Sistemas de Transportes Inteligentes representam um imenso impacto social e aos poucos tem modificado o paradigma de mobilidade atual. Desde a década de 80, veículos autônomos vêm sendo desenvolvidos e estudados pela comunidade científica e hoje atrai o interesse de grandes empresas automobilísticas. Esses sistemas têm como objetivo a redução do número de acidentes de trânsito, aumento da eficiência dos transportes e inclusão social, sendo que neste contexto surge o projeto CaRINA. Através do desenvolvimento de uma plataforma robótica móvel pretende-se realizar a navegação completamente autônoma em ambiente urbano. Contudo, os experimentos realizados com a plataforma real são custosos, demorados e perigosos. A logística dos testes é complexa, uma vez que necessitam de local apropriado e disponibilidade de recursos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma arquitetura de simulação para veículos autônomos que seja capaz de realizar experimentos em laboratório e facilite a portabilidade dos programas desenvolvidos em simulação para o veículo real. A flexibilidade da arquitetura do simulador também permite realizar experimentos utilizando múltiplos veículos. / Intelligent Transportation Systems represent a huge social impact and has gradually modified the current mobility paradigm. Since the1980s, autonomous vehicles have been developed and investigated by the scientific community and today attracts the interest of major automotive companies. These systems aims to reduce the number of traffic accidents, increase the transports efficiency and social inclusion, in this context the CaRINA project started. Through the development of amobile robotic platformis intended to performa fully autonomous navigation in urban environments. However, the experiments with the platform are costly, time-consuming and dangerous. The logistics of the tests are complex, since that require the appropriate location and availability of resources. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to develop a simulation architecture for autonomous vehicles to be able to perform experiments in the laboratory and to facilitate the portability of programs developed in simulation to the real vehicle. The flexibility of the simulator architecture also allows to perform experiments using multiple vehicles.

I denna studie undersöker jag Carina Rydbergs skildring av "dålig" sexualitet. Jag gör en närläsning av Rydbergs roman Månaderna utan R. Läsningen utgår från Michel Foucaults och Jacques Derridas dekonstruktionsteorier samt från Judith Butlers genusteorier. Jag undersöker huruvida romanen kan läsas som gotisk, huruvida Rydberg kan sägas luckra upp gränsen mellan "god" och "dålig" sexualitet, samt huruvida hon skildrar sadomasochistiska kvinnor som subjekt. Jag kommer fram till att Rydberg kan sägas luckra upp gränsen mellan "god" och "dålig" sexualitet och att hon, genom att skildra sadomasochistiska kvinnor som subjekt, stör könade sexualitetsnormer. Häri ligger Rydbergs subversiva potential. Detta betraktar jag som en aspekt av den gotiska tradition som Månaderna utan R kan sägas tillhöra.

The way we socialize today is radically different from how it was only twenty years ago. Since the arrival of the Internet more and more of what we know about the lives of our friends comes from text-based social networks, or blogs. This means that we all, more or less, have become authors of our own life stories and that the reality we live in have become fictionalized. In this paper I explore what effects this postmodern process of dissolving boundaries has had on the autobiographical genre, where the line between fiction and reality is traditionally stressed. By analysing Carina Rydberg’s (b. 1962) autobiographical novel Djävulsformeln (2000) I reveal how the autobiographical genre has evolved during the postmodernist era and how Philippe Lejeune’s autobiographical contract now commonly is replaced by a double contract (Poul Behrendt). This means that the contemporary autobiographical novel claims to be both a true story and made up, or, as Christian Lenemark calls it, true lies. To understand the mixed signals about whether the literary text is fiction or a true story the contemporary reader turns to the media and therefore authors more and more often choose to comment on and explain their works in interviews and articles to regain some control over how the text is perceived, thus overstepping the boundary of fiction. We have, as Lenemark puts it, a medialization of the role of the author. With the distinction between what is a depiction of reality and what is fiction, in a state of dissolution the traditional genre classifications have become dated. My claim is that the boundary between fiction and reality has imploded as an effect of the post- modern process and that readers today, like cultural consumers in general, look for "the real thing" but want a better reality than the one they get in real life. Traditional classifications like "autobiography", "reality" and "fiction" thereby no longer apply to contemporary literature.

