Jahresüberblick 1996 Zentrale Rechner-Pools - aktueller Stand der Nutzung, Bereitstellung neuer Pools im Jahre 1997 Windows NT im PC-Pool ¨Dissertationen online¨ - ein Tagungsbericht (Archivierungssystem) Datennetzausbau 1997 Neue CD-ROM im Netz - das Telefonbuch von Deutschland

Abstrakt (svenska) Bakgrund: Piratkopieringen bara ökar och ökar. Program-, spel- och musikbranschen har idag stora problem. En i stort sett okunnig användare kan fixa en nyutgiven skiva innan den nått butikerna på grund av piratkopieringen. Detta problem möjliggörs genom att ingen bra lösning finns i form av fungerande kopieringsskydd samt att fildelningstjänsterna får stort spelrum. Vi går in specifikt och undersöker musikbranschen. Syfte: Fördjupa oss i begreppet piratkopiering. Vidare vill vi upplysa och informera såväl musikbranschen som användare om problemet och dess framtid. Vi hoppas att det resultat vi kommer fram till kan ge underlag för vidare forskning. Metod: Vår information har tagits från artiklar på Internet samt från litteratur vi ansett vara aktuell. Telefonintervjuer har skett med Magnus Mårtensson, IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), programjuristen Anna Burén på Sveriges Radio, Per Sandin, General manager EMI marketing samt ett flertal Internetleverantörer. Vi har dessutom sammanställt en enkät som besvarats av en mängd personer. Resultat: Många av gårdagens skivköpare anser att priset för en CD-skiva är för dyrt idag. Man har upptäckt piratkopieringen med dess obegränsade funktioner samt insett hur lätt det är att få tag på gratis musik utan repressalier, vilket beror på den idag vaga och ej alltför avskräckande lagstiftningen. Musikbolagen förlorar pengar och höjer därmed priserna för skivorna samtidigt som de aktivt arbetar för att hitta det perfekta kopieringsskyddet eller för att komma på någon annan strålande lösning. Framtiden ser oviss ut och för tillfället har piratkopierarna och fildelningstjänsterna trumf på hand. Nyckelord: Mp3, CD, Kopieringsskydd, Fildelningstjänster, Upphovsrätt och Musikintressenter. / Abstract (English) Background: Illegal copying increases rapidly. Software-, game- and music industry are experiencing troubled times at the moment. Today, a practically ignorant person would have no problems to get hold of a newly published record before it reaches the stores because of the illegal copying. This problem is made possible due to that no good solution exists. Copy protection isn’t good enough and peer-to-peer-networks are bigger than ever. In this work we will examine specifically the music industry. Purpose: We will specialize in the term of illegal copying. Further we want to enlight and inform the music industry as well as the users of the problem and it´s future. We hope the result we will achieve can be a foundation for further research. Realization: We have gathered our information from articles on the Internet and also from updated literature. Interviews were made over the phone with Magnus Mårtensson, IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), Anna Burén, lawyer of copyright at Swedish Radio, Per Sandin, General manager EMI marketing and also a lot of Internetsuppliers. We have also compilated an inquiry which has been replied to by many people. Conclusion: Many of the buyers from the past consider the cost of a CD far too high. Instead they have discovered the illegal copying and its unlimited functions. They have also realized how easy you can get new music without reprisals, which mostly depends on the vague and not to scary laws. Music companies are losing money and therefore they raise the prize of a single CD, simultaneously as they work to find the perfect copy protection. The future looks uncertain and for the moment, those who are copying along with peer-to-peer-networks have all the trumps. Keywords: mp3, CD, copy-protection, peer-to-peer-networks, copyright, illegal copying, music companies.

Quelques régions stables ont été découvertes sur les gp d’env du VIH-1 contre lesquelles des patients produisent des anticorps neutralisants. Les épitopes les plus prometteurs se trouvent dans la MPER et sont probablement exposés durant la fusion. Alors que les peptides isolés à partir de cette région ne sont pas parvenus à induire une réaction immunogène neutralisante, des études antérieures suggèrent que la membrane lipidique joue un rôle dans la structuration des antigènes et dans la réponse immunogénique.C’est pourquoi nous étudions la structure de ces épitopes. Cela nécessite leur surexpression, leur purification et leur reconstitution dans des liposomes. Une étude de CD montre qu’ils pourraient changer de conformation, cela sera confirmé par RMN. En outre, leur immunogénicité sera vérifiée par vaccination des souris. En plus, nous trouvons que le cholestérol peut modifier l’orientation des peptides englobant le motif CRAC de la gp41. / A few stable regions have been discovered on the HIV-1 env gp against which some patients produce neutralizing antibodies. The most promising ones are located in the MPER and are probably exposed transiently during the fusion. Whereas the peptides isolated from this region failed to induce immunogenic response, previous studies suggest the lipid membrane plays a role in antigens structure and in the immunogenic response.That is why we investigate the structure of these épitopes in membrane models. This requires the production of these épitopes by bacterial overexpression, their purification and their reconstitution in liposomes. A CD study shows that they could undergo a conformational change; this will be confirmed by NMR. Also their immunogenicity will be checked by mice immunization. In addition, we find that cholesterol could change the orientation of peptides encompassing a gp41 CRAC motif.

