Ayant recours aux théories de la «surconscience linguistique», du «choc des langues» et des «zones de contact» telles que développées par Lise Gauvin, Sherry Simon et Catherine Leclerc, ce mémoire a pour objectif de développer une littérature montréalaise activée par la langue et les langues dans un contexte contemporain. S'inspirant des débats entourant la littérature anglo-québécoise, et la place accordée à l'imaginaire anglo-montréalais et à ses représentants dans l'histoire, deux romans sont analysés du point de vue des langues : La logeuse d'Eric Dupont et Heroine de Gail Scott. À la lumière d'une interdiction formulée par Gilles Marcotte dans « Neil Bissoondath disait… », célèbre brûlot qui prohibe l’analyse conjointe des littératures de langue française et anglaise, l'approche adoptée dans ce mémoire vise par l'intermédiaire des romans à dépasser les propos de Marcotte afin de créer une spécificité montréalaise orientée par des préoccupations linguistiques. Ce mémoire démontre que les propos de Gilles Marcotte sont intenables dans le contexte actuel où les langues ne sont plus une source de division, mais bien un prétexte à joindre dans un propos qui les englobe et les dépasse les corpus de langue anglaise et française dans le contexte montréalais. La logeuse et Heroine témoignent d'un imaginaire et de préoccupations linguistiques comparables et de ce fait, permettent de définir les contours d'une littérature montréalaise activée par les langues. Enfin, ce mémoire se questionne sur l'équation entre langue et culture, mais également entre littérature et culture afin qu'une langue montréalaise, à l'instar d'une littérature montréalaise, prenne forme. / Refering to the theories of Lise Gauvin, Sherry Simon and Catherine Leclerc on «linguistic superconsciousness» (surconscience linguistique), «impact of languages» (choc des langues), and « contact zones» (zones de contact), this thesis produces a Montreal literature which is based on languages, French and English, in a contemporary context. Motivated by the debates around anglo-quebec literature and anglo-quebec writers, this thesis analyses two novels from the points of view of languages : Eric Dupont's La logeuse and Gail Scott's Heroine. The main objective of this study is to show that the concept developed by Gilles Marcotte in « Neil Bissoondath disait » which forbids comparisons between French an English texts, is obsolescent following the reading of the two novels. This thesis shows that in the context of Montreal, languages can create a specificity when they are not anymore a pretext to division, but the sign of a reconciliation.

Ayant recours aux théories de la «surconscience linguistique», du «choc des langues» et des «zones de contact» telles que développées par Lise Gauvin, Sherry Simon et Catherine Leclerc, ce mémoire a pour objectif de développer une littérature montréalaise activée par la langue et les langues dans un contexte contemporain. S'inspirant des débats entourant la littérature anglo-québécoise, et la place accordée à l'imaginaire anglo-montréalais et à ses représentants dans l'histoire, deux romans sont analysés du point de vue des langues : La logeuse d'Eric Dupont et Heroine de Gail Scott. À la lumière d'une interdiction formulée par Gilles Marcotte dans « Neil Bissoondath disait… », célèbre brûlot qui prohibe l’analyse conjointe des littératures de langue française et anglaise, l'approche adoptée dans ce mémoire vise par l'intermédiaire des romans à dépasser les propos de Marcotte afin de créer une spécificité montréalaise orientée par des préoccupations linguistiques. Ce mémoire démontre que les propos de Gilles Marcotte sont intenables dans le contexte actuel où les langues ne sont plus une source de division, mais bien un prétexte à joindre dans un propos qui les englobe et les dépasse les corpus de langue anglaise et française dans le contexte montréalais. La logeuse et Heroine témoignent d'un imaginaire et de préoccupations linguistiques comparables et de ce fait, permettent de définir les contours d'une littérature montréalaise activée par les langues. Enfin, ce mémoire se questionne sur l'équation entre langue et culture, mais également entre littérature et culture afin qu'une langue montréalaise, à l'instar d'une littérature montréalaise, prenne forme. / Refering to the theories of Lise Gauvin, Sherry Simon and Catherine Leclerc on «linguistic superconsciousness» (surconscience linguistique), «impact of languages» (choc des langues), and « contact zones» (zones de contact), this thesis produces a Montreal literature which is based on languages, French and English, in a contemporary context. Motivated by the debates around anglo-quebec literature and anglo-quebec writers, this thesis analyses two novels from the points of view of languages : Eric Dupont's La logeuse and Gail Scott's Heroine. The main objective of this study is to show that the concept developed by Gilles Marcotte in « Neil Bissoondath disait » which forbids comparisons between French an English texts, is obsolescent following the reading of the two novels. This thesis shows that in the context of Montreal, languages can create a specificity when they are not anymore a pretext to division, but the sign of a reconciliation.

