Data matching is the automated process permitting the comparison of significant amounts of personal data from two or more different databanks in order to produce new information. Its use by governments implicates many rights and freedoms, including the protection against unreasonable search and seizure under section 8 of the Canadian Charter. / In the author's opinion, a governmental data matching program will probably constitute a search or seizure under section 8 when a positive answer is given to two questions. First, is there a use or transfer of information which implicates constitutionally protected information? Generally, section 8 will only protect biographical personal information, as described in the Plant case. Second, one must determine if a reasonable expectation of privacy exists as to the purpose for which the information will be used. In other words, one must determine if the two governmental databanks are separate on the constitutional level. / However, a positive answer to both of theses questions does not mean that the matching program necessarily infringes section 8. It will not be considered unreasonable if it is authorised by law, if the law itself is reasonable, and if the execution of the program is reasonable. Presuming that the program is authorised by law, it is probable that a matching program aimed to detect individuals collecting illegally social benefits will not be considered unreasonable.

This thesis explores the meaning and content of s. 41 of the Official Languages Act of Canada, which imposes certain duties on all federal institutions towards French- and English-language minority communities. While vitally important as a component of Canada's language rights archictecture, the nature and content of s. 41 as a legal norm remain woefully unclear. The immediate aim is to determine: (1) whether s. 41 confers a right to specific measures in particular cases; (2) whether such rights are individual or collective; and (3) if collective, what sort of interests are protected. Section 41 presents a number of interpretive challenges. First, it uses terminology which is undefined in the Act and yet has no self-evident meaning. Thus, the nature of the primary legal subject, 'linguistic minority communities' (LMCs), is unclear, as are the nature of the protected interests, 'vitality' and 'development'. Second, the interpretive principles developed by the case-law for official language rights rely on a conceptual framework that is vague and under-theorized. Key components of that framework, like the concept of a necessary link between language and culture, have yet to be fully explored, either in the case-law or in legal scholarship. This presents an acute problem in the case of s. 41, where the content of these concepts will likely prove dispositive. In order to grapple with these challenges, this thesis develops an account of language rights as collective rights. Drawing on the philosophical literature and existing case-law, I argue that LMCs should be conceived of as collectivities rather than mere aggregates of individuals, and that a number of language rights, such as s. 41 of the OLA, and ss. 16.1 and 23 of the Charter, aim to protect the collective interests of these collectivities. I then define some of these interests from both an empirical and a normative perspective. I conclude by arguing that s. 41 of the OLA protects an 'autonomy interest', which both prohibits federal institutions from interfering with existing LMC autonomy, and provides a basis for claiming enhancements to that autonomy, within the confines of the statutory mandate of the institution in question.

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Syfte: Att utformning av logotyp har stor vikt för företagets identitet är allmän känt, men detär minst lika viktigt för ett företag att ha en logotyp som kan förmedla deras budskap ut tillkonsument. Syftet med detta arbete blev därmed att analysera hur de atmosfäriska stimulivariabler,färg, typografi och symbol, påverkar konsumentens uppfattning av logotypensavsedda kundbudskap inom tjänsteföretag. Metod: Detta arbete grundades på ”mixed methods”, vilket är en kombination av kvalitativoch kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Den empiriska undersökningen skedde genom fyra styckensemistrukturerade intervjuer och därefter genomfördes en webbaserad enkätundersökning.Informationen som framställdes från intervjuerna användes för att utformaenkätundersökningen, och den population enkätundersökningen omfattades uppgick tillungefär 5 695 respondenter. Sedan analyserades inkomna enkätsvar med hjälp av enkorrelationsanalys och en klusteranalys, som skapades i programmet SPSS, och jämfördesmed tidigare teori samt företagens intervjuer. Resultat & slutsats: Företag kan ha budskap med goda motiveringar bakom dem, men trotsdetta finns svårigheter för respondenter att uppfatta dessa budskap genom endast en logotyp.Det är därför mycket möjligt att mer än en ensam logotyp behövs för att dessa budskap ska nåhela vägen fram, exempelvis en symbol eller slogan. Respondenterna uppfattar en logotypsom lättare att komma ihåg de gånger som färgen sticker ut, typsnittet är “utöver det vanliga”eller när logotypen innehåller en symbol. Examensarbetets bidrag: Undersökningens genomförande har tillfört både praktiska ochteoretiska bidrag, framförallt inom forskning som berör färg och typografi i logotypen. Bland annat har undersökningen visat att företag med god eftertanke och välmotiverade val kanförmedla flera budskap och deras affärsidé ut till konsument. Detta visar på att det inte endastär företags fysiska agerande som är av betydelse, utan lika stor del av konsumentensuppfattning om företaget ligger i företagets grafiska marknadsföring utåt. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ytterligare forskning kring de atmosfäriska stimulivariablernafärg, typografi och symboler i den grafiska profilen behövs. Att då undersökavilka färger som klassificeras som varma, kalla och neutrala inom olika områden, såsomSverige, Norden, Skandinavien och Europa, hade varit relevant. Likaså hade undersökning avi vilken utsträckning typsnitt med normal tjocklek och fet tjocklek påverkar läsbarheten varitintressant. / Aim: The design of a logo is of great importance to the company's identity, but it is equallyimportant for a company to have a logo that can convey their message to the consumer aswell. The purpose of this paper was thus to analyze how the atmospheric stimuli-variables,colour, typography and symbol affect the customer's perception of the logo's intendedcustomer messages within service companies. Method: This work was based on “mixed methods”, which is a combination of qualitativeand quantitative research methods. The empirical survey was conducted through foursemistructured interviews and an online survey was conducted. The information obtainedfrom the interviews was used to design the survey, and the population that the survey coveredamounted to approximately 5,695 respondents. Then, surveyed questionnaires were analyzedusing a correlation analysis and a cluster analysis, created in the SPSS-program, compared toprevious theory and corporate interviews. Result & Conclusions: Companies can have messages with good motivations behind them,but despite that it is difficult for respondents to perceive them through just one logo. Therefore, it is possible that more than a single logo is needed for these messages to reach allthe way, for example with a symbol or slogan. Respondents perceive a logo as easier toremember the times the colour stands out, the font is "beyond the usual" or when the logocontains a symbol. Contribution of the thesis: The study's implementation has added both practical andtheoretical contributions, especially in research related to colour and typography in logotypes.Among other things, the survey has shown that companies with good reflection and wellmotivatedchoices can convey several messages and their business idea to consumers. Thisshows that it is not only corporate physical activity that is important, but as much is perceivedin the company's graphic marketing towards consumers. Suggestions for future research: To carry out further studies on the atmospheric stimulivariables colour, typography and symbols in the graphic profile is needed. To investigatewhich colours classified as warm, cold and neutral in different areas, such as Sweden, Nordiccountries, Scandinavia and Europe, would been relevant. Similarly, examination of the extentto which fonts of normal thickness and fat thickness affect readability would be interesting.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de prendre part à la réflexion sur le risque systémique et ses conséquences négatives sur l’économie réelle, et au débat sur la mise en place d’une règlementation macro-prudentielle (effets systémiques) efficace pour l’industrie bancaire en visant la stabilité financière. Pour cela, ce travail contribue à la littérature existante à travers plusieurs aspects. Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse, sur un échantillon de banques de l’OCDE, nous étudions la manière dont la valeur de la franchise affecte le risque bancaire avant, pendant et après la crise financière mondiale de 2007–2008, en utilisant des mesures de risque individuelles et systémiques. Nous réétudions l’hypothèse de la valeur de la franchise bancaire et son rôle disciplinant au regard de la prise de risque et de l’expansion au risque systémique avant, pendant et après la crise financière. Nous montrons qu’avant la crise, la valeur de la franchise bancaire impacte positivement la prise de risque et le risque systémique non seulement des très grandes banques dites “too-big-too-fail” mais aussi des grandes banques européennes et américaines. Cependant, nos résultats montrent que pendant et après la crise, cet effet s’inverse. En considérant la période d’avant crise, nous allons plus loin dans nos investigations sur la relation entre la valeur de la franchise d’une part et la prise de risque et l’exposition au risque systémique d’autre part, en prenant en compte les effets des différences entre les cultures de prise de risque, la taille des banques et les stratégies bancaires. Le deuxième chapitre analyse la dynamique de la structure du capital des banques en fonction de leur