Le cancer colorectal (CCR) est un problème majeur de santé publique. Les nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques incluant les anticorps anti-EGFR ou anti-VEGF en association avec les chimiothérapies ont amélioré la survie des patients présentant un CCR métastatique. Nous avons évalué le rôle de nouveaux biomarqueurs pour individualiser les patients porteurs d’un CCR métastatique qui peuvent bénéficier d’un traitement par thérapies ciblées. Dans la première partie, nous avons démontré pour la première fois la valeur de pSTAT3 (STAT3 phosphorylé) comme biomarqueur prédictif pour sélectionner les populations porteuses d’un CCR métastatique qui pourraient bénéficier d’un traitement par anti-EGFR. Dans ce cadre nous avons publié les résultats de la valeur prédictive et pronostique de pSTAT3 chez 94 patients porteurs d’un CCR métastatique traités par cétuximab en 2ème ligne de traitement (Dobi et al, 2012).La probabilité d’avoir une réponse objective était de 13% chez les patients avec l’expression de STAT3 comparé à 41% chez les patients pSTAT3 négatif (p=0.02). Nous avons montré également l’impact négatif de pSTAT3 sur la durée de la survie sans progression (PFS) et de la survie globale (OS) des patients présentant un CCR métastatique. Ce résultat montre l’intérêt de STAT3 comme biomarqueur prédictif de traitement par anti-EGFR. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons évalué l’impact en survie des facteurs d’angiogenèse complexe comme angiopoetin-2, syndecan-1 (CD138), FGL2. Dans ce cadre nous avons étudié une cohorte exploratoire à Besançon de patients porteurs d’un CCR métastatique, traitée par chimiothérapie cytotoxique et bévacizumab (anti-VEGF). Après la détermination des seuils de valeurs de chaque biomarqueurs dans le sérum de patients utilisant les courbes ROC, nous avons évalué l’impact négatif de score élevé d’angiopoetin-2 et CD138 en survie de ces patients. Nous avons également démontré l’impact négatif de la combinaison de 3 marqueurs combinés en termes d’OS et de PFS dans une cohorte de validation incluant 244 patients de Besançon, Tours et Dijon. / Despite the progress made in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), this disease remains a major health problem. Targeted therapies (anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF therapies) have improved the clinical outcomes achieved by conventional chemotherapy regimens. Half of the patients with K-RAS wild type colo-rectal cancer doen’t benefit from adding anti-EGFR to standard chemotherapy regimen. We decided to assess the clinical outcomes of anti-EGFR containing chemotherapy regimens in 94 patients with mCRC according to phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT) status. The probability of achieving an objective reponse was 13% among patients with positive nuclear expression of pSTAT3 compared with 41% for patients displaying pSTAT3 négative tumors (p=0.02). In a multivariate logistic regression model, high-grade skin rash, wild-type K-RAS status, and negative pSTAT3 status significantly improved time to progression (TTP) and overal survival (OS). These results underscore the impact of pSTAT3 on the clinical efficacy of anti-EGFR-containing chemotherapy regimens and support the prospective assessment of this biomarker. Inhibition of pSTAT3 in mCRCs might be a promising strategy to target chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells and should be assessed in association with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. The second goal of our study was the identification of angiopoetin-2, syndecan1 (CD 138) and FGL2 as prognostic biomarquers of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Plasma angiopoetin-2, FGL2 et CD 138 levels were mesured in 10 healthy volunteers, 13 patients with locally advanced CRC et 51 mCRC, received bevacizumab containing chemotherapy. Angiopoetin-2 and CD138 levels were significantly elevated in patients with mCRC compared with healthy controls. Amongst patients with mCRC, low pre-therapeutic plasma angiopoetin-2 and CD 138 levels were associated with a prolonged median progression-free survival (PFS) (p<0.01 and p=0.03 respectively), and overall survival (p<0.01 and p=0.02 respectively). PFS and OS was prolonged in patients with out or with only one detectable biomarker compared with patients with two or three high biomarker levels (p<0.01).