No description available.

The word revise means to reconsider or modify as with text. If we think of the suburban landscape as a text, the culture of each era left documentation of their values, policies and way of life in the form of transportation networks and other infrastructure, such as Main Streets, squares and public buildings. While evidence of most of the everyday life of individuals of every era gets erased by the following era, infrastructure investments of each era are adaptively reused and remain to tell the story. This thesis documents the adaptive reuse of these suburban frameworks and develops a proposition for the appropriate next layer to accommodate a new culture of inhabitants. Focusing on second generation suburbs, using Gwinnett County as a case study, this analysis identifies three problems of the current suburban situation: the problem of abandoned strips, a demographic shift, and the need for place. As new strip highways develop, old strips decline leaving abandoned shopping centers and declining property values. New development continues to move north and out of the county, and middle class residents, for which existing auto-oriented suburbs were created, move as well. A new, poorer, and more ethnically diverse population inherits the auto-oriented landscape left behind. This phenomenon is particularly concentrated along the southern portion of the Buford Highway corridor. Those with more money move closer to new development, while those with less money have less choice and are found near declining strips with fewer services, poorer quality housing and lower quality of life. Finally, county officials have expressed a desire for defining "the epicenter of Gwinnett." I believe that there is no one "center" of Gwinnett, but a series of places defined by memory, design or events. I propose to improve the situation of these three problems with a light rail line that connects existing places and creates new walkable, livable places to improve quality of life. This connective piece will serve as a social condenser in lieu of a center, provide links between polar populations, and reactivate declining strips while creating a sustainable infrastructural spine for future growth in the region.

Freeways have had a strong influence not only on the urban transportation but also on downtown areas both physically and socially. Certainly, they have extended the commuting limits of the city and made lower land costs more accessible. However, many of the mid-century freeways, once championed by planners as tools for urban renewal, have created swaths of blight through city neighborhoods. Their negative impacts on the larger urban framework requires new ideas for healthier alternatives to aid in preserving and building sustainable cities. Removal of any downtown highway requires careful thought— even more consideration than when it was built. Quick solutions are what resulted in the problems that downtown highways of the Interstate-Era have today. If it is the simple interactions between people and place are that make up the positive aspects an urban environment, then what are the possibilities and strategies for removing urban highway, which are one of the primary impediments separating people in place in contemporary cities? This question is the focus of this thesis. At its core, the removal of freeways represents a trade-off between mobility objectives and economic development objectives. Evidence from other cities’ decisions to redesign or remove their downtown highways suggests multiple benefits. Making design changes, such as to replace a downtown highway with a well-designed surface boulevard, can stimulate economic activities without necessarily causing traffic chaos. Solutions come in different shapes and sizes. The selected case studies in this thesis reflect a diversity of approaches – suggesting no single strategy exists for addressing downtown highway issues. This reflects the fact that multiple alternatives must be considered in every situation because each approach varies in costs and opportunities. A typology of highway alternations derived from the case studies includes seven different techniques: burying, demolishing, taming, capping or bridging, elevating, retaining, and relocating. The final chapter applies the conclusions from the case studies to the Downtown Connector– Interstate 75/85– in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia. Urban design and transportation planning has an emerging new set of values. Transportation planning is seeking to promote alternate modes of transportation to the private vehicle, like transit, by foot, or by bicycle. We now understand that connectivity is not served only by highways but also by urban street networks that invite modes other than just automobiles. An important role for urban design will be to shape the way these interactions are made to benefit the citizens, its urban spaces, and the economy.