Sistemas de Transportes Inteligentes representam um imenso impacto social e aos poucos tem modificado o paradigma de mobilidade atual. Desde a década de 80, veículos autônomos vêm sendo desenvolvidos e estudados pela comunidade científica e hoje atrai o interesse de grandes empresas automobilísticas. Esses sistemas têm como objetivo a redução do número de acidentes de trânsito, aumento da eficiência dos transportes e inclusão social, sendo que neste contexto surge o projeto CaRINA. Através do desenvolvimento de uma plataforma robótica móvel pretende-se realizar a navegação completamente autônoma em ambiente urbano. Contudo, os experimentos realizados com a plataforma real são custosos, demorados e perigosos. A logística dos testes é complexa, uma vez que necessitam de local apropriado e disponibilidade de recursos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma arquitetura de simulação para veículos autônomos que seja capaz de realizar experimentos em laboratório e facilite a portabilidade dos programas desenvolvidos em simulação para o veículo real. A flexibilidade da arquitetura do simulador também permite realizar experimentos utilizando múltiplos veículos. / Intelligent Transportation Systems represent a huge social impact and has gradually modified the current mobility paradigm. Since the1980s, autonomous vehicles have been developed and investigated by the scientific community and today attracts the interest of major automotive companies. These systems aims to reduce the number of traffic accidents, increase the transports efficiency and social inclusion, in this context the CaRINA project started. Through the development of amobile robotic platformis intended to performa fully autonomous navigation in urban environments. However, the experiments with the platform are costly, time-consuming and dangerous. The logistics of the tests are complex, since that require the appropriate location and availability of resources. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to develop a simulation architecture for autonomous vehicles to be able to perform experiments in the laboratory and to facilitate the portability of programs developed in simulation to the real vehicle. The flexibility of the simulator architecture also allows to perform experiments using multiple vehicles.

Doctor en Ciencias, Mención Astronomía / En este trabajo presento un estudio acerca de la historia de formación estelar de galaxias del Grupo Local y su aplicación para el caso de la galaxia enana esferoidal, Carina. La primera sección de este trabajo presenta un cat ́alogo de alta precisión de satélites del Halo externo de la Vía Láctea. Este catálogo va a proveer información muy importante acerca de los parámetros estructurales y poblaciones estelares de los satélites de la Vía Láctea. Esta tesis también presenta el estudio de estrellas azules rezagadas encontradas en satélites de la Vía Láctea. Con esta información en mano derivamos una técnica para discriminar entre el número de estrellas azules rezagadas y el numero de estrellas jóvenes. Esta técnica ayudará significativamente a derivar fracciones de estrellas jovenes sin el sesgo que producen las azules rezagadas, al momento de derivar las historias de formación estelar. Luego, presento nuestro método para derivar la historia de formacion estelar, llamado Talos. Esta rutina presenta varias ventajas con respecto a otras implementaciones, principalmente porque usa la informacion de todas las regiones del CMD, usa también la distribución de metalicidad del sistema como input y por tanto no es necesario hacer suposiciones previas acerca de la relación entre la metalicidad y la edad, y finalmente porque considera varias propiedades de los datos observados al momento de construir los modelos sintéticos, y de esta forma estos modelos son directamente comparables con los datos. Finalmente presento mi implementación de la rutina Talos para derivar la historia de formación estelar espacialmente resuelta de la galaxia enana esferoidal Carina. Gracias a la alta calidad de los datos usados, las ventajas del método usado para derivar la historia de formación estelar y la implementación de nuestra técnica para disciminar entre estrellas azules rezagadas y estrellas jóvenes, los resultados aquí presentados alcanzan una altísima precisión con respecto a trabajos previos. En este trabajo pudimos descifrar que la población de estrellas jóvenes comúnmente encontradas en Carina, son en realidad estrellas azules rezagadas que han sido mal clasificadas. A partir de los resultados obtenidos concluimos que la formación estelar de Carina está dominada por un proceso de evolucin interna, y no por la influencia de marea que le ejerce la Vía Láctea, como mayoritariamente se concluye acerca de esta galaxia.

Master of Science / Department of Geology / George R. Clark II / Conulariids are one of the most enigmatic groups of fossil organisms, and have been stimulating debates since the late 19th century. Many major questions remain; for example, three independent researchers (Babcock and Feldman, 1986b; Oliver and Coates, 1987; Van Iten, 1992b) reported three different mineralogies for the conulariid test within a six-year period, and are not known to have reached an agreement. Conulariid morphology is also debated, and many workers seem unable to agree on the basic architecture of the test or how it grows. Conulariid workers have also attempted to determine the taxonomic classification of conulariids, especially whether they have cnidarian affinities or occupy their own phylum. My work attempts to clarify some of these issues, as well as determine whether any morphological variation exists within single species of conulariids in different paleoenvironments. To this end, I have collected and prepared specimens for examination by scanning electron microscopy, transmitted polarized light microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrophotometery, and x-ray defractometry. Results include evidence for the presence of organic matrix in the conulariid test microstructure, the presence of three types of lamellae in the test, and support for carbonate-rich apatite [Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,F)] mineralogy. Details of the test microstructure add further support for a coronatid scyphozoan affinity. The conulariid species examined here displayed no microstructural or mineralogical variation between different paleoenvironments (unless two of the species are actually environmental varieties, which seem unlikely).

