abstract: In the United States, we tend to understand linguistic systems as separate and autonomous, and by this understanding, bilinguals are people who speak two different languages and switch between them.  This understanding of bilingualism, however, does not reflect the reality of the way many bilinguals use language.  Rather than “code-switch” between two languages, sociolinguists posit that many bilinguals understand their language as a single linguistic system, and choose different elements of that system in different situations, a process termed, “translanguaging.” Translanguaging provides an alternative framework for examining bilingual language as an ideological system in plays, particularly plays which use translanguaged dialogue to describe the experiences of young people who dwell on and cross borders, a category of plays I term, “Border Theatre for Young Audiences (TYA).” This descriptive study utilizes grounded theory and close reading theoretically grounded in border studies and sociolinguistic theory to determine what roles Spanish and English play in Border TYA as autonomous systems, and as pieces of a new, translanguaged system.   Playwrights of Border TYA u translanguaging as a structural metaphor for cultural negotiation to examine identity, belonging, and borders.  Translanguaging provides subaltern characters a process for communicating their experiences, examining their identities, and describing encounters with borders in their own unique linguistic system. Border TYA, however, does not exclusively translanguage.  Border TYA also incorporates monolingual dialogue and translation, and in these instances the languages, Spanish and English, function autonomously as tools for teaching audience members to recognize vocabulary and cultural experience. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Theatre 2017

Fler och fler personer arbetar på distans, i synnerhet efter covid-19 pandemin. Denna kvalitativa studie belyser HR-chefers upplevelser av distansarbetets konsekvenser för work/life balance, eftersom det inte finns tillräckligt med forskning inom detta område. Frågeställningen lyder: Hur upplever HR-chefer att distansarbete påverkar balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv? För att få svar på frågeställningen har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med tio HR-chefer. Resultatet presenteras i form av teman och underteman med tillhörande analys. I analysen har respondenternas utsagor jämförts med tidigare forskning och Sue Campbell Clarks work/family border theory, som utgör studiens ramverk. De huvudteman som identifierades genom tematisk analys är gränssättning, struktur, flexibilitet och arbetstid. Upplevelsen av distansarbetets effekter på balansen mellan arbete och privatliv är delad. För vissa är distansarbete något som underlättar vardagen och som leder till ökade möjligheter att kombinera arbete och privatliv, medan andra har svårigheter att sätta gränser mellan de båda domänerna, vilket påverkar deras välbefinnande negativt. Personliga förutsättningar såsom boende, familjesituation och personlighet verkar ha betydelse för hur väl man trivs och kan anpassa sitt liv efter distansarbete. / People are working remotely to a greater extent, especially after the covid-19 pandemic. This qualitative study sheds light on HR managers' experiences of the consequences of telework for work/life balance, as there is not enough research on this. The research question is: How do HR managers experience that telework affects the balance between work and private life? To answer this question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten HR managers. The results are presented in the form of themes and sub-themes with an associated analysis. In the analysis, the respondents' statements have been compared with previous research and Sue Campbell Clark's work/family border theory, which constitutes the framework of the study. The main themes identified through thematic analysis are boundaries, structure, flexibility and working hours. The experience of the effects of telework on the balance between work and private life is divided. For some, teleworking is something that facilitates everyday life and leads to increased opportunities to combine work and private life, while others have difficulty setting boundaries between the two domains, which negatively affects their well-being. Personal conditions such as housing, family situation and personality seem to be important for how well you feel comfortable and can adapt your life to teleworking.

This exploratory study examines the relationship between the work-life balance and organisational culture of medical doctors and nurses in Nigeria. There has been an overwhelming majority of work-life balance studies undertaken in Western countries. This leaves Africa, most notably Nigeria, an understudied area of investigations. In order to achieve this objective, this study applies a qualitative research method. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with 62 medical doctors and 29 nurses across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Drawing on the data collected, this thesis makes two important contributions to this field of research. Empirically, the study enhances the work-life balance database most especially in the specific context of Nigeria, by revealing that the traditional culture of Nigerian health organisations has an enormous influence on the employees’ abilities to use work-life balance policies and practices. In other words, there is an overarching relationship between organisational culture and the use of work-life balance policies and practices by doctors and nurses in the Nigerian health sector. The findings also reveal that Nigerian doctors and nurses struggle to cope with the demanding nature of their jobs and their aspirations to fulfil their non-work responsibilities. Theoretically, the study identifies an important shift in the construct and application of border theory. Border theory explains how employees negotiate their daily movements across work and family domains, but fails to recognise that family is by no means the only non-work duty that is important to employees. Also, border theory does not deal with factors that determine employees’ movements across the border. These shortcomings are alarming, especially now that Generation X employees (workers born after 1963) prefer work arrangements that also cater for their non-work duties and responsibilities. Following these shortcomings, and with the data collected, a work-life border control model was developed. Practically, the developed model (work-life border control model) extends work-life border theory by incorporating other non- ii working live activities including familial duties and outlines factors that determine employees’ movement across the border. Also, the findings of this study provide a valuable insight into the reality of work-life balance practices in Nigeria. This study thus provides an important and timely understanding about the working and non-working lives of Nigerian doctors and nurses and provides feasible and practicable recommendations for the relevant authorities.