At the end of the nineteenth century, St. Lawrence Boulevard, popularly known as 'the Main', attained mythical status in Montreal. Due to its particular location in the social and cultural geography of Montreal, the Main, which symbolically divides the working-class Francophone east and the Anglophone bourgeois west, has developed as a mixed-use commercial artery, an eclectic border zone of a bilingual, multi-ethnic city. The heterogeneous character of the Main is reflected in its material landscape---with its old and now largely re-used garment sweat-shops and labour halls, theatres of the red-light district, cafes, and the shops and restaurants of the mid-twentieth century immigrant shopping corridor. Shaped by the diversity of the populations that came to live, work, protest, shop or be entertained in these sites, it is an example of the social and cultural diversity of the metropolis. Such heterogeneous sites have often been interpreted as liminal spaces, but this research demonstrates that the construction and experience of the Main as a border zone have rarely been gender neutral. While physical, social and cultural heterogeneity are components of this landscape, these sites also attest to the importance of gender relations in the experience of the Main as a place of work and social life and, ultimately, as a space of representation. Its border status has often been represented through discourses and images of 'marginal' womanhood, articulated in terms of social, occupational, political, sexual and/or ethnic identity. Many of its locales, moreover, have been sites where women entered urban public life in contentious and distinctive ways. / As a place that highlights the social and cultural heterogeneity of a supposedly 'divided' city, the Main is an ideal site from which to explore how ethnicity, language, class, occupation and sexual identity intersect with gender in the experience and representation of urban life. This thesis examines how a multiplicity of female gender identities have been defined and contested along the Main over the past century. It contributes to a broad literature on geographies of gender, difference and urban public cultures through an analysis of the relationships between feminist spatial metaphors and the material production of urban space. Through a series of events that move through time and sections of St. Lawrence, I examine how portions of the landscape of this boulevard have been marked by the enactment of specific sets of gender relations and forms of representation that became central to civic debates regarding gender. I argue that the construction and experience of the Main as a border zone has involved the production of specific relations of gender, alterity and space. / A variety of qualitative methods and archival sources are used to illustrate the importance of representations of gender to the production of this place and to illustrate how women have experienced and made use of material sites to express their specific occupational, cultural, religious, social or sexual identities. This thesis demonstrates the crucial role played by the border zones of urban public cultures in the construction of female identities that depart from dominant gender norms in the expression of social, cultural and sexual differences.

Este trabalho averigua as relações entre o desempenho do poder público municipal na aprovação de novos empreendimentos urbanos, e a qualificação de seus projetos, analisando se o projeto aprovado agrega melhorias urbanas à cidade como um todo. A partir dos conceitos de cidade, de planejamento e de gestão urbanos, obtém-se melhor compreensão dos processos de densificação e expansão das cidades. A efetivação do planejamento e da gestão, através da aprovação de novas frentes de urbanização, resulta em intervenções no território metropolitano, de forma diferenciada, a partir das estruturas e dinâmicas municipais adotadas. Como ferramentas necessárias à consecução do objetivo, adotaram-se duas linhas de análise concernentes ao planejamento e gestão urbanos: o desempenho municipal e a qualidade urbana do projeto. Para cada uma destas linhas, foram selecionados indicadores e aspectos representativos do tema proposto. A pesquisa priorizou dois estudos de caso referentes aos empreendimentos urbanos denominados Centro Novo e Boulevard Germânia, localizados nos municípios de Eldorado do Sul e Novo Hamburgo, respectivamente. Confirmaram-se as hipóteses previstas, de “que o desempenho público municipal, tem uma implicação direta na maior ou menor qualificação da cidade” e de “que este desempenho pode ser comprovado por um conjunto de indicadores”. Estes elementos caracterizam as técnicas e as bases utilizadas, que se refletem na qualidade dos projetos e no conjunto de medidas compensatórias e mitigadoras de seus impactos. Os resultados obtidos permitem validar a metodologia adotada, bem como a acertada escolha dos indicadores. Indiscutível não reconhecer que uma Administração Municipal bem estruturada, com legislação atualizada, procedimentos estabelecidos, corpo técnico capacitado, interação com a comunidade e parcerias constituídas, obtém melhores resultados em relação aos demais municípios. Fica evidenciada a