This thesis is dealing with the issue of risk management during order processing in manufacturing company, which is focused on textile production. Introduction of thesis is presenting theroretical basis. Practical part of the thesis is dealing with company introduction organizational structure of the body, product range, order progressing, OSH policy and environmental policy. Tools chosen for risk assessment techniques - analysis of the causes and consequences (Ishikawa diagram), analysis of possible errors and their consequences (FMEA) and the Pareto chart. The thesis aims to analyze the risks and for the most significant risks to process proposals for their elimination.

Bakgrund: Redovisningsbranschen står inför en ny våg av digitalisering som enligt en framtidsrapport från Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning har potential att automatisera bort arbetsuppgifterna för nio av tio redovisningsekonomer. Kärnan i denna nya digitaliseringsvåg är standardisering av begrepp och procedurer som gör att behovet av manuell interaktion minskas radikalt. Informationsjättar som Facebook och Google har visat vägen för vad som går att åstadkomma genom att tagga data med beskrivande metadata. Tekniken är redan här och det framstår som något av ett mysterium varför det dröjt så länge innan denna nya informationsteknologi fått genomslag inom revisionsbranschen. Denna uppsats startar med observationen att kontoplanen är en viktig del i den standardisering som krävs för att hantera den nya digitaliseringsvågen. Syfte: Denna uppsats syftar till att belysa temat digitalisering på redovisningsområdet utifrån fallet kontoplanen BAS. Metod: Fallet kontoplanen BAS har studerats med en explorativ kvalitativ fallstudie. Fyra styrelsemedlemmar i föreningen BAS har intervjuats vilket motsvarar halva styrelsen. Utöver detta har två intervjuer gjorts för att belysa de tekniska aspekterna av att översätta konventioner från redovisningspraxis till så kallade taxonomier. Rent tekniska aspekter på programmeringsnivå behandlas översiktlig med utgångspunkt i respondenternas expertis. Resultat: Frivillighet och anpassningsbarhet är viktiga värden hos kontoplanen BAS. Flera respondenter har uttryckt att de befarar att dessa värden kan gå förlorade om kontoplanen skulle standardiseras ytterligare för att passa in i en digital taxonomi. Samtidigt finns också en medvetenhet om att den nuvarande versionen av BAS inte är slutgiltig. Det finns ett behov av att tydliggöra skillnaden mellan flexibla konton och ramkonton som krävs för att redovisningsdata ska kunna användas för att skapa korrekta rapporter till myndigheter. / Background: The accounting industry faces a new wave of digitalization which, according to a future report from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, has the potential to automate the work of nine out of ten accountants. The core in this new wave of digitalization is the standardization of concepts and procedures which can reduce the need for manual interaction radically. Information giants like Facebook and Google have shown the way for what can be accomplished by tagging data with descriptive metadata. The technology is already here and it seems like something of a mystery, why it has taken so long before this new information technology gained impact in the accounting industry. This paper starts with the observation that the chart of accounts is an important part of the standardization required to handle the new wave of digitalization. Purpose: This paper aims at describing the theme digitalization in the accounting field, based on the case of the Swedish BAS chart of accounts. Method: The case Swedish BAS has been studied with an explorative qualitative case study. Four board members in the association BAS have been interviewed, which corresponds to half the board. In addition, two interviews have been made to highlight the technical aspects of translating conventions from accounting practices into so-called taxonomies. Pure technical aspects at the programming level are discussed in the light of the respondents' expertise. Results: Voluntary application and adaptability are core values of the Swedish BAS chart of accounts. Several respondents have expressed their fear that these values may be lost if the accounting plan would be further standardized to fit into a digital taxonomy. At the same time, there is also awareness that the current version of BAS is not final. There is a need to clarify the difference between flexible accounts and needed accounts required for accounting data to be used to create accurate reports to the authorities.

