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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka aktuell praxis bland optikeri Sverige vad gäller evidensbaserat arbete för att främja god compliance hoskontaktlinspatienter, samt att belysa de eventuella områden där optiker iSverige kan förbättra sitt arbete i ovan nämnda avseende. Metod: En online-baserad enkät med 28 frågor togs fram och delades medOptikerförbundets medlemmar samt via Facebookgruppen Optikforum. Svaren sammanställdes och analyserades. Utvalda frågor poängsattes därmaxpoäng innebar “godkänt”, alltså att deltagaren alltid gör det somefterfrågas i enkäten, i enlighet med Kvalitetsnorm i synvården. Resultat: Antal svarande var 196, varav 190 inkluderades. 108 av dessaarbetade självständigt, alltså utan delegation till annan personal, vidnytillpassning, återbesök samt årskontroll vid kontaktlinstillpassning, ochpoängsattes därför. 24% av de 108 erhöll full poäng och ansågs arbetaevidensbaserat för att främja god kontaktlinsrelaterad compliance. Områdendär dessa 108 optiker fick lägst poäng, och således skulle kunna förbättra sittarbete för att främja kontaktlinsrelaterad compliance, var informerande av:vikten av egenkontroll av ögonen, vikten av rätt skötselrutin om patientenanvänder smink, hur länge kontaktlinserna bör gnuggas samt vikten avlinsvila. Hos de samtliga 190 inkluderades svar framkom att 4 av 5 optiker isamband med årskontroll aldrig eller sällan ber sina patienter att visa hur derengör sina kontaktlinser, eller ber sina patienter visa hur de sätter i- och tarur sina kontaktlinser. Slutsats: Alla optiker i denna studie arbetade inte helt och hålletevidensbaserat. Denna studie visade att optiker i Sveriges arbete med attfrämja kontaktlinsrelaterad compliance kan förbättras, bland annat vad gällertillhandahållande av patientinformation. Detta kan bidra till ökad compliancehos denna patientgrupp, vilket i sin tur kan minska risken förkontaktlinsrelaterade komplikationer. Ökad tillgång till extra utbildning omkontaktlinser för optikerna skulle också kunna förbättra detta arbete. / Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate current practiceamongst optometrists in Sweden regarding evidence-based work toencourage compliance in their contact lens patients. Moreover, to highlightthe potential areas where the optometrists possibly could improve their workwithin the field of encouraging contact lens-related compliance. Method: An online based survey was developed and shared with membersof the Swedish Optometrists’s Association, Optikerförbundet, and theFacebook-group ‘Optikforum’. The responses were compiled and analysed.Selected questions were scored, where the maximum score amounted to a“passing grade”, meaning that the participant always does what is requestedin the questionnaire, in accordance with the Quality Norm of vision care. Result: The number of respondents was 196, of which 190 were included.108 of these worked independently, i.e. without delegation to other staff,during new fitting, return visits and annual control during contact lens fitting,and were therefore scored. 24% of the 108 received full points and wereconsidered to be working evidence-based to encourage contact lens-relatedcompliance. Areas where these 108 opticians scored the lowest, and thuscould improve their work to encourage contact lens-related compliance, wereinformative of: the importance of self-examination of the eyes, theimportance of the correct care routine if the patient wears make-up, how longthe contact lenses should be rubbed and the importance of contact lens rest.In the responses of all 190 included, it emerged that 4 out of 5 opticians inconnection with the annual check-up never or rarely ask their patients toshow how they clean their contact lenses, nor ask their patients to show howthey put in and take out their contact lenses. Conclusion: All optometrists in this study were not always working in anevidence-based manner. This study showed that optometrists in Sweden’swork to encourage contact lens-related compliance can be improved, one ofthem being in terms of providing patient information. This can contribute toincreased compliance in this patient group, which in turn can reduce the riskof contact lens-related complications. Increasing the amount of extraeducation for the optometrists regarding contact lenses, could also improvetheir work in this regard.

Text in English and Arabic / In pre-colonial Africa, the Southwestern Sahara which includes Mauritania, Mali and Senegal belonged to what was then referred to as the Sudan and extended from the Atlantic seaboard to the Red Sea. The advent of Islam and the Arabic language to West Africa in the 11th century heralded an intellectual marathon whose literary output still fascinates us today. At a time when Europe was emerging from the dark ages and Africa was for most Europeans a terra incognita, indigenous African scholars were composing treatises as diverse as mathematics, agriculture and the Islamic sciences. A twentieth century Mauritanian, Arabic monograph, Irshād al- Muqallidīn ʿinda ikhtilāf al-Mujtahidīn1, written circa 1910/1332, by a yet unknown Mauritanian jurist of the Mālikī School, Bāba bin al-Shaykh Sīdī al- Shinqīṭī al-Ntishā-ī (d.1920/1342), a member of the muchacclaimed Shinqīṭī fraternity of scholars, is a fine example of African literary accomplishment. This manuscript hereinafter referred to as the Irshād, is written within the legal framework of Islamic jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh). A science that relies for the most part on the intellectual and interpretive competence of the independent jurist, or mujtahid, in the application of the methodologies employed in the extraction of legal norms from the primary sources of the sharīʿah. The subject matter of the Irshād deals with the question of juristic differences. Juristic differences invariably arise when a mujtahid exercises his academic freedom to clarify or resolve conundrums in the law and to postulate legal norms. Other independent jurists (mujtahidūn) may posit different legal norms because of the exercise of their individual interpretive skills. These differences, when they are deemed juristically irreconcilable, are called ikhtilāfāt (pl. of ikhtilāf). The author of the Irshād explores a corollary of the ikhtilāf narrative and posits the hypothesis that there ought not to be ikhtilāf in the sharīʿah. The proposed research will comprise an annotated translation of the monograph followed by a synopsis and commentary on its dominant themes. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D. Litt. et Phil. (Islamic Studies)

There has existed for many years a memory enhancement technique ("memory pegs") that although having dramatic demonstrable success in some individual cases has not been generally applied in education. The emergence of constructivist epistemology has emphasised the notion that learning occurs as a result of connecting new material with previously learnt concepts. There is, therefore, the implication that effective learning requires some previous knowledge upon which to attach new concepts - and thus realisation of the importance of learning with respect to acquiring factual information as a prerequisite to learning new processes and/or skills. This issue has focussed my attention on the need to ensure that the more physiological skills of accessing 'memory', both for learning and recall, are optimised for maximum learning. Further, there are some indications that the physiological skills of memory access (storage and retrieval) may respond favourably to training and 'exercise'. This study was designed to find out whether or not a repeated 'exercise' using a simple memory enhancement technique would lead to a determinable and statistically significant increase in overall performance in a range of cognitive skills (as indicated by science and mathematics examination results), whether learning such a technique would affect a student's attitudes towards science, whether there was a relationship between the amount of time spent practicing the technique and the degree of effect, and whether the memory technique did actually improve the ability to recall lists of objects.

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Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.