O presente estudo realizou teste de campo para uma versão em Português do questionário de qualidade de vida da Universidade de Washington (UW-QOL, quarta versão), com o intuito de avaliar a capacidade do questionário em descrever padrões diferenciais de qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de boca no contexto brasileiro, e incentivar avaliações dessa natureza em diferentes contextos culturais. Foram entrevistados 143 pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de boca e orofaringe atendidos no Complexo Hospitalar Heliópolis, usando um questionário especificamente desenvolvido para esta finalidade. Dados colhidos do prontuário do paciente informaram características sócio-demográficas desses pacientes, sua condição clínica e os tratamentos efetuados. A auto-avaliação de qualidade de vida foi estratificada segundo categorias sócio-demográficas e clínicas, como estratégia para apreciar a capacidade do questionário em discriminar os domínios mais afetados em diferentes quadros de qualidade de vida. Os pacientes com tumores maiores, os que tinham tumores localizados na orofaringe ou na porção posterior da boca, os que apresentaram metástases regionais e os que foram submetidos a radioterapia apresentaram indicações significantemente menos elevadas (p < 0,05) de qualidade de vida. Mastigar, ansiedade, engolir e saliva foram os domínios de pior pontuação; dor, engolir, mastigar e saliva foram as queixas mais freqüentes na semana que antecedeu a entrevista. O questionário foi bem aceito e facilmente respondido pelos pacientes, permitindo a identificação de relevantes contrastes e similaridades entre os grupos de respondentes. Seu uso regular em ambiente hospitalar pode contribuir para antecipar intervenções voltadas à redução de impacto das aplicações terapêuticas e à gestão dos tratamentos. / This study performed a field trial of a Portuguese version of the University of Washington quality of life questionnaire (UW-QOL, fourth version), aiming at fostering these studies in cross-cultural contexts, and at appraising the questionnaire’s ability in identifying differential patterns of health-related quality of life of patients with cancer of mouth and oropharynx in the Brazilian context. We interviewed 143 patients undergoing treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma at a large Brazilian hospital (Complexo Hospitalar Heliópolis), using a questionnaire specifically developed for this purpose. Hospital records informed socio-demographic characteristics of these patients, their clinical status, and treatments already performed. The self-report of quality of life was stratified by categories of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, as a strategy for assessing the ability of the questionnaire in discriminating the most affected domains for patients presenting different conditions. Patients presenting larger tumours, neoplasm in the oropharynx or in posterior parts of the mouth, those affected by regional metastasis and those already treated with radiotherapy presented significantly (p < 0.05) poorer scores of quality of life. Chewing, anxiety, swallowing and saliva were the poorest rated domain; pain, swallowing, chewing and saliva were the most frequent complaints during the week preceding the interview. The questionnaire was well accepted and easily answered by patients, and allowed the identification of relevant contrasts and similarities among subsets of respondents. Its regular use in hospital settings can contribute for anticipating interventions aimed at reducing the impact of therapeutic applications and at subsequent patient management.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-06T11:10:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rachelpestanamarques.pdf: 499726 bytes, checksum: 11b23dd58aa072c4b2313e6aaed8ec39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T11:29:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rachelpestanamarques.pdf: 499726 bytes, checksum: 11b23dd58aa072c4b2313e6aaed8ec39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:29:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rachelpestanamarques.pdf: 499726 bytes, checksum: 11b23dd58aa072c4b2313e6aaed8ec39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / Introdução: A mastigação é uma das principais funções do sistema estomatognático, constitui uma ação fisiológica e complexa. O padrão mastigatório ideal é o bilateral alternado, entretanto, alguns indivíduos apresentam um lado preferencial de mastigação. Objetivo: Desenvolver um método computadorizado para avaliar o padrão de deslocamento lateral da mandíbula durante a função mastigatória. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 44 vídeos de processos mastigatórios através de algoritmo desenvolvido, onde os indivíduos foram orientados a realizar um padrão específico de mastigação: somente do lado esquerdo ou direito (grupo 1), alternando cinco mordidas de um lado e duas do lado oposto (grupo 2), alternando 3 mordidas de cada lado (grupo 3). O método computacional identificou, quadro a quadro, o deslocamento lateral do mento e determinou a amplitude e a porcentagem de deslocamentos laterais da mandíbula para cada lado. Resultados: Os grupos 1 e 2 exibiram valores significativamente maiores de número de ciclos do lado de mastigação em relação ao lado oposto (75,41% e 64,82%, respectivamente) e não houve diferença entre os lados direito (46,73%) e esquerdo (53,27%) no grupo 3. A amplitude dos ciclos exibiu o mesmo comportamento. Nos grupos 1 e 2 o método identificou o lado de preferência de mastigação, entretanto a porcentagem de ciclos identificados no lado de mastigação foi significativamente menor do que a porcentagem de ciclos solicitada (p<0,001). Conclusão: A utilização da filmagem do processo mastigatório associada ao método computadorizado proposto mostrou-se eficaz em identificar o padrão mastigatório bilateral e em reconhecer a existência da preferência em utilizar um dos lados durante os ciclos mastigatórios. / Introduction: Mastication is one of the main functions of the stomatognathic system, and it is a physiological and complex action. The ideal masticatory pattern is the bilateral alternated, however, some people have a preferred side of mastication. Objective: To develop a computerized method to assess the mandibular lateral deviation pattern during mastication. Method: 44 videos of masticatory processes were analysed using the algorithm developed. The individuals were instructed to perform a specific pattern of mastication: only on the left or the right side (group 1), alternating five bites on one side and two on the opposite side ( group 2), alternating 3 bites on each side (group 3). The computerized method identified, frame by frame, the lateral displacement of the chin and determined the amplitude and the percentage of mandibular lateral deviation to each side. Results: The groups 1 and 2 showed significantly higher number of cycles on the side of chewing compared to the opposite side (75.41% and 64.82%, respectively) and there was no difference between the right side (46.73%) and left side (53.27%) in group 3. The amplitude of cycles showed similar results. In groups 1 and 2, the method identified the preferred chewing side, however, the percentage of the identified cycles in the chewing side was significantly lower than the percentage of cycles required (p <0.001). Conclusion: The use of filming of the masticatory process associated with the proposed computerized method was effective in identifying the bilateral masticatory pattern and recognizing the existence of preference to use one of the sides during the masticatory cycles.

Au cours de la première année de vie, l’enfant passe progressivement d’une alimentation exclusivement lactée à une alimentation familiale grâce à une période de diversification alimentaire. C’est également au cours de cette période qu’apparaissent le babillage et la mastication tous deux associés à l’émergence d’oscillations rythmiques mandibulaires (MacNeilage, 1998). Ce geste moteur commun ainsi que la cooccurrence des troubles alimentaires et des troubles du langage/parole suggèrent l’existence d’un lien entre le développement des activités de parole et d’alimentation. À ce jour, nonseulement peu d’études ont examiné les caractéristiques du développement précoce de ces deux activités, mais il en existe aussi très peu qui ont cherché à vérifier expérimentalement ce lien. Ce projet de thèse vise à répondre à ces deux objectifs. La première partie de notre travail vise ainsi à décrire les conduites alimentaires du jeune enfant français au cours de la diversification alimentaire et à les comparer aux recommandations des organismes de santé publique (OMS, Inpes). Un questionnaire parental intitulé « Inventaire des Conduites Alimentaires » a été créé et a permis d’examiner les modalités d’introduction des aliments complémentaires, et notamment de celles des textures, au sein d’un échantillon de 806 enfants français au développement typique. La deuxième partie de notre recherche a pour objectif d’examiner le lien existant entre le babillage et la mastication au sein de deux études. En nous appuyant sur des données acoustiques et vidéo, nous avons tout d’abord examiné de manière longitudinale les trajectoires développementales des patrons temporels syllabiques etmasticatoires entre 8 et 14 mois chez 4 enfants québécois. Nous avons ensuite analysé les caractéristiques de ces patrons temporels chez 14 enfants français âgés de 10 mois en fonction du développement des gestes communicatifs et du type de textures consommées. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence un âge de transition alimentaire compris entre 4 et 5 mois ainsi qu’une introduction séquentielle des textures lors de la diversification alimentaire. Par ailleurs, les trajectoires des patronssyllabiques et masticatoires obtenues suggèrent d’une part une amélioration globale du contrôle oromoteur entre 10 et 12 mois et d’autre part que les patrons temporels syllabiques subissent l’influence du type de textures auquel l’enfant est régulièrement exposé. Nos observations font ainsi émerger des arguments en faveur de l’existence d’une interdépendance unilatérale entre les activités de parole et d’alimentation à un stade précoce du développement. / During the first years of life, the child gradually moves from an exclusively milk diet to a family diet through a period of complementary feeding. It is also during this period that babbling and mastication appear. They are both associated with the emergence of mandibular rhythmic oscillations (MacNeilage, 1998). This common motor gesture and the co-occurrenceof eating disorders and speech / language disorders suggest a link between the development of speech and eating activities. To date, only few studies described the characteristics of the early development of these two activities, and there are also very few that have tried to verify this link experimentally. This PhD project aims to meet these two goals. The first part of our workpursue the objective of describing the feeding behavior of young French children during complementary feeding period and to compare them with the recommendations of public health organizations (WHO, Inpes). A parental questionnaire entitled "Inventaire des Conduites Alimentaires" was created and allowed to examine the modalities of introduction of complementary foods, including those of textures, in a sample of 806 French typically developing children. The second part of our work aims to test the link between babbling and chewing in two studies. Using acoustic and video data we first examined longitudinally thedevelopmental trajectories of syllabic and masticatory temporal patterns between 8 and 14 months in 4 Quebecers children. Afterwards, we analyzed the characteristics of these temporal patterns in 14 French 10 months old children according to the development of communicative gestures and the type of textures consumed. The results show an average age of food transitionbetween 4 and 5 months and a sequential introduction of textures during dietary diversification. Moreover, the trajectories of the syllabic and masticatory patterns obtained suggest on the one hand an overall improvement of the oro-motor control between 10 and 12 months, and on the other hand that the syllabic temporal patterns would be influenced by the type of textures to which the child is regularly exposed. These observations thus give rise to arguments for the existence of a one-sided interdependence between speech and feeding activities at an early stage of development.

The structural organization of plant organs and tissues determine the intake potential through the ease of forage particle breakdown, the nature of the particles produced as well as the rate of passage from the rumen. The cell wall content of forages influences the amount of energy required for chewing, and accounts for a considerable proportion of the total energy requirement. In the past, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) has been used as the only feed characteristic to predict the filling effects of forages, but there is substantial evidence that NDF alone is inadequate to make these predictions. Forage fragility is defined as the relative rate at which the particle size of forages are reduced during processes such as chewing or milling, and forage fragility might be related to lignin concentration and digestibility, as well as to anatomical differences among plant species. The physical characteristics of feedstuffs are not measured regularly, and these physical characteristics in relation to their nutritional properties should be taken into account for more precise feed formulation. Through the measurement of grinding energy, the possibility exists to predict forage fragility as related to the chemical composition of forages, which could lead to improved predictions of animal chewing activity and energy usage during the process of chewing. In order to investigate the possibility of developing a model for the prediction of forage fragility, twenty eight different forage samples were collected from 11 different locations. Samples included legumes, C3- and C4- grasses. Dried samples were analysed for various chemical components, as well as 24-hour in vitro NDF digestibility (ivNDFd) and rate of NDF degradation (NDFkd). Dried samples were pre-cut with a knife mill, fitted with a 2 cm screen, after which particle size