Tuberculosis (TB) has re-emerged as a major worldwide public health challenge in the last decade with an increasing incidence amongst children. The diagnosis of TB in children is difficult as the presentation is not always classical and available diagnostic modalities are imperfect. Diagnosis is, especially complex in developing countries where resources and access to sophisticated diagnostic facilities are limited. Thus practical score charts combining a number of complementary clinical characteristics with affordable special investigations have been developed to aid diagnosis. The new South African primary health care (PHC) nurse-driven system demands that first line nurses be equipped to suspect, diagnose, confirm the diagnosis and treat children with TB. Very little is known about the ability of PHC nurses to diagnose TB in children. In Mpumalanga province relatively low rates of notified paediatric TB prompted an investigation to determine the ability of local PHC nurses to diagnose TB in children and explore whether the PHC setting allowed this. Within method triangulation was used in this quantitative descriptive study by combining a self-completed knowledge survey with clinic visits to audit records and assess access to diagnostic aids and tests. Important deficiencies in knowledge and limited access to certain diagnostic modalities found in this study must be addressed if appropriate management of TB in children is to be assured. / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)

The goal of this work is a design and implementation of an on-board driver’s assistance and assessment system. The system overcomes the problem that typical evaluation of skills is performed by experts who may be subjective and are able to consider only a limited number of factors and indicators. The proposed solution is based on eight indicators, which are associated with the vehicle’s speed, acceleration, jerk, engine rotational speed and driving time. These indicators are used to estimate three driving style criteria: safety, economy and comfort. The comprehensive evaluation is done by merging all indicators into one final score. The system is designed according to User-Centred Design method and follows Internet of Things concept. Raspberry Pi minicomputer is used as a central unit to acquire and store the data during the ride and sending them to a server using GSM network. OBD-II interface is used to obtain the data from the vehicle’s network and GPS and accelerometer modules to acquire additional information. MATLAB environment on a local PC is used to process collected data. An outline of the measurements available from ODB-II interface depending on a car model is made. The proposed system has been implemented and evaluated. The evaluation, conducted by collecting readings for specific road actions at different speeds and with different dynamics, confirms that the chosen indicators reliably represent driver’s behaviour. The system was experimentally validated on a group of drivers. The obtained results prove the system’s ability to quantitatively distinguish different driving styles. The system's stability and usability were verified on long-route test. Moreover, the used spider diagram approach established a convenient visualization platform for multidimensional comparison of the result and comprehensive assessment in an intelligible manner. Overall conclusion is that the developed system is a reliable method of the drivers’ behaviour evaluation.

Orientador: Marisa Masumi Beppu / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T23:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiba_RafaelMassao_M.pdf: 4156025 bytes, checksum: 6b7f2bf2c33d458475abf019c06c839f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a adequação de Gráficos de Controle (coloquialmente chamadas também de Cartas de Controle) para o controle da qualidade e do desempenho de processos químicos. Dentro deste tema, Cartas de Controle usualmente aplicadas na indústria foram testadas e analisadas para verificar o seu impacto e aplicabilidade com dados provenientes de processos transientes. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a utilização inadvertida dessas ferramentas (inicialmente concebidas para a indústria mecânica) pode trazer impactos indesejáveis como ocorrência de alarmes falsos e atraso na detecção. Os dados provenientes de indústrias químicas, particularmente quando apresentam autocorrelação, devem ser analisados de maneira diferenciada. Voltado para essa necessidade, uma ferramenta inédita foi criada para o controle de qualidade quando há esse tipo de dados: a carta para coeficientes angulares, que utiliza as tendências lineares de pequenos trechos de dados para antecipar a detecção de causas especiais. Entre as vantagens dessa ferramenta estão facilidade de aplicação (a carta dispensa recursos computacionais específicos ou utilização de séries temporais), alto desempenho e robustez frente a ruídos nos dados. Os gráficos de controle apresentam a vantagem de dispensar o conhecimento prévio do processo, podendo tratá-lo como uma "caixa preta", abordagem muito conveniente para processos muito complexos, com grande número de etapas e variáveis, onde abordagem fenomenológica e fundamental através de modelos diferenciais matemáticos entre variáveis dependentes e independentes pode ser bastante laboriosa na