necessidade de que a solicitação de diretrizes, por parte do empreendedor, seja feita previamente à elaboração do projeto urbanístico, o que reduziria o prazo de tramitação referente ao empreendimento, além de diminuir a pressão junto às instâncias de licenciamento e aprovação. Ratifica-se a importância da esfera estadual no processo de qualificação dos projetos e a necessidade de maior integração intra-estadual e entre os poderes estadual e municipal. Fica a recomendação de que sejam incentivados estudos e pesquisas que tornem o trabalho mais abrangente em termos espaciais, possibilitando ampliação e maior aprofundamento dos indicadores selecionados. / This work inquires the relations between the performance of the municipal public administration in the approval of new urban enterprises, and the qualification of its projects, analyzing if the approved project adds urban improvements to the city as a whole. From the city concepts, of urban planning and management, it gets better understanding of the densification and expansion processes of the cities. The efectivity of the planning and the management, through the approval of new fronts of urbanization, results in interventions in the metropolitan territory, of differentiated form, from adopted municipal structures and dynamics. As necessary tools to the achievement of the objective, two lines of analysis that concern to the urban planning and management had been adopted: the municipal performance and the urban quality of the project. For each one of these lines, representative aspects and indicators had been selected for the subject. The research prioritized two referring studies of case to the urban enterprises called Centro Novo and Boulevard Germania, located in the cities of Eldorado do Sul and Novo Hamburgo, respectively. The foreseen hypotheses had been confirmed, of “that the municipal public performance, has a direct implication in the greater or smaller qualification of the city” and of “that this performance can be proved by a set of pointers”. These elements characterize the used techniques and bases that reflect themselves in the quality of the projects and in the set of compensatory and decreased measures of their impacts. The gotten results allow to valitade the methodology adopted, as well as the right choice of the pointers. Unquestionable not to recognize that a Municipal Administration structuralized, with brought up to date legislation, established procedures, enabled technician body, interaction with the community and partnerships, gets better results in relation with many cities. It is evidenced the necessity of the request of lines of direction, on the part of the entrepreneur, either made previously to the elaboration of the urbanistic project, what it would reduce the transaction stated period referring to the enterprise, besides reducing the pressure next to the instances of licensing and approval. It is ratified the importance of the state sphere in the process of qualification of the projects and the necessity of bigger intra-state integration and between the state and municipal powers. The recommendation is stimulated studies and researches that becomes the work most including in space terms, making possible magnifying and greater deepening of the selected pointers.

Este trabalho averigua as relações entre o desempenho do poder público municipal na aprovação de novos empreendimentos urbanos, e a qualificação de seus projetos, analisando se o projeto aprovado agrega melhorias urbanas à cidade como um todo. A partir dos conceitos de cidade, de planejamento e de gestão urbanos, obtém-se melhor compreensão dos processos de densificação e expansão das cidades. A efetivação do planejamento e da gestão, através da aprovação de novas frentes de urbanização, resulta em intervenções no território metropolitano, de forma diferenciada, a partir das estruturas e dinâmicas municipais adotadas. Como ferramentas necessárias à consecução do objetivo, adotaram-se duas linhas de análise concernentes ao planejamento e gestão urbanos: o desempenho municipal e a qualidade urbana do projeto. Para cada uma destas linhas, foram selecionados indicadores e aspectos representativos do tema proposto. A pesquisa priorizou dois estudos de caso referentes aos empreendimentos urbanos denominados Centro Novo e Boulevard Germânia, localizados nos municípios de Eldorado do Sul e Novo Hamburgo, respectivamente. Confirmaram-se as hipóteses previstas, de “que o desempenho público municipal, tem uma implicação direta na maior ou menor qualificação da cidade” e de “que este desempenho pode ser comprovado por um conjunto de indicadores”. Estes elementos caracterizam as técnicas e as bases utilizadas, que se refletem na qualidade dos projetos e no conjunto de medidas compensatórias e mitigadoras de seus impactos. Os resultados obtidos permitem validar a metodologia adotada, bem como a acertada escolha dos indicadores. Indiscutível não reconhecer que uma Administração Municipal bem estruturada, com legislação atualizada, procedimentos estabelecidos, corpo técnico capacitado, interação com a comunidade e parcerias constituídas, obtém melhores resultados em relação aos demais municípios. Fica evidenciada a necessidade de que a