distribution for each sample was determined using a Retsch Sieve shaker. Ten g duplicate samples were milled with a laboratory hammer mill and an ultra-centrifugal mill, both fitted with a 1 mm screen, for the measurement of grinding energy. During the grinding process, energy usage of the specific mill was measured using a data logger with corresponding computer software and energy transducer. Energy measurements were reported as J/g sample on dry matter (DM) basis. The 2 cm samples were milled with the knife mill again, fitted with a 1 mm screen, after which particle size distribution was determined again to analyse change in particle distribution for each forage sample. The results of this study indicated that dry matter, nitrogen, ivNDFd, NDFkd and initial particle size (IPS) can all be associated with increased forage fragility, as there was a decrease in energy usage during grinding with an increase in any of the aforementioned components. The acid detergent fibre (ADF), NDF, total phenols (TP), non-tannic phenols (NTP), as well as the % change in particle size can all be associated with decreased forage fragility, as there was an increase in energy usage during grinding with an increase in any one of these components. It would be expected that acid detergent lignin (ADL) is also associated with decreased forage fragility; however, this can only be assumed as the results for the effect of lignin on forage fragility are inconclusive in this study. Literature on energy requirement for milling operations of forages is inadequate. Grinding energy is related to the stem mechanical properties (such as maximum cutting force and stem shear strength), and physical properties (such as stem diameter, DM density and moisture content). The use of grinding energy has the potential be a practical and useful measure to predict forage fragility, however, the relative contribution of factors such as original particle size, shape, surface area, morphology and many other factors toward the fragility of forages is difficult to predict. More research is needed on the prediction of forage fragility before it can be incorporated as a meaningful input into nutritional models such as NRC, CNCPS and AMTS. / Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / MScAgric / Unrestricted

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13100号 / 論農博第2846号 / 新制||農||1051(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H29||N5032(農学部図書室) / (主査)教授 松村 康生, 教授 裏出 令子, 教授 谷 史人 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Sixty Four caffeinated chewing gum preparations were formulated by varying the amounts of (i) cinnamaldhyde, (0-0.75%), (ii) docusate (0-0.5%) and (iii) sucrose (40-60%). The gum base consisted of 33.33% yellow beeswax and 66.66% polyisobutylene MH, and was added, adjusting for a final weight of 2 grams per gum. The amount of caffeine was maintained at 100mg. The preparations were subjected to an in vivo release study as well as a hedonic survey with a panel of student volunteers. Data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression on a mainframe computer. The resulting mathematical model was used to predict a theoretically ideal formulation, relating various concentrations of the above constituents to a global rating. The results indicated consistent release (90-100%) of caffeine for most formulations, but considerable variation was observed for the hedonic scores. A positive correlation with cinnamaldehyde and flavor was observed, while increased amounts of sugar appeared to lower the overall rating. The optimum formulation predicted by the model should contain 40% sucrose, 0.5% docusate and 0.75% cinnamaldehyde.

Syfte: Målsättningen med studien är att hos friska kvinnor utvärdera om intensiv tuggning leder till en proprioceptiv allodyni i massetermuskulaturen. Följande hypoteser testades i studien: 30 minuters intensivt tuggande leder till (1) ökad trötthet och smärta, (2) sänkt smärttröskel, (3) ökad vibrotaktil känslighet (4) samt träningsvärk i massetermuskulaturen bilateralt. Material och Metod: 16 friska kvinnor (medelålder 25.8 ± 5.0 år) deltog i studien som bestod av två 60-minuters sessioner med 24-timmars uppföljning. Vid ena sessionen tuggade försökspersonerna på ett grekiskt tuggummi (Masticha Chios) i 5-minuters intervaller under 30 minuter, och vilade vid den andra sessionen. En vibrameter användes för att mäta vibrationströskel, upplevd vibrationsintensitet och upplevd vibrationsobehag. Upplevd trötthet och upplevd smärtintensitet värderades enligt en visuell analog skala 0-100 mm (VAS skala). Smärttröskeln mättes med en algometer som applicerades på massetermuskelns fäste. Två vägs variansanalys användes för att testa utfallsvariabler för upprepade mätningar och Dunnett’s posthoc-test. Resultat: En signifikant skillnad kunde ses mellan