No description available.

No description available.

An emulator is a computer program that mimics the behavior of a production facility as seen by the control program. Emulation has been used as a tool for dynamic, off-line testing of control software for automated manufacturing systems. However, research efforts in emulation have focused mainly on controllers for equipment, AGVS, and workstations. This research focuses on emulation for testing shop control software. Though conceptually simple, emulator development efforts tend to be ad hoc in nature and lack a strong conceptual framework. Currently, the effort involved in developing an emulation model may outweigh the potential benefits. The approach used in this research centers around adapting a detailed simulation model, i.e., used for testing control strategies, for emulation, i.e., control software testing. This approach promotes software reuse and thus limits the emulation development task. Due to the limitations of conventional simulation languages and modeling techniques, a simulation model is not readily adapted for emulation. The main problems lie in turning off the control logic in a simulation and interfacing the model to the actual controller. An object-oriented modeling methodology was developed for systematically transitioning from simulation to emulation. Basically, the method calis for encapsulating manufacturing control logic into controller objects and modeling the system from the perspective of exchange of messages among controllers. The developed method also promotes the rapid development of a driver for verification and validation of the emulation model. A prototype system was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the emulation development method. The MODSIM II language for object-oriented simulation was used to implement the object classes. The second issue addressed is the ability to use emulation to test shop control system in faster-than-real-time (FRT) mode. Currently it is necessary to test the system in real-time, which makes it impractical to observe extended operation of the shop. The mixed-mode emulation method, which switches time-advance between real-time and next-event modes, was developed. Issues in implementing and using the mixed-mode and the delay-scaling technique for FRT emulation were discussed. Experimental results showed that mixed-mode emulation had the potential to reduce run-times by more than 50% over real-time emulation. / Ph. D.

Die Industrie ist im Wandel. Die Grenzen zwischen Industrien, Anwendungsbereichen und Unternehmen verschwinden immer weiter, sind teils kaum noch in ihrer alten Ausprägung zu erkennen. Auch die industrielle Automation kann und sollte sich diesem Trend nicht entziehen. Immer mehr Technologien und Paradigmen anderer Bereiche gewinnen an Bedeutung. Hinzu kommt, dass die Anzahl und die Vielfalt an Geräten, Anwendungen, Anforderungen und Technologien stetig wächst. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Ansätzen, die es ermöglichen, einigen Aspekten der wachsenden Komplexität zu begegnen. Dabei handelt es sich um Technologien und Konzepte zum Thema Management, genauer zum Netzwerk-, System- und Dienste-Management. Ziel ist es nicht nur einen Ansatz zu finden, der gegenwärtigen Ansprüchen genügt, sondern auch noch für kommende Entwicklungen geeignet ist.