solicitação de diretrizes, por parte do empreendedor, seja feita previamente à elaboração do projeto urbanístico, o que reduziria o prazo de tramitação referente ao empreendimento, além de diminuir a pressão junto às instâncias de licenciamento e aprovação. Ratifica-se a importância da esfera estadual no processo de qualificação dos projetos e a necessidade de maior integração intra-estadual e entre os poderes estadual e municipal. Fica a recomendação de que sejam incentivados estudos e pesquisas que tornem o trabalho mais abrangente em termos espaciais, possibilitando ampliação e maior aprofundamento dos indicadores selecionados. / This work inquires the relations between the performance of the municipal public administration in the approval of new urban enterprises, and the qualification of its projects, analyzing if the approved project adds urban improvements to the city as a whole. From the city concepts, of urban planning and management, it gets better understanding of the densification and expansion processes of the cities. The efectivity of the planning and the management, through the approval of new fronts of urbanization, results in interventions in the metropolitan territory, of differentiated form, from adopted municipal structures and dynamics. As necessary tools to the achievement of the objective, two lines of analysis that concern to the urban planning and management had been adopted: the municipal performance and the urban quality of the project. For each one of these lines, representative aspects and indicators had been selected for the subject. The research prioritized two referring studies of case to the urban enterprises called Centro Novo and Boulevard Germania, located in the cities of Eldorado do Sul and Novo Hamburgo, respectively. The foreseen hypotheses had been confirmed, of “that the municipal public performance, has a direct implication in the greater or smaller qualification of the city” and of “that this performance can be proved by a set of pointers”. These elements characterize the used techniques and bases that reflect themselves in the quality of the projects and in the set of compensatory and decreased measures of their impacts. The gotten results allow to valitade the methodology adopted, as well as the right choice of the pointers. Unquestionable not to recognize that a Municipal Administration structuralized, with brought up to date legislation, established procedures, enabled technician body, interaction with the community and partnerships, gets better results in relation with many cities. It is evidenced the necessity of the request of lines of direction, on the part of the entrepreneur, either made previously to the elaboration of the urbanistic project, what it would reduce the transaction stated period referring to the enterprise, besides reducing the pressure next to the instances of licensing and approval. It is ratified the importance of the state sphere in the process of qualification of the projects and the necessity of bigger intra-state integration and between the state and municipal powers. The recommendation is stimulated studies and researches that becomes the work most including in space terms, making possible magnifying and greater deepening of the selected pointers.

Este trabalho averigua as relações entre o desempenho do poder público municipal na aprovação de novos empreendimentos urbanos, e a qualificação de seus projetos, analisando se o projeto aprovado agrega melhorias urbanas à cidade como um todo. A partir dos conceitos de cidade, de planejamento e de gestão urbanos, obtém-se melhor compreensão dos processos de densificação e expansão das cidades. A efetivação do planejamento e da gestão, através da aprovação de novas frentes de urbanização, resulta em intervenções no território metropolitano, de forma diferenciada, a partir das estruturas e dinâmicas municipais adotadas. Como ferramentas necessárias à consecução do objetivo, adotaram-se duas linhas de análise concernentes ao planejamento e gestão urbanos: o desempenho municipal e a qualidade urbana do projeto. Para cada uma destas linhas, foram selecionados indicadores e aspectos representativos do tema proposto. A pesquisa priorizou dois estudos de caso referentes aos empreendimentos urbanos denominados Centro Novo e Boulevard Germânia, localizados nos municípios de Eldorado do Sul e Novo Hamburgo, respectivamente. Confirmaram-se as hipóteses previstas, de “que o desempenho público municipal, tem uma implicação direta na maior ou menor qualificação da cidade” e de “que este desempenho pode ser comprovado por um conjunto de indicadores”. Estes elementos caracterizam as técnicas e as bases utilizadas, que se refletem na qualidade dos projetos e no conjunto de medidas compensatórias e mitigadoras de seus impactos. Os resultados obtidos permitem validar a metodologia adotada, bem como a acertada escolha dos indicadores. Indiscutível não reconhecer que uma Administração Municipal bem estruturada, com legislação atualizada, procedimentos estabelecidos, corpo técnico capacitado, interação com a comunidade e parcerias constituídas, obtém melhores resultados em relação aos demais municípios. Fica evidenciada a necessidade de que a solicitação de