prática do controle. Para verificar se um ajuste comum ao processo possa não ser suficiente para fazer o processo convergir novamente ao "set point" (e voltar à zona de controle), sugere-se o uso de uma ferramenta auxiliar, a Dinâmica de Sistemas. Ela seria usada na indicação da necessidade de intervenção especial em um processo. Com o seu método particular de criar modelos multivariados, a Dinâmica de Sistemas fornece uma maneira qualitativa e quantitativa de identificar as variáveis críticas para a qualidade do processo e para analisar seu comportamento dinâmico bem como as relações multivariadas existentes em uma planta química, consistindo em uma grande oportunidade para ser aplicada no nível operacional. Ela pode servir para mostrar se uma determinada intervenção especial faria o sistema se descontrolar ainda mais (fato comum de processos com excesso de controle, "over-controlled") ou se poderia servir para fazê-la convergir novamente a uma zona de controle / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the suitability of using ordinary control charts such as Shewhart's and Averages chart to control the quality and performance of chemical processes. Within this theme, control charts commonly used in industry were tested and analyzed to determine its impact and applicability with data from transient processes. The obtained results indicate that the inadverted use of such tools (originally designed for mechanical engineering, which has discrete processes) can lead to undesirable effects such as the occurrence of false alarms and delay on special causes detection. Therefore, data originated at chemical industries, especially when autocorrelation is present, must be analyzed through special techniques. Towards this need, a new tool was created specially to this sort of data: The Slope Chart, which uses the linear trends of small subgroups of data to anticipate special causes detection. The main advantages of this tool are ease of application (this charts does not requires specific computer resources or time series modeling), higher performance and robustness against noise. Control Charts allow users to deal with the process as "Black Boxes", not requiring previous knowledge about the process for special cause detection. For a high complexity process, where there are a considerable number of steps and variables, this is an advantage provided that classic control would require phenomenological studies which might be laborious. Therefore, an auxiliary tool in the cases where an ordinary correction may not enough is proposed. Furthermore, it has been proposed the use of System Dynamics as an auxiliary tool to indicate whether or not it is necessary to act at the process. With its particular method of creating multivariate models, the System Dynamics serves the purpose of quality control, providing both qualitative and quantitative ways to see critical variables to the process quality and to analyze its dynamic behavior and the existing multivariate relations in chemical industries, consisting of a significant opportunity to be used at operational level. It can be useful to simulate whether a potential action would bring more variability to the process (which is usual in overcontrolled processes) or would be useful to correct the process / Mestrado / Engenharia de Processos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Reisdorfer.pdf: 6217647 bytes, checksum: defcf69e9ade22f915fc6d407b4577d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-07 / This paper shows the studied results of uniformity evaluation in 23 irrigation modules tracked by gravity in familiar farms in Salto do Lontra city / PR from 2009 to 2013. Uniformity coefficients (UC, UD, UE and ) and CEP plus the decision support AHP method were applied in this trial in order to evaluate the whole drip irrigation project. The results obtained by the uniformity coefficients indicated that the irrigation modules remained stable during the studied period. There was no significant variation from one period to another, with values of 85 and 86% for UC, so that for UD the answers were 78 and 80%; for UE, the results were 57 to 59% and for , the values ranged from 0.19 to 0.17. The Shewhart charts for individual measures, concerning the statistical control of the process, could show the special causes at each point. While, the and indices indicated that the irrigation modules met the quality control specifications and were considered "acceptable" and centralized by Montgomery requirements (2004). Regarding the use of multicriteria decision support method AHP (Analysis Hierarchic Process), it proved to be effective during the evaluation of irrigation projects. It weighted different criteria according to the perspective of a project classification as "Excellent", "Good", "Fair" and "Poor". Thus, in this trial, the AHP method rated as "excellent" the irrigation project, which was implemented in Salto do Lontra city/ PR based on both analyzed periods, whose values of consistency ratio (CR) were 0 and 0.02 from 2009 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2013 / Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da avaliação da uniformidade em 23 módulos de irrigação localizados por gravidade em propriedades agrícolas de base familiar no Município de Salto do Lontra/PR, no período de 2009 a 2013. Neste trabalho, foram aplicados os