tuggning och icke tuggning för vibrationströskeln (P < 0.001); upplevda tröttheten (P < 0.001); smärttröskeln (P < 0.01); upplevda vibrationsobehaget (P < 0.05). Inga signifikanta skillnader observerades för upplevd smärta och upplevd vibrationsobehag. Däremot kunde en signifikant ökning ses över tid för vibrationströskeln och den upplevda tröttheten. Konklusion: Våra fynd indikerar att det ej finns något samband mellan intensiv tuggning och träningsvärk i massetermuskulaturen. Däremot resulterade tuggningen i ökad muskeltrötthet och vibrationsobehag, samt signifikant högre trösklar för smärta och vibration under försökets gång. Proprioceptiv allodyni kunde ej påvisas. / Aims: To evaluate if intense chewing leads to proprioceptive allodynia in the masseter muscle, and test if (1) pain and fatigue are increased after intense chewing, (2) pressure pain thresholds are decreased after intense chewing, (3) vibration thresholds are increased after intense chewing, (5) intense vibrations exacerbate pain after intense chewing. Materials and Methods: 16 healthy female volunteers (mean age 25.8 ± 5 years) participated in two 60-minute sessions, each with 24-hour follow-ups. In the first session, the subjects were instructed to chew on a viscous chewing gum (Masticha Chios). In the other session the participant were assigned a control task where no chewing was performed. Perceived intensity of vibration and perceived discomfort were assessed with a Vibrameter® on a 0-50-100 visual analog scale (VAS). Two 0-100 mm visual analog scales measured pain intensity and perceived fatigue. The pain threshold was measured with an electronic algometer. These variables were measured to assess delayed onset muscle soreness. All measurements were made on the masseter muscles. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and Dunnett’s post hoc test was used to test for significant alterations in the outcome variables. Results: Significant differences were observed between chewing and no-activity for vibration threshold (P<0.001); perceived fatigue (P<0.001); pain threshold (P<0.01) and vibration discomfort (P<0.05). No significant differences were seen for perceived pain and perceived intensity of vibration. A significant increase over time could only be observed for vibration threshold (P<0.01) and perceived fatigue (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there is no relation between intense chewing and delayed onset muscle soreness in the masseter muscles. Intense chewing evoked moderate levels of fatigue and discomfort, and a hypoalgesia to mechanical stimulation, and reduced vibrotactile sensitivity.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores associados com a deterioração da função mastigatória autorreferida em idosos participantes do Estudo Sabe (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento) com 60 anos e mais do Município de São Paulo entre os anos de 2000 e 2006. Foi realizada pesquisa tipo caso controle aninhada a uma coorte. A população do estudo foi de 890 idosos de ambos os sexos, dos quais foram identificados 236 casos e 654 controles. Utilizou-se técnica de análise exploratória contendo dados relativos a variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas, cognitivas, saúde bucal, autoavaliação de saúde, hábitos e estilo de vida, incapacidades, acessibilidade a serviços de saúde e tipo de moradia. A distribuição do evento nos casos e controles nas categorias de exposição foi analisada utilizando-se o teste Quí-q uadrado de Pearson. Na análise univariada identificou-se as variáveis de maior associação para a elaboração do modelo de regressão logística múltipla hierárquica. Idealizado em cinco níveis: demográfico, socioeconômico, comportamental, autoavaliação de saúde geral e dificuldades e por último relacionado à dentição. Em conformidade teórica a esse tipo de modelo, na sequência apresentada, foram considerados mais distais e mais proximais ao desfecho, do primeiro nível ao último respectivamente. Após os devidos ajustes, obteve-se como resultado para risco para déficit mastigatório: referir mais da metade de dentes perdidos (OR= 1,8; p= 0,033); avaliar-se com memória ruim (OR= 2,8; p= 0,001); ser viúvo (OR= 1,6; p= 0,038); ter renda inferior a dois salários mínimos (OR= 1,9; p= 0,004 ) e ter mais que 75 anos de idade (OR= 2,0; p< 0, 0001). Sugere-se que os serviços de saúde considerem os resultados e direcionem especial atenção em educação e prevenção na população adulta, a fim de atingir a senilidade com, no mínimo, 50 por cento dos dentes nas arcadas dentárias / The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with self-reported impairment of masticatory function in elderly participants of the Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento) aged 60 and more in São Paulo between 2000 and 2006. It was done a