diretrizes, por parte do empreendedor, seja feita previamente à elaboração do projeto urbanístico, o que reduziria o prazo de tramitação referente ao empreendimento, além de diminuir a pressão junto às instâncias de licenciamento e aprovação. Ratifica-se a importância da esfera estadual no processo de qualificação dos projetos e a necessidade de maior integração intra-estadual e entre os poderes estadual e municipal. Fica a recomendação de que sejam incentivados estudos e pesquisas que tornem o trabalho mais abrangente em termos espaciais, possibilitando ampliação e maior aprofundamento dos indicadores selecionados. / This work inquires the relations between the performance of the municipal public administration in the approval of new urban enterprises, and the qualification of its projects, analyzing if the approved project adds urban improvements to the city as a whole. From the city concepts, of urban planning and management, it gets better understanding of the densification and expansion processes of the cities. The efectivity of the planning and the management, through the approval of new fronts of urbanization, results in interventions in the metropolitan territory, of differentiated form, from adopted municipal structures and dynamics. As necessary tools to the achievement of the objective, two lines of analysis that concern to the urban planning and management had been adopted: the municipal performance and the urban quality of the project. For each one of these lines, representative aspects and indicators had been selected for the subject. The research prioritized two referring studies of case to the urban enterprises called Centro Novo and Boulevard Germania, located in the cities of Eldorado do Sul and Novo Hamburgo, respectively. The foreseen hypotheses had been confirmed, of “that the municipal public performance, has a direct implication in the greater or smaller qualification of the city” and of “that this performance can be proved by a set of pointers”. These elements characterize the used techniques and bases that reflect themselves in the quality of the projects and in the set of compensatory and decreased measures of their impacts. The gotten results allow to valitade the methodology adopted, as well as the right choice of the pointers. Unquestionable not to recognize that a Municipal Administration structuralized, with brought up to date legislation, established procedures, enabled technician body, interaction with the community and partnerships, gets better results in relation with many cities. It is evidenced the necessity of the request of lines of direction, on the part of the entrepreneur, either made previously to the elaboration of the urbanistic project, what it would reduce the transaction stated period referring to the enterprise, besides reducing the pressure next to the instances of licensing and approval. It is ratified the importance of the state sphere in the process of qualification of the projects and the necessity of bigger intra-state integration and between the state and municipal powers. The recommendation is stimulated studies and researches that becomes the work most including in space terms, making possible magnifying and greater deepening of the selected pointers.

The topic of the diploma thesis is the design of a new Brno main railway station in the position "The River" (Ac), which was selected from several variants of the reconstruction of the Brno railway junction (ŽUB). The aim of this work is to create an architectural and urban concept, the function of which will be an important contribution to the development of the city of Brno, improving the traffic situation and comfort of the general public or residents of the new adjacent district Trnitá. The solved area is located in the cadastral area of Komárov, Štýřice and Trnitá. The height dominant is represented here by the Europoint building (115 meters). It is located in the axis of the new boulevard, at the other end of which we can see the picturesque Petrov. The main entrance glass hall is adjacent to Europoint. Public facilities are located in the front station area. North of Europoint, it is a smaller building with the function of start-up workshops and offices. Towards the river there are the pre-station square and the public transport terminal. The last building is a hotel with leisure activities. The end of the pre-station area by the river is designed with a park arrangement. It is important to connect to the bike path leading along the river. The river is widened at this point and a smaller accessible island is inserted into it. The new railway body is determined by the binding base of SŽDC, which contains the track on the embankment and on the bridge structure at the level of 7,1 meters above the level of the surrounding terrain. The solved part is bounded by two embankments, which will probably be created as massive reinforced concrete walls. The bridge structure lying between these embankments has dimensions of approximately 154x368 meters, which corresponds to the area of 8 football fields. The bridge deck will be drawn on columns of the given raster. The basic principle in the design of the new main station is simplicity, readability and functionality.