abstract: Abstract On a daily basis I am bombarded with images in every walk of life. I encounter images crossing my path constantly through media such as the internet, television, magazines, radio, social media, even in the grocery store line on screens intended to capture our attention. As I drive down the roadways, I am invaded by images that at times can be distracting with their dazzling displays, attempting to get our attention and get us to consume their product or service or understand a historical meaning. In this dissertation I intend on looking at murals and two social studies textbooks to focus types of media; then construct an argument about how these media impact social studies curricula in the communities in which they are located taking into consideration race, social class, language, location, and culture. The intent is to critically analyze traditional curricula and curricula found in public pedagogy in communities located on the borderlands. I also asked local high school-aged students, teachers, artists, and activists from both sides of the border analyze the images through photo elicitation and traditional interviews. Students were interviewed with a focus on interpreted meanings of images presented. Teachers and artists were interviewed to discover their intended meanings as displayed through their production and circulation of intended meanings via lessons and the images they select or create. Activists were interviewed to discover local history, images, and history of the educational space where the artwork and schools are located. I used these data to create an argument as to how these forms of media impacts school curricula in the areas on both sides of the United States/Mexico border. The study was conducted in border cities El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Chihuahua. The ultimate goal was to look at how academics and curricula developers can use this information to decolonize curricula in the field of curricula studies. Moreover, this information can be used to create decolonized ideologies in curricula that can be used at the school sites to promote diversity and social justice for students in their schooling experience. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Curriculum and Instruction 2018

Building on Victor Villanueva and Malea Powell's research in rhetoric and writing, in my dissertation I assert that the hierarchical construction of knowledges within literatures and rhetorics has traditionally been utilized to oppress the bodies, histories, and voices of color within both disciplines. I ask that we interrogate the ways in which divisions between communities of color have been rhetorically instated and use the space created by these rifts to build alliances and communities. Centralizing my discourse within Indigenous and Chicana feminist practices, in Chapter I, I define rhetorical borders and illustrate how we can create alliances and provide the methodology for engaging the underlying rhetorics within interdisciplinary works. Practicing this methodology, in Chapter II, I utilize trickster rhetorics in my reading of Wendy Rose's The Halfbreed Chronicles to illustrate how an alliance between rhetorics and literatures facilitates an alternate reading to emerge that defies a colonial gaze and to illustrate how this methodology could be applied to other texts. In Chapter III, I juxtapose Leslie Marmon Silko's rhetorical storytelling structure exemplified in "A Geronimo Story" with Henry David Thoreau's "The Allegash and East Branch" to demonstrate how characters defy their hyperrealist constructions by enacting rhetorics of survivance to both protect people and knowledges and still have their stories heard. In Chapter IV, I argue that while initially the language barrier functions as a rhetorical border that defies history's colonial imposition in Tino Villanueva's Cronica de Mis Anos Peores, he ultimately utilizes it to both recover his childhood, memory and history, and also to create alliances with other native Spanish speakers whose own experiences will facilitate the understanding of the language used. In Chapter V, I argue that the pedagogical implications of bringing together works of literatures and rhetorics into the writing classroom will dramatically impact students' relationship to writing, storytelling, and meaning-making. My dissertation contributes significantly to both disciplines of Rhetoric & Composition and Literatures of Color by redefining the tools and rules by which we can engage a text. Additionally, my dissertation demonstrates that only through mutual use of rhetorical and literary approaches, through an interdisciplinary alliance, can we truly hear all stories.

Teleworking is a fastly developing field, but the teacher profession has not been among thosein the forefront. Due to the Coronavirus pandemic several professions, including universityteachers, have been forced into telework in order to decrease infection rates of Covid-19. Thisstudy analyzes how forced telework affects the experience of a changed work situation. Theaim is to examine how, due to the pandemic, forced telework have affected universityteachers’ experience of their work situation and work/family balance. Six qualitativeinterviews are analyzed through themes of room for action, work load, workplace support andwork/family balance by using the Command -control(-support)model and Work/FamilyBorder Theory. Level of responsibility, authority and previous technical abilities and digitalexperience are shown to be important aspects in relation to dealing with the changed workingenvironment. The balance between work and family/private life is experienced differently butyoung children and availability are two aspects which makes boundary-making harder nowcompared to before the switch to teleworking. / Distansarbete blir allt mer förekommande men läraryrket har inte varit en av de framståendeyrkesgrupperna i utvecklingen. På grund av den rådande pandemin har flera yrkesgrupper,däribland universitetslärare, tvingats till distansarbete för att bidra till minskning avsmittspridningen av Covid-19. Detta självständiga arbete undersöker hur påtvingatdistansarbete påverkar upplevelsen av en förändrad arbetssituation. Syftet med föreliggandestudie är att undersöka hur påtvingat distansarbete, i samband med pandemin, har påverkatuniversitetslärares upplevelse av dels sin arbetssituation och dels balansen mellan arbetslivoch privatliv. Sex kvalitativa intervjuer analyseras utifrån handlingsutrymme,arbetsbelastning, stöttning på arbetsplatsen samt balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv medstöd i Krav-kontroll(-stöd)modellen och Gränsteori. Grad av ansvar och befogenheter samttekniska färdigheter och digital vana är viktiga faktorer relaterat till hur situationen upplevsoch hanteras. Balansen mellan arbete och privatliv upplevs olika men små barn ochtillgänglighet är två faktorer som gör att gränsdragningen mellan arbetsliv och privatlivupplevs svårare nu jämfört med innan omställningen till distans.