niveau de capital interne ciblé et/ou externe imposé. Plus précisément, il examine plusieurs caractéristiques. (i) si les frictions du marché et les coûts d’ajustement du capital sont plus considérables lorsqu’il s’agit d’ajuster les ratios de fonds propres réglementaires par rapport à un ratio de levier simple. (ii) les mécanismes d’ajustement utilisés par les banques pour ajuster leur ratio de capital. (iii) comment la vitesse d’ajustement et les mécanismes d’ajustement diffèrent entre les grandes banques systémiques et complexes d’une part, et les banques moins systémiques d’autre part. Les résultats suggèrent que les banques sont plus flexibles et plus rapides dans l’ajustement de leur ratio de levier que dans l’ajustement de leurs ratios de capital réglementaire. Tandis que les banques d’importance systémique (SIFI) sont moins réactives que les autres banques dans l’ajustement de leur ratio de levier cible, elles sont néanmoins plus rapides à atteindre leurs ratios réglementaires cibles. D’autres investigations montrent que les SIFIs pourraient être plus réticentes à modifier leur base de capital en émettant ou en rachetant des actions et préfèrent une réduction plus importante ou une expansion plus rapide de leur taille. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous analysons comment la structure organisationnelle internationale et l’expansion géographique de 105 banques européennes cotées qui ont des filiales à travers le monde, pourrait affecter leur importance systémique au cours de la période 2005–2013. Nous examinons également comment le pic de la crise financière mondiale de 2008–2009 et l’ampleur de la crise de la dette souveraine européenne de 2010–2011 pourraient avoir affecté ces relations. Nous montrons que l’internationalisation et la complexité organisationnelle sont des facteurs importants du risque systémique bancaire, en particulier pendant les années de stress financier 2008–2013. / The aim of this thesis is to contribute on the current debate on the systemic risk and its policy implications for the implementation of new (systemic risk-based) capital requirements in the banking industry. We extend the existing literature in many aspects. In the first chapter, we investigate how bank charter value affects risk for a sample of OECD banks by using standalone and systemic risk measures before, during, and after the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. We revisit the self‐discipline role of charter value on bank’s risk-taking and systemic risk prior, during and after the crisis. We show that bank charter value is positively associated with risk-taking and systemic risk for very large “too-big-too-fail” banks and large U.S. and European banks prior to the crisis, but such a relationship is inverted during and after the crisis. Then, we deepen investigation on this relation between charter value and risk-taking and systemic risk prior to the crisis, regarding differences in risk taking cultures, bank size and bank strategies. The second chapter analyzes the dynamics of banks’ capital structure towards their desired and/or imposed capital level. It analyzes several interesting features. (i) whether or not market frictions and capital adjustment costs are larger for regulatory capital ratios vis-à-vis a plain leverage ratio. (ii) which adjustment channels banks use to adjust their capital ratio. (iii) how the speed of adjustment and adjustment channels differ between large, systemic and complex banks versus small banks. Findings suggest that banks are more flexible and faster in adjusting to their leverage capital ratio than to regulatory capital ratios. Whereas, systemically important banks are slower than other banks in adjusting to their target leverage ratio but quicker in reaching their target regulatory ratios. Further explores show that SIFIs might be more reluctant to change their capital base by either issuing or repurchasing equity and prefer sharper downsizing or faster expansion. In the third chapter, we analyze how the international organization structure and the geographic expansion, of 105 European listed banks that have foreign affiliates around the world, could affect bank level measures of systemic risk during the 2005–2013 period. We also investigate how the peak of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 and the height of the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010–2011 might have affected such relationships. We find that internationalization and foreign complexity are important drivers of bank systemic risk, particularly during the 2008–2013 financial stress years.

Pelikánová P. 2009: Biogeography in education at secondary schools. MSc. Thesis. University of South Bohemia, Pedagogical Faculty, České Budějovice. 133 p. This diploma thesis presents summary of biogeography and world bioms themes and conceives biogeographical textbook chapter that includes also excercises and exam test. This chapter are addressed to pupils of secondary schools. It is based on analyses of geography and biology textbooks. This thesis also proposes incorporation and implementation of this topic to the tutorial of secondary schools.

