<p>Till följd av internationalisering och globalisering har vikten av kunskap om interkulturella fenomen blivit allt viktigare. Genom att öka den kulturella medvetenheten, kan de kulturkrockar och missförstånd som okunskap ger upphov till i förlängningen förebyggas, och resultatet och utbytet av denna interaktion förbättras. Syftet med den här studien var att lyfta fram kunskap om hur interkulturell träning är uppbyggd och utifrån vilka antaganden om interkulturell kompetens utbildningsanordnare utformar sina träningsprogram. Vår teoretiska referensram utgjordes av bland annat centrala kulturella begrepp och Hofstedes kulturella dimensioner. Vi genomförde sju stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med utbildningsanordnare runt om i Sverige. Ur materialet växte ett antal kategorier fram rörande interkulturell tränings utformning och syfte, rörande utvärdering av interkulturell träning, stöd för expatriater, utvecklingen av interkulturell träning i Sverige, samt kostnader förknippade med interkulturell träning. Resultaten pekade på att interkulturella träningsprogram i stort sett är utformade på liknande sätt, där teori kombineras med praktik, och element som kulturchock, anpassningsprocessen, interkulturell kommunikation och svårigheter kring repatriation belyses. Interkulturell träning skall ge en ökad förståelse och medvetenhet inom ramen av interkultur och skräddarsys efter varje individs och organisations specifika behov och önskemål. Studiens resultat stödde i mångt och mycket tidigare forskningsresultat, men konkluderade också att det fortfarande finns stora brister när det kommer till mängden träning och utvärdering av denna. Följaktligen lämnade resultatet mycket att önska av framtida forskning och inte minst av dagens internationella företag, som fortfarande inte insett vilken framgångsfaktor interkulturell träning är.</p> / <p>Due to internationalisation and globalisation, the significance of intercultural competence has become more and more important. By increasing cultural awareness, the culture shocks and misunderstandings that ignorance fuels can in the long run be prevented, and the result and exchange of this interaction can be improved. The purpose of this study was to bring knowledge to how intercultural training is composed and from which assumptions concerning intercultural competence, education organisers design their training programs. The theoretical frame of reference constituted central cultural elements as well as Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Seven semi-structured interviews, with education organisers in Sweden, were carried out. From the information gathered, a number of categories was found regarding intercultural training design, evaluation of intercultural training, support for expatriates, the development of intercultural training in Sweden, and costs associated with intercultural training. The results showed that intercultural training programs are mostly similarly designed where theory is combined with practice sessions and they illustrate culture shock, the U-curve, intercultural communication, and the difficulties concerning repatriation, among other things. Intercultural training shall give an increased understanding and awareness within the frame of interculture and be customised to fit the needs and desires of each individual and each organisation. The results of the study to great extent supported earlier research results, but also established that there are great flaws as regards to the amount of training and the evaluation of the same. Consequently, the results left much to desire of future research, not least from today’s international organisations, which still have not realized the success factor that intercultural training is.</p>

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

The purpose with this study is to enlighten and discuss the information and communication which is spreading through social media, about the tourist operators and also to examine the operators view on social media. Social media can be described as a tool to use word of mouth on the Internet. To make this possible, five actors involved in tourism were picked on Gotland and interviewed for a content analysis. The results showed that the use of social media as an information channel before the consumer buys a trip, has increased. The study also shows that the selected actors have a lot of work to do, before they understand how to use the social media in their best interest for further developing their companies. But as an overall result we can conclude that “word of mouth” is the most desired information for both producers and consumers, especially the positive “word of mouth”, from the producer’s prospect of view. Social media contributes for the possibility to make the information available for more people in a faster way.

Zugl.: Bern, University, Diss., 2004.

Thesis (M.I.T.)--The Evergreen State College, 2009. / Title from title screen (viewed 7/29/2009). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145--152).

In this study a phenomenographic theoretical perspective is taken as departure for research on manifested critical thinking in civics among Swedish ninth-grade compulsory school students. According to the phenomenographic perspective students’ manifestations of critical thinking are linked to the way of experiencing the phenomena inducing a manifestation of critical thinking. Thus differences between students’ manifestations of critical thinking are linked to differences in the way of experiencing the phenomena inducing a manifestation of critical thinking. The empirical investigation in this study revolves around how 19 ninth-grade students experience four different tasks designed to induce manifestations of critical thinking. In broad terms the main aim of the study is to describe the students’ different ways of experiencing each specific task and furthermore, to link each specific way of experiencing a specific task to a specific type of manifested critical thinking in relation to that task. A more overarching aim is to offer and test the phenomenographic theoretical perspective as a way of conducting research on manifested critical thinking. The empirical results show how the way of experiencing a specific task plays a decisive roll for the type of manifested critical thinking, made possible in relation to the specific task. A more complex way of experiencing the task can be linked to a more complex manifestation of critical thinking in relation to the task. A less complex way of experiencing the task can be linked to a less complex manifestation of critical thinking in relation to the task. The study also suggests how these empirical results can be used in a pedagogical situation in order to enhance students manifested critical thinking in civics. Concerning the more overarching aim the study strongly points to a further use of the phenomenographic perspective when conducting research on students manifested critical thinking.