Galaxies are the major building blocks of the universe, but we are still learning about fundamental aspects of their formation. In particular, we would like to understand how galaxies acquire their stars, and where and when these stars were born. In this thesis, we investigate these questions by the study of the dynamical and chemical abundances of galaxies in the local universe. Extending previous works in the field, we have developed a Bayesian framework to obtain luminosity-weighted ages, metallicities and alpha-element abundances. In our initial study, we have surveyed six galaxy groups to understand how this particular environment may be related to morphological transformations. We have obtained a sample of 59 group members with a wide range of dynamical masses, which have been used to demonstrate that the mass-metallicity relation extends to low-mass galaxies. We then proceeded to the study of NGC 3311, a cD galaxy at the center of the Hydra I cluster. We have confirmed previous observations of the velocity dispersion profile of the system, which indicates the presence of a large photometric substructure which illustrates the ongoing accretion of the diffuse stellar halo. We performed a study of the stellar populations of the system, which indicated that stars in the diffuse stellar halo have been accreted from past merger events of large elliptical galaxies, whereas the central region of the galaxy is most probably the remnant of a rapid dissipative collapse. Moreover, the metallicity of the stars in the photometric substructure suggest an ongoing disruption of dwarf galaxies possibly related to the presence of an infalling group. These results are consistent with the two-phase model for the mass assembly of galaxies, in which massive ellipticals are formed by dissipative processes at high-redshifts, but continue to build-up their halos by the continuous accretion of satellite systems. / Galáxias são os principais blocos de construção do universo, mas ainda estamos aprendendo sobre aspectos fundamentais da sua formação. Em particular, gostaríamos de entender como as galáxias adquirem suas estrelas, e onde e quando essas estrelas nasceram. Nesta tese, investigamos estas questões pelo estudo da dinâmica e das abundâncias químicas de galáxias no universo local. Estendendo trabalhos anteriores na área, desenvolvemos um método Bayesiano para a obtenção de idades, metalicidades e abundância de elementos alfa ponderados pela luminosidade. Em nosso estudo inicial, pesquisamos seis grupos de galáxias para compreender como esse ambiente em particular pode estar relacionado às transformações morfológicas. Obtivemos uma amostra de 59 membros de grupos com uma vasta gama de massas dinâmicas, que foram utilizados para demonstrar que a relação massa-metalicidade se estende para galáxias de baixa massa. Então, procedemos ao estudo de NGC 3311, uma galáxia cD no centro do aglomerado Hydra I. Confirmamos as observações anteriores do perfil de dispersão da velocidades do sistema, que indicam a presença de uma grande subestrutura fotométrica que ilustra a acreção atual de estrelas no halo estelar difuso. Foi realizado um estudo das populações estelares do sistema, que indica que as estrelas no halo estelar difuso foram obtidas em eventos passados de fusão de grandes galáxias elípticas, enquanto que a região central da galáxia é provavelmente o remanescente de uma rápido colapso dissipativo. Além disso, a metalicidade das estrelas na subestrutura fotométrica sugere a ruptura atual de galáxias anãs relacionadas com a presença de um grupo se movimentando em direção ao centro do aglomerado. Estes resultados são consistentes com o modelo de duas fases para a acumulação da massa de galáxias, no qual galáxias elípticas gigantes são formadas por processos dissipativos em altos redshifts, mas continuam a acrescentar estrelas em seus halos pelo deposição de sistemas satélite.

The Master´s thesis deals with description of the influence of cobalt additive on positive electrode parameters for Ni-Cd accumulators. Trough the use of Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance are analysed the effects which decline effective life of positive electrode during accelerated cycling. Theoretical part describes important characteristics of Ni-Cd accumulators, the working principle and effects which are in progress on positive electrode during cycling. The next part deals with description of system EQCM and the pricnciples of doping active mass with cobalt additive. Practical part consists of EQCM system calibration and electrochemical measurements. The principal aim is detection of the influence of cobalt additve on active mass during cycling in different electrolytes. From the results of measurements is set the optimal amount of cobalt additive.

The master thesis expresses the opinion on application of the Free Flight concept in European Airspace. In the beginning, the reason and the circumstances for concept application are characterized from both theoretical and practical approach. Afterwards, the key technology elements are defined as well as the ideal approach for developing them. Especially system ASAS was a subject of the deep investigation. Then the system ADS-B is introduced with all related issue from a performance point of view. Finally, the main factors affecting the capacity of the ASAS system in specific area of Airspace are investigated.

This paper deals with different variants of grammar systems. Grammar systems combine the simplicity of Context Free Grammars with the generative power of more complex gammars. There are two main variants of grammar systems described in this paper: PC grammar systems and CD grammar systems. New type of grammar system, which is a modification of the CD grammar systems, is also described in the paper.  New method of parsing, based on this new grammar system is proposed in the paper. This new parser consists of several smaller parsers, which work in both top down and bottom up way.

This diploma thesis deals with the study of possible interactions between hyaluronan (HA) and plasmid DNA (pDNA). Plasmid DNA was isolated from E. coli JM109 (pUC19) and resuspended in TE buffer as well as high molecular weight hyaluronan. Individual samples of pDNA, HA and pDNA-HA were characterized by gel electrophoresis, CD spectroscopy and high resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy. Agarose gel electrophoresis examined the effect of the addition of hyaluronan to plasmid DNA on the migration of samples to the positive electrode. Structural changes in pDNA-HA samples were examined using CD spectroscopy. Individual CD spectra describes the dependence of the difference in absorption coefficients for left-hand and right-handed elliptic polarized light at wavelength. High resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy has been used to study interactions. It is an analytical method based on ultrasonic velocity and attenuation. We classify this technique as a non-destructive method because the passing waves do not affect the structure of the analyzed sample.

Résumé confidentiel. / Confidential summary.