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Employers' reliance on asynchronous electronic communications, connective technology devices, and remote work arrangements has led employees to feel preoccupied with staying connected after-hours to be responsive to work-related demands. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of professional workers who coped with constant pressure to monitor and immediately respond to work-related electronic communications during nonwork hours. The conceptual framework was supported by boundary and border theory and the constructs of work-life balance, flexible work arrangements, information and communication technology. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 16 professional workers near Washington, DC. Moustakas's modified van Kaam method was used to analyze, code, and organize data. Six themes emerged: mobilize or immobilize, manage expectations, safeguard personal time, work-life fusion, work engagement, and psychological outcomes. Findings revealed that professional workers felt a sense of urgency to reply to work-related e-mails and text messages outside of their regularly scheduled work hours and felt a sense of professional obligation to be available after-hours. Results may be used to shape and support positive social change through effective organizational change programs for technology-related work-life imbalances, thereby benefiting employers and employees.

Till följd av utbrottet av covid-19-pandemin gick många företag över till distansarbete. Syftet med denna studie att undersöka vilka effekter det ofrivilliga distansarbetet har haft på anställda som arbetar med agil utveckling. För att besvara detta formulerades två frågeställningar: Hur har ledare i agila team upplevt att deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö har påverkats av det påtvingade distansarbetet under Covid-19-pandemin? Samt: Hur har ledare i agila team upplevt att gränsdragningen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv har förändrats? För att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med 7 deltagare som innehar ledande positioner i agila utvecklingsteam. För att analysera det som framkom i studien användes en gränsteori samt krav-kontroll-stödmodell. Slutsatsen visar att studiedeltagarna har hög kontroll över sin arbetssituation, trots att de har behövt arbeta enligt nya arbetsmetoder. Det framkom att det finns möjligheter att få hjälp/stöd från kollegor och chef, men att det inte finns utrymme för spontanitet i lika hög grad som tidigare. De uppgav vidare att gränserna mellan arbetsliv och privatliv har suddats ut. Flera menade dock att det inte har varit något problem då de identifierar sig med sitt jobb. / As a result of the outbreak of the covid-19-pandemic, many companies switched to teleworking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of involuntary teleworking on employees working with agile development. To answer this, two questions were formulated: How have leaders in agile teams experienced that their psychosocial work environment has been affected by the forced teleworking during the Covid-19-pandemic? As well as: How have leaders in agile teams experienced that the demarcation between private life and working life has changed? To answer the questions, semistructured interviews were conducted with 7 participants who hold leading positions in agile development teams. To analyze what emerged in the study, a border-theory and job-demand-control-support model were used. The conclusion shows that the study participants have high control over their work situation, even though they have had to work according to new working methods. It emerged that there are opportunities to get help from colleagues and the manager, but that spontaneity does not exist as much as before. They further stated that the boundaries between work and private life have been blurred. However, many believe that there has been no problem as they identify with their job.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur gränslöst arbete inom fastighetsmäklarbranschen kan se ut, samt vilka upplevelser som kan finnas kring de krav på tillgänglighet och flexibilitet som yrket kan medföra. Studien bygger på ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt med sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med fastighetsmäklare i Stockholm- och Malmöområdet. Studien genomfördes utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv med en abduktiv analysmetod där resultatet har analyserats genom en tematisk analys. De teorier som studien utgår från är Anthony Giddens bidrag om modernitet och självidentitet, gränsteori och Karaseks modell om Krav-Kontroll-Stöd. Det huvudsakliga resultatet visar att det gränslösa arbetet i största grad tar sig uttryck genom den tillgänglighet som möjliggjorts av den digitala utvecklingen. Utvecklingen medför en frihet i form av flexibilitet där fastighetsmäklarna ges möjlighet att planera och strukturera sina arbetsdagar som de önskar, även om det kan medföra vissa krav och förväntningar som kan gå ut över privatlivet. / The purpose of the study is to investigate what borderless work can look like within the real estate brokerage industry, as well as what experiences there may be around the requirements for availability and flexibility that the profession can entail. The study is based on a qualitative approach with seven semi-structured interviews with real estate agents in the Stockholm and Malmö area. The study is carried out based on a hermeneutic perspective with an abductive analysis method where the results have been analyzed through a thematic analysis. The theories studied are based on Anthony Gidden's contribution on modernity and self-identity, border theory and Karasek's model on Demand-Control-Support. The main result shows that the borderless work is largely expressed through the availability made possible by digital development. The development brings a freedom in the form of flexibility where real estate agents are given the opportunity to plan and structure their working days as they wish, even if this may entail certain demands and expectations that may go beyond private life.