The aim of my work is to show the position of monotheistic religions, namely Christianity, Judaism and Islam, in civics textbooks and in the eyes of today's teachers and pupils in the primary schools. Today´s Czech society does not attach more importance to religion, even though they constitute a significant part of our and the world´s history. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical section are described the basic information about textbooks and further analysis of the civics textbooks that contain the topic of religion, since the 90s of the last century to the present. There is also a history outline and present of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The main task, in the practical part, is to review and evaluate the attitudes of today's teachers and students for teaching religion in civic education in primary school. The research was conducted using questionnaires, which are suitable for obtaining information related to this issue. To compare the research, there was also added 8 years gymnasium, concretely the lower level together with two primary schools.

Orientador: Ana Clara Bortoleto Nery / Banca: Maria Sylvia Simões Bueno / Banca: Arilda Inês Miranda Ribeiro / Resumo: Nesta dissertação de Mestrado temos como objetivo analisar os periódicos educacionais publicados pela antiga Escola Normal de São Carlos durante o período de 1911 a 1923, privilegiando os temas educação moral, civismo e higiene com o propósito de compreender como tais temas foram apropriados pelos diretores, professores e alunos dessa escola de formação de professores, constituindo-se, assim, num conjunto de saberes necessários a esta formação. Temos como fontes principais o periódico Excelsior! (1911-1916), a Revista da Escola Normal de São Carlos (1916-1923) e o jornal O Raio Verde (1917-1918). O recorte temporal escolhido compreende o primeiro ano de publicação da revista Excelsior! (1911) e se estende até o último ano de publicação da Revista da Escola Normal de São Carlos (1923), englobando o período de publicação do jornal O Raio Verde (1917-1918). Como resultados, apresentamos a constatação de que tanto os professores quanto os alunos da Escola Normal de São Carlos viam a educação como meio eficaz para a promoção do progresso do Brasil e viam o professor como elemento fundamental para ensinar e divulgar, por meio de seus atos, os preceitos cívicos, morais e higiênicos considerados necessários para promover a unidade nacional e o soerguimento moral do país / Abstract: In this Master Thesis we have to analyze the educational journal published by the former São Carlos Normal School during the period 1911 to 1923, focusing on issues moral education, civics and hygiene in order to understand how such themes were appropriated by the principals, teachers and students of this school teacher training, becoming thus a set of knowledge required for this training. We have as main sources the newspaper Excelsior! (1911-1916), the Revista da Escola Normal de São Carlos (1916-1923) and the newspaper O Raio Verde (1917-1918). The chosen time frame includes the first year of publication of the magazine Excelsior! (1911) and extends to the final year of publication of the Revista da Escola Normal de São Carlos (1923) encompassing the period of newspaper publication O Raio Verde (1917-1918). As results, we present evidence that both teachers and students of the São Carlos Normal School saw education as an effective means to promote the progress of Brazil and saw the teacher as key to teach and disseminate, through their actions the precepts civic, moral and hygienic deemed necessary to promote national unity and moral uplift of the country / Mestre

Studiens syfte är att undersöka samhällskunskapslärares förståelse av och arbete med jämställdhet i årskurs 4-6. Detta eftersom Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet 2011 framför att skolan ska främja jämställdhet mellan kvinnor och män (Skolverket, 2017c). Den teori som inspirerat studien är hermeneutik. I studien har sex lärare som arbetar i årskurs 4-6 från 4 olika kommunala skolor deltagit. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer har det visat sig att lärare generellt förstår jämställdhet som när flickor och pojkar har samma rättigheter och skyldigheter. Hälften av lärarna kopplar samman jämställdhet med jämlikhet. Jämställdhet lyfts både spontant och som planerad undervisning i klassrummet och samtliga lärare arbetar med jämställdhet ur ett historiskt perspektiv så att eleverna får syn på dåtid och nutid. Det är av vikt att lärare gör sig själva och sina elever medvetna om jämställdhet. Trots det samtalas det ytterst lite om jämställdhet mellan lärare. / The aim of this study is to investigate civics teachers's understanding and work with gender equality in elementary school. This because the curriculum in Sweden, Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet 2011 proposes that the school should promote gender equality beteen woman and men (Skolverket, 2017c). The theory which has inspired this study is hermeneutic. In this study, sex teachers have participated and they all working in elementary school from four local schools. Through semi-structed interviews the result shows that teachers in general understand that gender equality is when girls and boys have the same rights and obligations. Half of the teachers connect gender euality with equality. Gender equality is mentioned both spontaneously and as planned education it the classroom and all teachers work with gender equality from a historical persepctive. This make the pupils able to visualise past and present. It is important that teachers make themselves and their pupils aware of gender equality. Despite that, teachers speak very little about gender equality with each other.

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