Abstract University of Växjö, School of Social Sciences Course: POC 536, Political Science 41-60 Title: The U.S. military intervention in Iraq – A study of how the intervention corresponds with the UN Charter Authors: Andreas Malmgren & Johan Schneider Supervisor: Lennart Bergfeldt Date: 2006-09-26 The aim of this essay is through a qualitative literature study examine the main arguments of the Bush administration to justify a military intervention in Iraq. The theories used to explain the actions of the U.S. are system level analysis, hegemonism and realism while the UN Charter will be applied as a normative theory. The research questions are: ■ What were the main arguments of the Bush administration for a military intervention in Iraq? ■ How do these arguments correspond to the UN Charter? U.S. claimed that Iraq was manufacturing nuclear weapons and this was threatening the security of the U.S. The administration also wanted to liberate the Iraqi people from the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein. When the U.S. could not get support through the UN they decided to act independently. According to the UN Charter, UN or its member states are not allowed to intervene in matters within the domestic jurisdiction of any state neither is it allowed to act with a pre-emptive purpose. An exceptional clausal exists if the Security Council decides it is a threat to peace or peace crimes. If a state act without the UN mandate this could undermine the UN authority. Keywords: Weapon of mass destruction, intervention, Iraq, UN Charter, Bush administration

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-10-20T19:21:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Pessoa Chaves - 2016.pdf: 2332822 bytes, checksum: d58bbe171658794cda8e6d8bf9d0bb37 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2017-09-04T19:36:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Pessoa Chaves - 2016.pdf: 2332822 bytes, checksum: d58bbe171658794cda8e6d8bf9d0bb37 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T19:36:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Pessoa Chaves - 2016.pdf: 2332822 bytes, checksum: d58bbe171658794cda8e6d8bf9d0bb37 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-05 / This work deals with the Business Process Management and Gespública applied to the administrative management of the Post Graduate in Physics (PPG- FIS) of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). It has made a literature review about Business Process Management, the University Management and Gespública. Selected interdepartmental processes of the PPG-FIS are modeled, analyzed and redesigned. Gespública applications are described for the PPG-FIS. Subsidies are gathered for the proposal for a Charter of Service to the Citizen. It has concluded that the Business Process Management and Gespública can jointly contribute to the administration in resource savings, reduced rework, strategic planning and management by results. / Este trabalho trata da Gestão por Processos e do Gespública aplicados à gestão administrativa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física (PPG-FIS) da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). É feita uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da Gestão por Processos, da Gestão Universitária e do Gespública. São modelados, analisados e redesenhados processos interdepartamentais selecionados do PPG-FIS. São descritas aplicações do Gespública para o PPG-FIS, bem como reunidos subsídios para a proposta de uma Carta de Serviços ao Cidadão. Conclui-se que a Gestão por Processos e o Gespública podem conjuntamente contribuir para a gestão administrativa na economia de recursos, diminuição do retrabalho, planejamento estratégico e gestão por resultados.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-03-02T21:24:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Pessoa Chaves - 2016.pdf: 2332822 bytes, checksum: d58bbe171658794cda8e6d8bf9d0bb37 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-03T11:48:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Pessoa Chaves - 2016.pdf: 2332822 bytes, checksum: d58bbe171658794cda8e6d8bf9d0bb37 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-03T11:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique Pessoa Chaves - 2016.pdf: 2332822 bytes, checksum: d58bbe171658794cda8e6d8bf9d0bb37 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-05 / This work deals with the Business Process Management and Gespública applied to the administrative management of the Post Graduate in Physics (PPG- FIS) of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). It has made a literature review about Business Process Management, the University Management and Gespública. Selected interdepartmental processes of the PPG-FIS are modeled, analyzed and redesigned. Gespública applications are described for the PPG-FIS. Subsidies are gathered for the proposal for a Charter of Service to the Citizen. It has concluded that the Business Process Management and Gespública can jointly contribute to the administration in resource savings, reduced rework, strategic planning and management by results. / Este trabalho trata da Gestão por Processos e do Gespública aplicados à gestão administrativa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física (PPG-FIS) da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). É feita uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da Gestão por Processos, da Gestão Universitária e do Gespública. São modelados, analisados e redesenhados processos interdepartamentais selecionados do PPG-FIS. São descritas aplicações do Gespública para o PPG-FIS, bem como reunidos subsídios para a proposta de uma Carta de Serviços ao Cidadão. Conclui-se que a Gestão por Processos e o Gespública podem conjuntamente contribuir para a gestão administrativa na economia de recursos, diminuição do retrabalho, planejamento estratégico e gestão por resultados.