case-control study nested within a cohort. The study population consisted of 890 elderly of both sexes, of which were identified 236 cases and 654 controls. It was used the exploratory analysis method containing data related to variables of sociodemographic and socioeconomic, cognitive, oral health, mental health and self-assessment, habits and lifestyle, disability, accessibility to health services and housing type. The distribution of the event in cases and controls of exposition categories was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. Univariable analysis identified variables were stronger association for the development of the multiple logistic regression hierarchy model. Conceived in five levels: demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and self-assessment of general health problems and ultimately related to teething. Pursuant to this kind of theoretical model, presented in sequence, were considered the most distal and proximal to the outcome of the first level to the last respectively. After the appropriate adjustments, was obtained as a result to risk for a deficit of masticatory function: refer more than half of missing teeth (OR = 1,8; p = 0.033); evaluated with poor memory (OR = 2,8; p = 0,001); being widowed (OR = 1,6; p = 0.038); having an income below two minimum wages (OR = 2,0 ; p = 0.004) and more than 75 years old. It is suggested that health services consider the results and direct special attention to education and prevention in the adult population in order to reach old age with at least 50 per cent of teeth in the dental arches

A atratividade da face está relacionada diretamente à autoestima e às relações interpessoais, envolvendo diferentes áreas da saúde, como a medicina, a odontologia e também a fonoaudiologia, porém, com critérios diferentes. Tendo em vista que a ação muscular envolvida nas funções orofaciais é dependente da estrutura na qual está inserida, alguns estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos, com maior frequência, associando a forma e a função, mas poucos relacionam a ação muscular aos aspectos estéticos que envolvem a face e a pele. Desta forma, o presente estudo buscou verificar a influência das funções orofaciais nos aspectos estéticos da face de indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial. Foram analisados os dados de 36 indivíduos com idade média de 27 anos. Estes foram distribuídos em três grupos, pareados de acordo com o gênero e idade, sendo 12 participantes com deformidade dentofacial padrão II (DDF-II), outros 12 indivíduos padrão III (DDF-III) e um grupo com 12 sujeitos com equilíbrio dentofacial, que constituiu o grupo controle (GC). A avaliação foi realizada por três examinadores especialistas em Motricidade Orofacial. A análise facial e dos aspectos miofuncionais orofaciais foi realizada a partir de fotografias e filmagens, conforme o protocolo MBGR. Já para a análise dos aspectos estéticos foi utilizado o protocolo de classificação de rugas de Glogau, a escala fotonumérica para classificação das linhas de marionete e a escala fotonumérica para sulcos no orbicular dos olhos. A partir da classificação dos três examinadores foi considerado o resultado consenso entre eles. A comparação entre os resultados obtidos para os diferentes grupos foi realizada por meio da aplicação do teste de Kruskal Wallis, seguido do teste de Miller, tendo sido verificado maior ocorrência de alterações miofuncionais para os grupos DDF-II e DDF-III quando comparados ao GC (p<0,05). Por fim, foi estudada a relação entre os aspectos miofuncionais e a análise facial, bem como entre os aspectos estéticos e miofuncionais, entre a análise facial e aspectos estéticos da face, além da correlação entre os aspectos estéticos entre si, utilizando o teste de correlação de Spearman. Foi possível observar correlação significante entre a análise facial (simetria da face e ângulo nasolabial) e a mobilidade orofacial, como também com as funções de respiração, mastigação, deglutição e fala (p<0,05), não tendo sido encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante entre a análise facial e os aspectos estéticos, exceto para ângulo nasolabial e sulcos na testa (p<0,03). Entre a análise estética da face e aspectos miofuncionais não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante. Houve correlação entre os aspectos estéticos, sendo: sulco no prócero e sulcos verticais nos lábios, sulcos no orbicular dos olhos e sulco nasogeniano bem como sulcos no orbicular dos olhos e linhas de marionete (p<0.01). Desta forma, conclui-se que as funções orofaciais influenciam a simetria da face, tendo sido verificada relação entre o ângulo nasolabial e as funções orofaciais em indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial. Além disso, os aspectos estéticos de terço superior se correlacionaram