass estimates was in the extremes of body mass (the underweight and obese categories). These findings indicate that the estimation of stature from both the maximum femoral length and the metrics of the metatarsal are accurate methods. Furthermore, the estimation of body mass is accurate when the individual is in the middle range of the BMI spectrum while these methods for outlying individuals are inaccurate. These findings have implications for the application of stature and body mass estimation in the fields of bioarchaeology, forensic anthropology, and paleoanthropology.

Resumo: Avaliar a atividade física em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama no pré-tratamento (através do recordatório das pacientes) e após tratamento desta patologia, por meio de questionário validado. Metodologia: Para este estudo clínico e analítico foram selecionadas 303 mulheres com idade entre 29 e 89 anos (pacientes em consultas médicas de rotina acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Mastologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu) no período de março 2006 à julho de 2007. Incluíram-se pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama (somente), em quaisquer estádios que já foram tratadas para câncer de mama (cirurgia e/ou radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia e/ou hormonioterapia). Foram excluídas pacientes em fase de diagnóstico inicial de câncer de mama (sem tratamento), pacientes com outros tipos de neoplasias malignas concomitantes. Todas foram submetidas ao International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version), onde foram classificadas em três níveis de atividade física (leve, moderada e intensa); obtivemos também através de questionário clínico/sócio-demográfico os seguintes dados: escolaridade, renda (salarial), religião, hipertensão, diabetes, problemas osteoarticulares, tipo de cirurgia (mastectomia ou conservadora), tipos de tratamento (quimioterapia, radioterapia e hormonioterapia), tempo de diagnóstico do câncer de mama, menopausa e tempo de menopausa; e através de prontuário obtivemos: idade, peso e altura. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) quando comparamos a atividade física das pacientes pré e pós-tratamento, e quando comparamos a atividade física com o período de cirurgia, nota-se claramente que as pacientes principalmente após o segundo ano de cirurgia melhoram gradativamente seus níveis de atividade física deixando de praticá-las em níveis leves, começando a praticá-las em níveis moderados e intensos (p=0,0365). / Abstract: To assess physical activity in patients with breast cancer before (self-report) and after treatment through validated questionnaire. Method:, A total of 303 women aged 29-89 years attending routine follow up at the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of Botucatu Medical School) between March/2006 and July/2007 were enrolled in this clinical and analytical study. Women with breast cancer (alone) at any stage, previously submitted to breast cancer treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy) were included. Patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer (untreated) and those with other kinds of concurrent malignant neoplasia were excluded. All women were administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version). Physical activity was classified as light, moderate and intense. Through a clinical/sociodemographic questionnaire, data were collected on schooling level, income (salary), religion choice, hypertension, diabetes, osteoarticulary problems, type of surgery (mastectomy or conservative), type of treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy), time since breast cancer diagnosis, menopause and time since menopause. Information such as age, weight and height was extracted from the patients' medical records. Results: There was a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment physical activity (p<0,001). The assessment of physical activity at different postoperative times clearly showed that physical activity levels gradually increased from mild to moderate or intense(p=0,0365), especially after the second postoperative year. A significant increase (p<0,001) in the frequency of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes and osteoarticulary problems) was observed after treatment of breast carcinoma, as well as in patients submitted to chemotherapy in comparison with those who did not receive this kind of treatment (p=0,006). / Orientador: Gilberto Uemura / Coorientador: Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahás / Banca: José Ricardo Paciência Rodrigues / Banca: Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota / Mestre

The aim of the study was to estimate the association between maternal perception of their child’s health status and (mis)classification of their child’s actual weight with future weight change. We present cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from the Peruvian younger cohort of the Young Lives Study. For cross-sectional analysis, the exposure was maternal perception of child health status (better, same or worse); the outcome was underestimation or overestimation of the child’s actual weight. Mothers were asked about their perception of their child’s weight (same, lighter or heavier than other children). Actual weight status was defined with IOTF BMI cut-off points. For longitudinal analysis, the exposure was (mis)classification of the child’s actual weight; the outcome was the standardized mean difference between follow-up and baseline BMI. A Generalized Linear Model with Poisson family and log-link was used to report the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for cross-sectional analyses. A Linear Regression Model was used to report the longitudinal analysis as coefficient estimates (β) and 95% CI. Normal weight children who were perceived as more healthy than other children were more likely to have their weight overestimated (PR = 2.06); conversely, those who were perceived as less healthy than other children were more likely to have their weight underestimated (PR = 2.17). Mean follow-up time was 2.6 (SD: 0.3) years. Overall, underweight children whose weight was overestimated were more likely to gain BMI (β = 0.44); whilst overweight children whose weight was considered to be the same of their peers (β = -0.55), and those considered to be lighter than other children (β = -0.87), lost BMI. Maternal perception of the child’s health status seems to influence both overestimation and underestimation of the child’s actual weight status. Such weight (mis)perception may influence future BMI. / RMC-L, JJM, AB-O, and the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases were supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Global Health Initiative under the contract Global Health Activities in Developing Countries to Combat Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (Project Number 268200900033C-1-0-1). AB-O is currently supported by a Wellcome Trust Research Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (Grant 103994/Z/14/Z). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. / Revisión por pares