coeficientes de uniformidade (UC, UD, UE e ) e CEP, juntamente com o método AHP de apoio à decisão para avaliar o projeto de irrigação por gotejamento na sua totalidade. Os resultados obtidos pelos coeficientes de uniformidade apontaram que os módulos de irrigação se mantiveram estáveis durante o período avaliado, não havendo variação significativa de um período para outro, com valores de UC de 85 e 86%, UD de 78 e 80%, UE de 57 e 59%, e de 0,19 e 0,17. Quanto ao controle estatístico de processo, os gráficos de Shewhart para medidas individuais foram capazes de mostrar pontualmente as causas especiais, e os índices e indicaram que os módulos de irrigação atenderam as especificações do controle de qualidade, sendo considerados ―aceitáveis‖ e centralizados pelos requisitos de Montgomery (2004). Quanto ao uso do método multicritério de apoio à decisão AHP (Análise Hierárquica de Processo), este se mostrou eficaz na avaliação de projetos de irrigação ponderando diferentes critérios sob a ótica da classificação do projeto em ―Excelente‖, ―Bom‖, ―Regular‖ e ―Ruim‖. Nesta pesquisa, o método AHP classificou como ―Excelente‖ o projeto de irrigação implantado no Município de Salto do Lontra/PR para os dois períodos analisados, com valores de razão de consistência (RC) de 0 e 0,02 para o período de 2009 a 2010 e 2011 a 2013

The task of this thesis is to describe the dynamics and evolution of street terminology in Litomeřice, with a focus on its motivation and semantic structure of word formation. The material will be obtained with excerpts from archival materials, urban plans, lists of streets and squares, records of the municipal council and other historical and newer sources. When classifying a material, which will allow an overview of the motivational circuits, which are involved in the development of urbanonyms and used word-formation processes, it will underpin Šmilauer's semantic classification of anoikonyms and Dejmek's word formation and semantic classification of urbanonyms. The Development of the street terminology will be analyzed after each time period, the definition is determined by the circumstances, which had an considerable impact in the studied urbanonymia. Quantitative changes in the use of each motivation circuit and word-formation process will be illustrated by graph, all partial findings will be incorporated into the final synthetic whole. An important part of the work will consist an alphabetical list of names of current Litoměřice streets, squares and other public spaces including the time of their formation, interpretation of the names and brief overview of all urbanonyms, which preceded the...

Det är idag vanligt att konfektionsföretagen inte gör sina egna mönster till produktion. Istället skapar de tydliga produktionsspecifikationer och måttlistor som skickas till leverantör för att påbörja en produktutveckling och produktion. I brist på tid finns det en risk att specifikationerna är ofullständiga och detta kan i sin tur bidra till missförstånd eller egna tolkningar, detta gäller främst momentet då plagg mäts av. På grund av detta kan produktutvecklingen och produktionen påverkas på ett negativt sätt, processen kan dras ut och onödiga prototyper tillverkas. Idag finns det inte några direkta riktlinjer på hur plagg mäts av, därför skapas det i denna studie en mätguide för att se huruvida hjälpsamt eller inte det är och om det går att effektivisera produktutvecklingen och produktionen med hjälp av en sådan. Denna guide har använts vid avmätning av ett par jeans som flertalet testpersoner mätt av. Alla de tagna måtten har sammanställts och jämförts mot varandra men även mot det aktuella företagets toleranser, detta för att kunna utvärdera om guiden kan effektivisera produktutvecklingen och produktionen. Studien resulterade i differenser i de olika måtten, flera utanför företagets godkända toleranser, och visade på att det är ytterst viktigt att måttbeskrivningarna är tydliga likaså de komplimenterande skisserna. / Today it’s common for clothing companies to not make their own patterns for production. Instead they’re making detailed production specifications and measurement charts, which they send to the suppliers to start a product development process and production. Due to lack of time there’s a risk that the specifications are insufficient and this can result in misunderstandings and own interpretations, especially when it comes to measuring garments. The product development and the production can be affected negatively because of this, unnecessary prototypes are being made and the process is being protracted. There are, today, no guidelines on how to measure garments, therefore a measuring guide will be developed in this study and it’ll be tested to see if and how it can be helpful to make the production process more effective. The guide has been used to measure a pair of jeans and test persons have been measuring the same pair of jeans. The measurement values have been compiled and compared to each other but also to the current company’s acceptable tolerance values, this to evaluate if the guide can improve the product development and production efficiency. The study resulted in many differences in the measurements, several of them out of the company’s acceptable tolerance. This showed that it’s very important that the measurement descriptions and their sketches are clear and understandable.