com os do terço inferior da face, nos indivíduos deste estudo. / The face attractiveness is directly related to self-esteem and interpersonal relationships, involving different areas of health, such as medicine, dentistry and also Speech Pathology, but with different criteria. Considering that the muscular action involved in orofacial functions is dependent on the structure in which it operates, some studies have been conducted, linking form and function, but few relate to aesthetic muscular action involving the face and skin. Thus, this study sought to ascertain the influence of the orofacial functions in the aesthetic aspects of individuals with dentofacial deformity. We analyzed data from 36 subjects with average age of 27 years old. These were divided into three groups, matched according to the gender and age, participating 12 individuals with dentofacial deformity pattern II (DFD-II), another 12 pattern III individuals (DFD-III) and a group of 12 individuals with dentofacial balance, which constituted the Control Group (CG). The evaluation was performed by three expert examiners in Orofacial Motricity. The facial and orofacial myofunctional aspects analysis was done from photographs and recordings, according to the MBGR protocol. For the analysis of the aesthetic aspects it was used the Glogaus classification of wrinkles protocol, the photonumeric scale for classifying the marionette fine lines and the photonumeric escale for grooves in the musculature of the eyes. From the classification of the three examiners, the result obtained was a consensus. The comparison among the results from the different groups was performed applying the Kruskal Walliss test followed by Millers test, has been found a higher incidence of myofunctional alterations for DFD groups II and III compared to CG (p<0.05). In addition, it was studied the relationship between the myofunctional aspects and facial analysis, as well as the aesthetic and myofunctional aspects, the facial analysis and aesthetic aspects of the face, besides the correlation of the aesthetic aspects among themselves, using the Spearman correlation test. It was observed a significant correlation between the facial analysis (symmetry of the face and nasolabial angle) and the orofacial mobility, breathing, chewing, swallowing and speech functions (p<0.05), with no statistically significant correlation between facial analysis and aesthetic aspects, except for the nasolabial angle and furrows on the forehead (p<0.03). Between the aesthetic facial analysis and myofunctional aspects it was not found correlation statistically significant. There was a correlation between aesthetic aspects, namely: furrows in the procerus and vertical grooves on the lips, bumps on the musculature of the eyes and nasolabial folds, as well as grooves in the eyes muscles and marionette fine lines (p<0.01). Therefore, it is concluded that the orofacial functions influence the face symmetry, and it was also verified a relation between the nasolabial angle and the orofacial functions in individuals with dentofacial deformity. Furthermore, the aesthetics aspects of the upper third face correlated with the lower third, in the individuals in this study.

A atratividade da face está relacionada diretamente à autoestima e às relações interpessoais, envolvendo diferentes áreas da saúde, como a medicina, a odontologia e também a fonoaudiologia, porém, com critérios diferentes. Tendo em vista que a ação muscular envolvida nas funções orofaciais é dependente da estrutura na qual está inserida, alguns estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos, com maior frequência, associando a forma e a função, mas poucos relacionam a ação muscular aos aspectos estéticos que envolvem a face e a pele. Desta forma, o presente estudo buscou verificar a influência das funções orofaciais nos aspectos estéticos da face de indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial. Foram analisados os dados de 36 indivíduos com idade média de 27 anos. Estes foram distribuídos em três grupos, pareados de acordo com o gênero e idade, sendo 12 participantes com deformidade dentofacial padrão II (DDF-II), outros 12 indivíduos padrão III (DDF-III) e um grupo com 12 sujeitos com equilíbrio dentofacial, que constituiu o grupo controle (GC). A avaliação foi realizada por três examinadores especialistas em Motricidade Orofacial. A análise facial e dos aspectos miofuncionais orofaciais foi realizada a partir de fotografias e filmagens, conforme o protocolo MBGR. Já para a análise dos aspectos estéticos foi utilizado o protocolo de classificação de rugas de Glogau, a escala fotonumérica para classificação das linhas de marionete e a escala fotonumérica para sulcos no orbicular dos olhos. A partir da classificação dos três examinadores foi considerado o resultado consenso