Massive OB stars are very influential objects in the ecology of galaxies like our own. Current catalogues of Galactic OB stars are heavily biased towards bright (g < 13) objects, only typically including fainter objects when found in prominent star clusters (Garmany et al., 1982; Reed, 2003; Maíz-Apellániz et al., 2004). Exploitation of the VST Photometric Hα Survey (VPHAS+) allows us to build a robust catalogue of photometrically-selected OB stars across the entire Southern Galactic plane, both within clusters and in the field, down to ~20th magnitude in g. For the first time, a complete accounting of the OB star runaway phenomenon becomes possible. Along with making the primary selection using VPHAS+ colours, I have performed Markov-Chain Monte Carlo fitting of the spectral energy distributions of the selected stars by combining VPHAS+ u, g, r, i with published J, H, K photometry. This gives rough constraints on effective temperature and distance, whilst delivering much more precise reddening parameters A0 and RV - allowing us to build a much richer picture of how extinction and extinction laws vary across the Galactic Plane. My thesis begins with a description of the method of photometric selection of OB star candidates and its validation across a 2 square degree field including the well- known young massive star cluster Westerlund 2 (Mohr-Smith et al., 2015)1. Following on from this I present spectroscopy with AAOmega of 283 candidates identified by our method, which confirms that ~ 94% of the sample are the expected O and early B stars. I then develop this method further and apply it to a Galactic Plane strip of 42 square-degrees that runs from the Carina Arm tangent region to the much studied massive cluster in NGC 3603. A new aspect I attend to in this expansion of method is tightening up the uniform photometric calibration of the data, paying particular attention to the always-challenging u band. This leads to a new and reliable catalogue of 5915 OB stars. As well as increasing the numbers of identified massive stars in this large region of the sky by nearly an order of magnitude, a more complete picture of massive star formation in the Carina Arm has emerged. I have found a broad over-density of O stars around the highly luminous cluster NGC 3603 and have uncovered two new candidate OB clusters/associations. I have also paired up the ionization sources of a number of HII regions catalogued by the RMS survey. It is also shown that the OB star scale- height can serve as a roughly standard ruler, leading to the result that the OB star layer shows the onset of warping at RG ~ 10kpc. My results confirm that this entire region requires a non-standard (3.5 < RV < 4.0) reddening law for distances greater than ~2kpc. The methods developed in this study are ready to roll out across the rest of the VPHAS+ footprint that has been observed to date. This extension will take in a strip ~ ±2 degrees across the entire Southern Galactic mid-plane (a sky area of over 700 square degrees), within which we expect to find the majority of massive OB stars. This will result in the largest catalogue of Galactic OB stars to date.

El óptimo desarrollo de las adaptaciones para la obtención de los alimentos en los colibríes, se caracteriza por la correlación de sus estructuras morfológicas, las cuales definen así su ecomorfología. Se analizaron algunas medidas morfológicas del cráneo y el esternón de 79 especímenes de colibríes de la subfamilia Phaethornithinae: Phaethornis superciliosus, P. hispidus, P. philippi, P. bourcieri, Eutoxeres condamini, Glaucis hirsutus y Threnetes leucurus y 36 especímenes de la subfamilia Trochilinae: Campylopterus largipennis, Florisuga mellivora, Thalurania furcata, Leucippus chlorocercus y Amazilia lactea, procedentes de la cuenca amazónica peruana; algunos especímenes estuvieron depositados en la colección Ornitológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Ricardo Palma (MHNURP-O) (Lima-Perú), otros depositados Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad – CORBIDI (Lima-Perú) y otros en el Louisiana Museum of Natural History (LMNHZ) (Louisiana-Estados unidos de Norte América). El Análisis de Componentes Principales de las variables mostró diferencias y similitudes en los índices de correlación entre las medidas del cráneo, del esternón y entre las medidas de estas dos estructuras morfológicas. Así, se evidenció que la variable del ángulo del pico, en Phaethornithinae, está fuertemente correlacionada con las medidas del cráneo, pero no en Trochilinae; en cambio, la variable largo de pico, en Trochilinae, se correlaciono fuertemente con las medidas del cráneo y esternón pero no en Phaethornithinae. Además, Phaethornithinae mostró un alto índice de correlación entre las medidas post-orbital con pre-orbital, pre-orbital con altura de la carina sterni y largo de la base de la carina sterni con ancho de la carina sterni; mientras que, Trochilinae mostró mayor índice de correlación entre post-orbital con inter-orbital, inserción del pico con el ancho del foramen sterni y largo de la base de la carina sterni con ancho de la carina sterni. El análisis de estas variables ayudó a entender las diferencias y similitudes entre ambas subfamilias, así mismo el entorno y rol ecológico para su adaptación.The optimal development of the adaptations of hummingbirds to obtain their food, is characterized by the correlation of their morphological structures, which define their eco-morphology. They were analyzed some morphological measurements of the skull and sternum from 79 specimens of the subfamily Phaethornithinae: Phaethornis superciliosus, P. hispidus, P. philippii, P. bourcieri, Eutoxeres condamini, Glaucis hirsutus and Threnetes leucurus and 36 specimens of the subfamily Trochilinae: Campylopterus largipennis, Florisuga mellivora, Thalurania furcata, Leucippus chlorocercus, and Amazilia lactea, from the Peruvian Amazon, some of which are deposited in the collection of the Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Ricardo Palma (MHNURP) (Lima-Peru), others in the Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad - CORBIDI (Lima-Peru) and others deposited at the Louisiana Museum of Natural History (LMNHZ) (Louisiana-USA). The ACP of the morphological measurements showed differences between the correlations of the skull and sternum between subfamilies and sexes. The variable angle of bill was the one that strongly influenced the correlations of the others variables of the skull for all the species of Phaethornithinae sub-family but strongly in their females, meanwhile the variable length of bill influenced on the correlations of other variables from the skull and sternum for all the species of Trochilinae sub-family, and the length and angle of bill characterized strongly for their females. Males of both subfamilies were strongly characterized by the sternum measurements, and even they showed strong correlations between the length of the carina sterni basis and its area, indicating that this correlation is a strong characteristic for all the Trochilidae Family.The influence of these variables allowed the development of osteo-morphological differentiation, which were determined by their environment and some other evidences on their ecological role studies.