Objetivo: avaliar o possível efeito da obesidade sobre o tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico associado ou não a antibiótico em mulheres de peso normal e obesas após 6 meses de acompanhamento. Metodologia: a partir de um delineamento do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado por placebo, em paralelo, 32 mulheres (35-55 anos) com periodontite crônica foram incluídas e distribuídas em dois grupo experimentais (16 peso normal e 16 obesas). Mulheres fumantes, diabéticas e com sobrepeso não foram incluídas. As pacientes foram alocadas randomicamente para receber tratamento periodontal subgengival associado ao uso de placebo ou metronidazol (400mg, 3x/dia, durante 10 dias) concomitantemente. Os parâmetros clínicos periodontais foram avaliados por um examinador treinado e calibrado no baseline e 6 meses após o tratamento periodontal. Resultados: Todos os parâmetros clínicos apresentaram melhora durante o período de acompanhamento. O Índice de Placa Visível foi positivo em aproximadamente 25% dos sítios nos grupos experimentais após 6 meses do tratamento, enquanto que o Índice de Sangramento Gengival e o Sangramento à Sondagem foram observados em aproximadamente 10% e 25% dos sítios, respectivamente. Esses parâmetros não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos experimentais aos 6 meses. A redução na Profundidade de Sondagem variou entre 0.52 ± 0.3 e 0.81 ± 0.5mm e o ganho de Inserção Clínica variou entre 0.23 ± 0.3 e 0.45 ± 0.5mm. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos experimentais para estes parâmetros (P=0.59 e 0.67, respectivamente). Conclusão: Ponderando as limitações desta análise preliminar, obesidade parece não afetar negativamente os resultados da terapia periodontal não-cirúrgica. Além disso, o uso de Metronidazol não forneceu um benefício adicional a terapia periodontal. / Aim: to evaluate the possible effects of obesity on clinical parameters after systemic antibiotic adjunctive scaling and root planning (SRP) in women with 6 month follow-up. Methods: a randomized clinical trial was conducted. Thirty-two women (35 - 55 years old) with chronic periodontitis were allocated into obesity (n=16) and normal weight (n=16) groups. Smokers, diabetics and overweight were not included. Patients were randomized to SRP plus Metronidazole (400 mg, 3 time/day, 10 days) or SRP plus placebo. Periodontal parameters were evaluated by one calibrated examiner at baseline and 6 month follow-up. Results: all periodontal parameters showed improvement during follow-up. Visible Plaque Index was positive around 25% of sites in the experimental groups after 6 months of treatment, while the Gingival Bleeding Index and Bleeding on Probing were observed in approximately 10% and 25% of the sites, respectively. These parameters showed no significant differences between experimental groups at 6 months. Probing Pocket Depth was reduced ranged 0.52 ± 0.3 and 0.81 ± 0.5 mm and Periodontal attachment loss get ranged 0.23 ± 0.3 and 0.45 ± 0.5 mm. There were no statistically significant differences between experimental groups for these parameters (P=0.59 and 0.67, respectively). Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this preliminary analysis, obesity seems not affect the results of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Furthermore, the use of Metronidazole was not provided an additional benefit to periodontal therapy.