entre eles. A comparação entre os resultados obtidos para os diferentes grupos foi realizada por meio da aplicação do teste de Kruskal Wallis, seguido do teste de Miller, tendo sido verificado maior ocorrência de alterações miofuncionais para os grupos DDF-II e DDF-III quando comparados ao GC (p<0,05). Por fim, foi estudada a relação entre os aspectos miofuncionais e a análise facial, bem como entre os aspectos estéticos e miofuncionais, entre a análise facial e aspectos estéticos da face, além da correlação entre os aspectos estéticos entre si, utilizando o teste de correlação de Spearman. Foi possível observar correlação significante entre a análise facial (simetria da face e ângulo nasolabial) e a mobilidade orofacial, como também com as funções de respiração, mastigação, deglutição e fala (p<0,05), não tendo sido encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante entre a análise facial e os aspectos estéticos, exceto para ângulo nasolabial e sulcos na testa (p<0,03). Entre a análise estética da face e aspectos miofuncionais não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante. Houve correlação entre os aspectos estéticos, sendo: sulco no prócero e sulcos verticais nos lábios, sulcos no orbicular dos olhos e sulco nasogeniano bem como sulcos no orbicular dos olhos e linhas de marionete (p<0.01). Desta forma, conclui-se que as funções orofaciais influenciam a simetria da face, tendo sido verificada relação entre o ângulo nasolabial e as funções orofaciais em indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial. Além disso, os aspectos estéticos de terço superior se correlacionaram com os do terço inferior da face, nos indivíduos deste estudo. / The face attractiveness is directly related to self-esteem and interpersonal relationships, involving different areas of health, such as medicine, dentistry and also Speech Pathology, but with different criteria. Considering that the muscular action involved in orofacial functions is dependent on the structure in which it operates, some studies have been conducted, linking form and function, but few relate to aesthetic muscular action involving the face and skin. Thus, this study sought to ascertain the influence of the orofacial functions in the aesthetic aspects of individuals with dentofacial deformity. We analyzed data from 36 subjects with average age of 27 years old. These were divided into three groups, matched according to the gender and age, participating 12 individuals with dentofacial deformity pattern II (DFD-II), another 12 pattern III individuals (DFD-III) and a group of 12 individuals with dentofacial balance, which constituted the Control Group (CG). The evaluation was performed by three expert examiners in Orofacial Motricity. The facial and orofacial myofunctional aspects analysis was done from photographs and recordings, according to the MBGR protocol. For the analysis of the aesthetic aspects it was used the Glogaus classification of wrinkles protocol, the photonumeric scale for classifying the marionette fine lines and the photonumeric escale for grooves in the musculature of the eyes. From the classification of the three examiners, the result obtained was a consensus. The comparison among the results from the different groups was performed applying the Kruskal Walliss test followed by Millers test, has been found a higher incidence of myofunctional alterations for DFD groups II and III compared to CG (p<0.05). In addition, it was studied the relationship between the myofunctional aspects and facial analysis, as well as the aesthetic and myofunctional aspects, the facial analysis and aesthetic aspects of the face, besides the correlation of the aesthetic aspects among themselves, using the Spearman correlation test. It was observed a significant correlation between the facial analysis (symmetry of the face and nasolabial angle) and the orofacial mobility, breathing, chewing, swallowing and speech functions (p<0.05), with no statistically significant correlation between facial analysis and aesthetic aspects, except for the nasolabial angle and furrows on the forehead (p<0.03). Between the aesthetic facial analysis and myofunctional aspects it was not found correlation statistically significant. There was a correlation between aesthetic aspects, namely: furrows in the procerus and vertical grooves on the lips, bumps on the musculature of the eyes and nasolabial folds, as well as grooves in the eyes muscles and marionette fine lines (p<0.01). Therefore, it is concluded that the orofacial functions influence the face symmetry, and it was also verified a relation between the nasolabial angle and the orofacial functions in individuals with dentofacial deformity. Furthermore, the aesthetics aspects of the upper third face correlated with the lower third, in the individuals in this study.