The purpose of the study is to examine how female and male guests are portrayed in two talk shows that belong to public service, Carina Bergfeldt, and Skavlan. Research questions including examining characteristics, topics and roles of the various guests are also applied in the talk shows. The theories applied are framing, gender and discourse to answer the questions of the study. The primary issue aims to find out how the two talk shows differ due to studying gender equality and media representation.  The method is a critical discourse analysis that examines how language is used concerning power relations between the sexes. The study results show that the two tv programs differ in several ways, but they are also similar in others. In one of the talk shows, women and men are assigned roles that agree with the gender stereotypes that exist today. In the program Skavlan, women talk about emotions while men get questions related to their careers. Stereotypical characteristics also occur. The topics covered in the interviews also differ; some even agree well with typical gender stereotypes. The study's conclusion discusses how the primary question has been answered or not. Using the study's theories, they have explained how the two talk shows, Carina Bergfeldt and Skavlan, differ. In summary, this study has contributed to further knowledge about gender in television and how women and men are portrayed. Also, how a female presenter and male select and formulate their interview questions. There is a clear difference between the two talk shows, but they are also similar in many ways.

Detta är en analys av hur mobbning gestaltas i två bilderböcker. Skolverket (2019) skriver att skolan ska se till att ingen människa blir utsatt för diskriminering, förtryck eller kränkande behandling och ett hjälpmedel läraren kan använda sig av i klassrummet för att förebygga mobbning är bilderboken (s.10). Mitt syfte är att analysera mobbningen som gestaltas ur olika synvinklar i de två bilderböckerna. Genom min frågeställning har jag först svarat på vilken sorts mobbning som är mest förekommande och sedan hur samspelet mellan bild och text gestaltas i dessa mobbningssituationer. Utöver detta analyseras den tredje frågeställningen som handlar om hur de vuxna agerar i mobbningssituationerna. Även hur karaktärernas trivsel i skolan och i hemmet påverkas av mobbningen. Hur jag har besvarat mitt syfte är genom att huvudsakligen analyserat bilden och texten och samspelet mellan dem när jag analyserat mina frågeställningar. Det har jag gjort genom att ha använt mig av BRIS (u.å.) kategoriseringar av psykisk, verbal och fysisk mobbning samt Maria Nikolajevas (2000) kategorier om samspelet mellan bild och text och hennes personbeskrivningar av karaktärer. Resultatet visar att det främst förekommer psykisk mobbning i Ingen vill vara med Elin och fysisk mobbning i Rädda Vilda/Rädda Molly. Den ena bilderboken har främst ett kompletterande samspel mellan bild och text och den andra ett symmetriskt. Föräldrarna i bilderböckerna får aldrig reda på att någon mobbning förekom och kan därför inte agera. Det är en öppen tolkningsfråga om lärarna ser mer än vad de agerar efter där de antingen inte kan agera eller väljer att inte göra det. Resultatet visar även att huvudkaraktärernas trivsel inte bara påverkar deras mående i skolan utan även i hemmet som påverkade karaktärerna psykiskt och fysiskt. Till vidare forskning hade det varit intressant att undersöka varför de vuxna karaktärerna gestaltas som de gör och varför författare från min studie samt från tidigare forskning väljer att gestaltas de vuxna som icke agerande i de mobbningssituationer som sker.