Die Industrie ist im Wandel. Die Grenzen zwischen Industrien, Anwendungsbereichen und Unternehmen verschwinden immer weiter, sind teils kaum noch in ihrer alten Ausprägung zu erkennen. Auch die industrielle Automation kann und sollte sich diesem Trend nicht entziehen. Immer mehr Technologien und Paradigmen anderer Bereiche gewinnen an Bedeutung. Hinzu kommt, dass die Anzahl und die Vielfalt an Geräten, Anwendungen, Anforderungen und Technologien stetig wächst. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Ansätzen, die es ermöglichen, einigen Aspekten der wachsenden Komplexität zu begegnen. Dabei handelt es sich um Technologien und Konzepte zum Thema Management, genauer zum Netzwerk-, System- und Dienste-Management. Ziel ist es nicht nur einen Ansatz zu finden, der gegenwärtigen Ansprüchen genügt, sondern auch noch für kommende Entwicklungen geeignet ist.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Os Mollicutes causam doenças em várias espécies animais de importância econômica, inclusive em bovinos. Neste estudo, foi avaliada por concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e citometria de fluxo, a atividade de oito agentes antibacterianos (enrofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, claritromicina, cloranfenicol, oxitetraclina, tiamulina e tilosina) contra Ureaplasma diversum. Foram analisadas 24 amostras de isolados de campo oriundas da mucosa genital de fêmeas bovinas. As amostras foram confirmadas por crescimento em caldo, placa e por PCR. Os inóculos foram submetidos à analise de suscetibilidade aos antibióticos pelo método da microdiluição em microplaca e posteriormente analisados pelo citômetro de fluxo a fim de avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana nas células. A claritromicina apresentou os maiores índices de inibição in vitro, sendo a gentamicina considerada o antibiótico de menor espectro de ação nesse estudo. De acordo com as análises do citômetro, a gentamicina apresentou o menor número de células viáveis enquanto a tiamulina apresentou o maior número. Embora haja resultados destoantes entre as técnicas utilizadas, o citômetro de fluxo pode ser utilizado como uma boa ferramenta para auxiliar a avaliação da suscetibilidade desses microrganismos a antibióticos. / The Mollicutes cause disease in several economically important species, including cattle. In this study, was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and flow cytometry, the activity of eight antibacterial agents (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, clarithromycin, chloramphenicol, oxitetraclina, tiamulin and tylosin) against Ureaplasma diversum. We analyzed 24 samples of field isolates originating from the genital mucosa of cows. The samples were confirmed by growth in broth, plate, and PCR. The inoculations were subjected to analysis of susceptibility to antibiotics by the method of micro-dilution plate and then analyzed by flow cytometry to assess the antimicrobial activity in cells. Clarithromycin showed the highest levels of inhibition in vitro, the antibiotic gentamicin considered lower spectrum of action in this study. According to the analysis of the flow cytometer, gentamicin showed the lowest number of viable cells as tiamulin showed the greatest number. Although there are divergent results between the techniques used, flow cytometry can be used as a good tool even help assess the susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics.

Os Mollicutes causam doenças em várias espécies animais de importância econômica, inclusive em bovinos. Neste estudo, foi avaliada por concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e citometria de fluxo, a atividade de oito agentes antibacterianos (enrofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, claritromicina, cloranfenicol, oxitetraclina, tiamulina e tilosina) contra Ureaplasma diversum. Foram analisadas 24 amostras de isolados de campo oriundas da mucosa genital de fêmeas bovinas. As amostras foram confirmadas por crescimento em caldo, placa e por PCR. Os inóculos foram submetidos à analise de suscetibilidade aos antibióticos pelo método da microdiluição em microplaca e posteriormente analisados pelo citômetro de fluxo a fim de avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana nas células. A claritromicina apresentou os maiores índices de inibição in vitro, sendo a gentamicina considerada o antibiótico de menor espectro de ação nesse estudo. De acordo com as análises do citômetro, a gentamicina apresentou o menor número de células viáveis enquanto a tiamulina apresentou o maior número. Embora haja resultados destoantes entre as técnicas utilizadas, o citômetro de fluxo pode ser utilizado como uma boa ferramenta para auxiliar a avaliação da suscetibilidade desses microrganismos a antibióticos. / The Mollicutes cause disease in several economically important species, including cattle. In this study, was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and flow cytometry, the activity of eight antibacterial agents (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, clarithromycin, chloramphenicol, oxitetraclina, tiamulin and tylosin) against Ureaplasma diversum. We analyzed 24 samples of field isolates originating from the genital mucosa of cows. The samples were confirmed by growth in broth, plate, and PCR. The inoculations were subjected to analysis of susceptibility to antibiotics by the method of micro-dilution plate and then analyzed by flow cytometry to assess the antimicrobial activity in cells. Clarithromycin showed the highest levels of inhibition in vitro, the antibiotic gentamicin considered lower spectrum of action in this study. According to the analysis of the flow cytometer, gentamicin showed the lowest number of viable cells as tiamulin showed the greatest number. Although there are divergent results between the techniques used, flow cytometry can be used as a good tool even help assess the susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics.

No description available.

Présentation de concepts issus de la cotation volumique qui répondent aux besoins d'un système CFAO integré allant de la conception à la fabrication. Validation de ces concepts et des méthodes par implantation d'un logiciel de conception automatique de gammes d'usinage appelé Gagmat