La spectroscopie sur plasma induit par laser (LIBS) est une technique d'analyse élémentaire couplant l'ablation laser dans le cas des échantillons solides, à la spectroscopie d'émission atomique. Malgré de nombreux avantages qui en font une technique de plus en plus attractive, la spectroscopie LIBS n'est pas encore reconnue comme méthode d'analyse quantitative. En effet, les problèmes d'hétérogénéité des échantillons, d'effets matrice, d'auto-absorption des raies d'émission et surtout de manque de répétabilité participent à la dégradation des performances analytiques de la spectroscopie LIBS. Dans le but de faire évoluer la technique, ces travaux de thèse consistent à réaliser un cas particulier de démonstration de l'évaluation des performances analytiques d'un système LIBS de laboratoire en intégrant des notions de qualité. L'exemple porte ici sur l'analyse d'échantillons d'aciers certifiés. Une première étude concerne le déroulement de l'optimisation du système pour l'analyse quantitative. L'effet des différents paramètres expérimentaux sur le signal LIBS étant complexe, un protocole méthodique est indispensable. Une étude paramétrique est donc ici proposée en vue de déterminer les conditions expérimentales les plus propices à l'analyse quantitative. Une fois optimisée, la méthode LIBS est ensuite caractérisée grâce aux principes classiques de la validation de méthode. La justesse ainsi que la fidélité de la méthode sont évaluées dans des conditions de répétabilité et de précision intermédiaire. Cette dernière étude montre des résultats prometteurs pour la technique. L'application d'une carte de contrôle montre néanmoins un manque de stabilité du système de laboratoire et permet d'enclencher des actions correctives en vue d'améliorer ses performances analytiques. / Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an elemental analytical technique which combines laser ablation with atomic emission spectroscopy. LIBS spectroscopy has many advantages but is not recognized as a fully quantitative method. Indeed, the problem of samples' heterogeneity, matrix effects, self-absorption of emission lines and the lack of repeatability deteriorate the analytical performances of LIBS. In order to improve this technique, the work presented in this thesis includes an example of analytical performances evaluation with the use of quality notions of a laboratory LIBS system. The method is here specially applied to the analysis of certified steel samples. A first study deals with the optimization of the LIBS system for the quantitative analysis. As the effect of the different experimental parameters on LIBS signal is complex, a methodical protocol is necessary. Here, a parametric study is proposed to determine the experimental conditions suitable for quantitative analysis. Once optimized, the LIBS method is then characterized with basics of method validation. The trueness and the precision of the method are evaluated in conditions of repeatability and intermediate precision. This study shows promising results for LIBS technique. The application of a control chart reveals however an instability of the laboratory system and enables to introduce corrective actions to improve its analytical performances.

Diploma thesis deals with project design of an e-commerce creation with using tools and methods of project management in a non-profit organization. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical basis of project management. The analytical part deals with the description of the organization and his current situation. The last part contains the main project proposal.