Observou-se a prevalência crescente das doenças cardiovasculares nos dias de hoje e o acometimento cada vez maior da população pediátrica. O objetivo principal no presente estudo foi verificar a associação entre a pressão arterial ambulatorial e variáveis antropométricas em 34 pré-adolescentes e adolescentes na faixa de idade entre 9 e 17 anos de ambos os sexos. Analisamos também se a prática regular de exercícios físicos beneficia, em relação as variáveis concernentes à pressão arterial, este grupo de indivíduos. A avaliação da pressão arterial foi realizada através da monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial durante 24 horas por ser uma forma de avaliação que oferece maior reprodutibilidade dos valores e maior detalhamento sobre o comportamento da pressão arterial nos diferentes períodos do dia. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva para apresentar os resultados obtidos, a correlação de Pearson e Spearman para avaliar as associações entre as variáveis e a regressão linear múltipla para controlar os fatores de confusão e avaliar os preditores das variáveis de desfecho. Conclui-se que o índice de massa corporal se associa diretamente com a pressão arterial ambulatorial sistólica diurna e com a pressão arterial ambulatorial sistólica de 24 horas, independentemente de outras variáveis antropométricas. A estatura e o índice de massa corporal se associam diretamente à pressão arterial ambulatorial sistólica diurna e a pressão arterial ambulatorial média diurna neste grupo de pré-adolescentes e adolescentes. A relação cintura/quadril é significativamente menor naqueles que praticam exercícios físicos regularmente. / We observed the growing incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases nowadays in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to verify the association betwen ambulatory blood pressure and anthropometrical variables in 34 pre-teenagers and teenagers, ranging from 9 to 17 years old both male and female. We also analyzed if the frequent practice of exercices helps group of individuals in relation to this blood pressures variables. The blood pressure was evaluated by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring since this offers a better values reproducibility and more details about blood pressure behavior in diferences times of the day. We used descriptive statistics to present the final results and applied Pearson and Spearman tests to evaluated the association betwen the variables. Finally, applied the multivariated regression analisys to control the confusion factors. Our conclusion was that the body mass index is directed associated with the daytime sistolic ambulatory blood pressure and the 24-h sistolic ambulatory blood pressure independently from any other anthropometric variable. The height and the body mass index are directly associated to the daytime sistolic ambulatory blood pressure and the daytime average ambulatory blood pressure in this group. The waist-to-hip relation is smaller in the individuals that practice exercices regularly.

Base Teórica: A fraqueza muscular faz parte da síndrome consumptiva, que é reconhecida há longo prazo como uma característica da TB. As citocinas pró-inflamatórias são as candidatas iniciais como agentes causadoras das alterações metabólicas da TB. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a força muscular respiratória e periférica de pacientes hospitalizados com TB pulmonar e relacionar esses achados com os níveis séricos de leptina, IL-6 e TNF-α. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com coleta de dados prospectiva. Pacientes hospitalizados com diagnóstico de TB pulmonar. Foram aferidas a força máxima voluntária de preensão manual, a pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e a pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx). Sangue venoso foi coletado da região cubital para a dosagem de leptina, IL-6 e TNF-α. Resultados: Foram incluídos 36 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 37,9±16,8 anos e a maioria (69,4%) era do sexo masculino e da raça branca (55,6%). Quatorze pacientes (38,4%) eram HIV positivos. O IMC foi ≤ 18,5 kg/m2 em 15 (41,7%) pacientes. A PEmáx, PImáx e a força de preensão manual bilateral encontravam-se reduzidas na maioria dos pacientes. As mulheres e os pacientes com infiltrados pulmonares em lobos superiores na radiografia de tórax apresentaram níveis séricos maiores de leptina. Os pacientes que referiram febre e aqueles com cultura positiva para Mycobacterium tuberculosis tiveram níveis séricos mais elevados de IL-6. Também foram encontradas uma correlação positiva entre IMC e níveis séricos de leptina, e uma correlação inversa entre a idade e os níveis séricos de TNF-α. Conclusão: Identificamos uma redução da força muscular respiratória e periférica nos pacientes com TB ativa, e demonstramos uma associação entre os níveis séricos de leptina, TNF-α e IL-6 e algumas características clínicas e radiológicas. Não houve associação entre a força muscular respiratória e periférica com os níveis séricos de leptina, IL-6 e TNF-α. Estudos futuros, com um tamanho amostral maior e com um grupo controle, são necessários para elucidar esses achados. / Background: Muscle weakness is part of the wasting syndrome, which is recognized for long-term as a characteristic of TB. Proinflammatory cytokines are candidates as the initial causative agents of the metabolic changes in TB. The objective of this study is to assess the peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients hospitalized with pulmonary TB and relate these findings with leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Maximal voluntary handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured. Venous blood was collected from the cubital region for leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α dosage. Results: We included 36 patients. The mean age was 37.9 ± 16.8 years and the majority (69.4%) were male and white (55.6%). Fourteen patients (38.4%) were HIV positive. BMI was ≤ 18.5 kg / m2 in 15 (41.7%) patients. The MEP, MIP and bilateral handgrip strength were reduced in most patients. Women and patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the upper lobes on chest radiography showed higher serum leptin levels. Patients who reported fever and those with positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis had higher serum levels of IL-6. We have also found a positive correlation between BMI and serum leptin levels, and an inverse correlation between age and serum levels of TNF-α. Conclusion: We identified a reduction of peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients with active TB, and demonstrated an association between serum levels of leptin, TNF-α and IL-6 and some clinical and radiological features. There was no association between respiratory and peripheral muscle strength with leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels. Further studies with a larger sample size and a control group are needed to elucidate these findings.