Orientador: Maria das Graças Conde Caldas / Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Estudo da Linguagem e ao Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Jornalismo, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:43:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_StelladeMello_M.pdf: 8269089 bytes, checksum: 5492c5eb56443ea718c8e44a9586a007 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, está centrada na reflexão entre Educação, Comunicação e Cultura, tendo como referencial teórico os Estudos Sociais e Culturais. Objetivou compreender o olhar cultural do professor de Ensino Médio, a partir do uso da mídia na escola e, para isto, foi investigada a revista Carta na Escola - suplemento especializado em Ensino Médio - da revista semanal de informação, Carta Capital. Verificou de que forma os conteúdos jornalísticos sobre acontecimentos da atualidade foram utilizados pelos professores, como complemento paradidático, em diferentes disciplinas - considerando as propostas dos PCNEM para cada uma delas. Examinou, ainda, a recepção e a compreensão de Carta na Escola entre os alunos. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído por cinco edições da revista, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2011, para melhor entendimento de sua proposta pedagógica. Em seguida, ancorada nos estudos das Teorias de Recepção, a pesquisa usou o método de Grupo Focal - para aprofundamento da análise - com sete professores e oito alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio, o que permitiu compreender, numa perspectiva dialógica, como se opera, na sala de aula, o debate cultural e formador da visão de mundo dos alunos. Foram gravadas, em vídeo, todas as aulas com o uso das reportagens de Carta na Escola, bem como aplicados questionários aos professores e alunos para verificar os resultados do uso dessa mídia em sala de aula. Finalmente, por meio do cruzamento dos dados coletados (documentos, entrevistas, observação direta), foi realizada a análise final dos resultados, sob uma perspectiva foucaultiana (1979), tomando por justificativa sua concentração menos ligada a detalhes dos textos e, sim, focada em um olhar historicamente discursivo dos atores sociais subjacentes aos textos e aos contextos. A pesquisa apontou para uma mídia que procura adequar suas propostas didáticas às competências e habilidades descritas nos PCNEM; entretanto, não "ouve" o professor-leitor de maneira sistemática, mas sim, esporádica e genérica. Quanto à seleção de temas, os critérios para sua escolha e diversidade são oscilantes, havendo priorização de assuntos relacionados às Ciências Humanas e suas Tecnologias em detrimento das Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e suas Tecnologias. Os professores e alunos entenderam que o conteúdo programático da escola associado ao uso desta mídia, em específico, facilita o "querer-aprender" à medida que a notícia os coloca - docente e discente - frente a um sentido de pertencimento social, de lógica, de utilidade à vida que segue além das carteiras da escola / Abstract: This research, qualitative in nature, focuses on a discussion involving Education, Communication and Culture, theoretically based on Social and Cultural Studies. It aimed at understanding the cultural perspective of High School teachers through their use of media resources in the school setting. To achieve this goal, we investigated the magazine Carta na Escola [School Letter] - a supplement of the weekly news magazine Carta Capital dealing with High School issues. The study verified how journalistic contents about current events were used by teachers as supplementary educational materials in different disciplines, considering the proposals of the PCN [Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - Brazilian National Curricular Parameters] for each discipline. It also examined how Carta na Escola has been received and understood by students. The corpus of the research consisted of five editions of the magazine, from August to December 2011, to better understand its pedagogical proposal. Then, anchored in the studies of Theories of Reception, the research used the method Focus Group, for an in-depth analysis. The group was made up of seven teachers and eight second-year High School students, which allowed us to understand, in a dialogical perspective, how the cultural debate operates in the classroom and contributes to the development of the students' worldview. All classes which used the articles of Carta na Escola were recorded on video and questionnaires were filled out by teachers and students to check the results of the use of this media in the classroom. Finally, by crossing the collected data (documents, interviews and direct observation), the final analysis of results was carried out from a Foucaultian perspective (1979), since such approach focuses less on textual details and more on a historically discursive perspective of the social actors behind texts and contexts. The research pointed to a media that seeks to adapt its teaching proposals to the skills and abilities described in the PCNEM [Brazilian National Curricular Parameters for High School]. However, it does not "listen to" the teacher-reader systematically, but rather sporadically and generically. Regarding the selection of topics, the criteria for their choice and variety are oscillating, with priority given to issues related to Human Sciences and their technologies to the detriment of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and their technologies. Teachers and students understood that the curriculum of the school associated with the use of this particular media facilitates the willingness to learn, since news in general brings teachers and students a sense of social belonging, logic and usefulness that goes beyond the formal school teaching / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural