Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATO MEDEIROS DE SOUZA.pdf: 974335 bytes, checksum: be59b2c0e483692792eb66aa1fbed9fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-04 / The present study sought to analyze and understand the reason for the existence and growth of gated communities in Goiania. This type of housing arises in the 1970s, but recently received a new impulse, which demonstrates the desire for security and exclusivity of collective spaces. The search for security, in constant flight of urban violence has contributed to the increase of this type of housing. The results show that the environment of horizontal condominiums has good security, being the main aspects related to that the presence of physical barriers that surround the restricted and controlled access and other security devices such as cameras and closed circuit TV. Therefore, to analyze and contextualize this process was the basis for the discussion of this work. / O presente trabalho buscou analisar e compreender o motivo da existência e do crescimento dos condomínios fechados em Goiânia. Esse tipo de habitação surge na década de 1970, mas recentemente recebeu um novo impulso, que demonstra os desejos de segurança e exclusividade dos espaços coletivos. A busca por segurança, na constante fuga da violência urbana, tem contribuído para o aumento desse modelo de habitação. Os resultados mostram que o ambiente dos condomínios fechados horizontais apresenta uma boa segurança interna, sendo os principais aspectos relacionados a isso a presença das barreiras físicas que os circundam; o acesso restrito e controlado e outros aparatos de segurança como câmeras e circuito de TV. Portanto, analisar e contextualizar esse processo foi a base da discussão desse trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silvia rodrigues.pdf: 7181678 bytes, checksum: 9863cd6581b01a299bf7d4d4b1d0b58c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-26 / There is a dispersive thinking about closed plots of lands and residential condominiums which are types of new configurations in the Brazilian territory. The objective of this work is analyzes the kinds of homes in condominiums, closed between wall. It presents milestones of all the home condominiums implementations in S?o Jos? do Rio Preto city. The main goal is to analyze the increasing growing of closed plots and residential condominiums implementation mainly in the 90?s, which are the main economic groups playing in the city, how these entrepreneurs achieved the real estate market of closed plots and residential condominiums, what is the government role and how it contributes for the implementation of these units. It also identifies the relation between the government and the real estate agents and discus the changes in the regulatory laws to benefit the residents and real estate agents. It analyzes some theoretical reflections in order to go deeper into the understanding of the social and territorial complex impacts, caused by the implementation of closed plots and residential condominiums. / Reflex?o sobre loteamentos fechados e condom?nios residenciais, que s?o tipos das novas configura??es e se d?o de forma dispersa no territ?rio. Este trabalho busca analisar esses tipos de moradia de forma condominial, fechada entre muros. Apresenta o hist?rico de implanta??o de todos os conjuntos residenciais na cidade de S?o Jos? do Rio Preto. O principal objetivo ? analisar a crescente expans?o da implanta??o de loteamentos fechados e condom?nios residenciais (principalmente na d?cada de 90), quais os principais grupos econ?micos que atuam na cidade e de que forma esses empreendedores chegaram ao mercado imobili?rio de loteamentos e condom?nios residenciais, e qual ? a participa??o do poder p?blico e de que forma ele contribui para a implanta??o desses conjuntos. O trabalho tamb?m identifica a rela??o entre o poder p?blico e os agentes imobili?rios e a troca na legisla??o para favorecimento de moradores e empreendedores imobili?rios. H? an?lise de algumas reflex?es te?ricas a fim de aprofundar os entendimentos sobre os impactos sociais e territoriais, mais complexos, causados pela implanta??o de loteamentos fechados e condom?nios residenciais.

Estudamos exemplos de métricas Finsler simétricas e não-simétricas em S^n, CP^n e HP^n com uma quantidade finita de geodésicas fechadas ou com uma quantidade pequena de geodésicas fechadas \"curtas\". São os chamados exemplos de Katok. Usamos como referência o artigo \"Geometry of the Katok examples\" de Wolfgang Ziller. Verificamos que existem métricas Finsler cujo número de geodésicas fechadas é 2n (no caso de S^ e S^), n(n+1) (no caso de CP^n) e 2n(n+1) (no caso de CP^n). Tais exemplos são construídos numa vizinhança qualquer da métrica Riemanniana canônica dessas variedades. / We study examples of symmetric and non-symmetric Finsler metrics on S^n, CP^n and HP^n with a finite number of closed geodesics or with a small number of \"short\" closed geodesics. These are the well known Katok\'s examples. We use Ziller\'s article Geometry of the Katok examples. We exhibit Finsler metrics whose number of closed geodesics is 2n (in the case of S^ and S^), n(n+1) (in the case of CP^n) and 2n(n+1) (in the case of HP^n). Such examples are found in any neighborhood of the canonical Riemannian metric on these manifolds.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar uma exposição detalhada do Teorema de Poincaré-Andronov-Hopf para uma família de transformações do plano. Apresentaremos também uma aplicação a um sistema dinâmico que modela a evolução do preço e excesso de demanda em um mercado constituído por uma única mercadoria. / The main purpose of this work is to present a detailed exposition of the Poincaré-Andronov-Hopf Theorem for a family of transformations in the plane. We also present an application to a dynamical system modelling the evolution of the price and the excess demand in a single asset market.

In the 1980s and 1990s, Joyal and Street developed a graphical notation for various flavours of monoidal category using graphs drawn in the plane, commonly known as string diagrams. In particular, their work comprised a rigorous topological foundation of the notation. In 2007, Harmer, Hyland and Melliès gave a formal mathematical foundation for game semantics using a notions they called ⊸-schedules, ⊗-schedules and heaps. Schedules described interleavings of plays in games formed using ⊸ and ⊗, and heaps provided pointers used for backtracking. Their definitions were combinatorial in nature, but researchers often draw certain pictures when working in practice. In this thesis, we extend the framework of Joyal and Street to give a formal account of the graphical methods already informally employed by researchers in game semantics. We give a geometric formulation of ⊸-schedules and ⊗-schedules, and prove that the games they describe are isomorphic to those described in Harmer et al.’s terms, and also those given by a more general graphical representation of interleaving across games of multiple components. We further illustrate the value of the geometric methods by demonstrating that several proofs of key properties (such as that the composition of ⊸-schedules is associative) can be made straightforward, reflecting the geometry of the plane, and overstepping some of the cumbersome combinatorial detail of proofs in Harmer et al.’s terms. We further extend the framework of formal plane diagrams to account for the heaps and pointer structures used in the backtracking functors for O and P.

Image guided therapy procedures under MRI guidance has been a focused research area over past decade. Also, over the last decade, various MRI guided robotic devices have been developed and used clinically for percutaneous interventions, such as prostate biopsy, brachytherapy, and tissue ablation. Though MRI provides better soft tissue contrast compared to Computed Tomography and Ultrasound, it poses various challenges like constrained space, less ergonomic patient access and limited material choices due to its high magnetic field. Even after, advancements in MRI compatible actuation methods and robotic devices using them, most MRI guided interventions are still open-loop in nature and relies on preoperative or intraoperative images. In this thesis, an intraoperative MRI guided robotic system for prostate biopsy comprising of an MRI compatible 4-DOF robotic manipulator, robot controller and control application with Clinical User Interface (CUI) and surgical planning applications (3DSlicer and RadVision) is presented. This system utilizes intraoperative images acquired after each full or partial needle insertion for needle tip localization. Presented system was approved by Institutional Review Board at Brigham and Women's Hospital(BWH) and has been used in 30 patient trials. Successful translation of such a system utilizing intraoperative MR images motivated towards the development of a system architecture for close-loop, real-time MRI guided percutaneous interventions. Robot assisted, close-loop intervention could help in accurate positioning and localization of the therapy delivery instrument, improve physician and patient comfort and allow real-time therapy monitoring. Also, utilizing real-time MR images could allow correction of surgical instrument trajectory and controlled therapy delivery. Two of the applications validating the presented architecture; closed-loop needle steering and MRI guided brain tumor ablation are demonstrated under real-time MRI guidance.

Surgiu em 2003 no Brasil uma modalidade de transporte aquaviário, destinada à movimentação de madeira na costa do país, cuja frota de embarcações navega entre dois portos, geralmente com carga em um sentido e vazio em outro. Esta modalidade permite a operação com um pequeno tempo de parada nos portos, operando com poucas interrupções e movimentando expressiva demanda. Dado que a frota serve exclusivamente a uma empresa e a uma carga homogênea denominouse esse sistema como cabotagem industrial. No Brasil atualmente três empresas operam na cabotagem industrial: Aracruz Celulose, Veracel e Arcelor Mittal Tubarão, empresas estas que serviram de base para delinear o presente trabalho, cujo principal propósito consiste em examinar as premissas básicas desde a elaboração do projeto até a implantação do sistema de cabotagem industrial, fornecendo diretrizes básicas para a adoção e utilização deste sistema de transporte. A premissa fundamental deste sistema é basicamente a substituição de um transporte puramente rodoviário por outro em que as pontas, quando rodoviárias, são menores, menos significativas em relação aos custos envolvidos e aos impactos gerados no tráfego de caminhões por rodovias estaduais e federais, quando comparadas ao sistema original, além de impactos ambientais. Para a realização do trabalho foi utilizada a abordagem do enfoque sistêmico, onde o sistema foi dividido em diversos subsistemas, e após a determinação das diretrizes e fatores críticos da cabotagem industrial, identificou-se que a principal dificuldade está relacionada com o dimensionamento do sistema, por envolver inúmeras atividades complexas e aleatórias. Com o intuito de se atenuar esta dificuldade, desenvolveu-se um modelo de simulação como ferramenta de auxílio à decisão no que tange ao dimensionamento do sistema. Além disso, foram avaliados os casos existentes, e nestes identificou-se ganhos oriundos da implementação da cabotagem industrial, tais como: reduções do tráfego nas estradas, dos índices de acidentes, nos custos de transporte, nas emissões de gases poluentes, além da economia com combustível. Adicionalmente, esse sistema apresentou um melhor histórico de sinistro e de integridade de carga, quando comparado ao transporte rodoviário. / It appeared in 2003, in Brazil, a modality of waterway transport, intended for the wooden transport at the Brazilian coast, which fleet of vessels navigates between two ports, full in one direction and empty in the other one. This modality has as characteristics a low time at the ports, operating with few interruptions and transporting a huge demand. Once that the fleet is used exclusively by a company and the cargo is homogenous, this system is called industrial short sea. In Brazil, nowadays, three companies operate in the industrial short sea: Aracruz Cellulose, Veracel and Arcelor Mittal Tubarão. These companies have been used as source of information to delineate the present study, which intends to analyze the basic premises since the elaboration of the project until the implementation of the industrial short sea system, supplying basic guidelines for the adoption of this transport system. The main premise of this system is the substitution of one purely road transport for another one where the distance between the extremes, when road, are lower, less significant in relation to the involved costs and the traffic of trucks at the state and federal highways, when compared with the original system. This study has utilized the systemic approach, dividing the system in several subsystems, and after the determination of the guidelines and critical factors of the industrial short sea, it was identified that the main difficulty is related with the sizing of the system, because of the uncountable complex and random activities. With the intention of attenuating this hassle, simulation software was developed as a support tool to the decision regarding the sizing of the system. Moreover, case studies have been analyzed, and it has been found vantages when industrial short sea was adopted, such as reduction of: road traffic, road accident rate, transport costs, emission of pollutant gases and fuel expenditure. Additionally, this system has presented a better description concerning theft and cargo integrity, when compared with the road transport.

The United Kingdom published a legally binding document to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions by year 2020 up to 34% against the 1990 levels. This target also fulfils the Europe 2020 strategy of 20% carbon emission reductions by year 2020 (EC, 2010). Emissions due to space heating count for around 60% of the total domestic emissions (DCLG, 2012). The report “Rethinking Construction” published in 1998 emphasised the opportunities to improve the quality and efficiency of the UK construction sector (Egan, 1998). More recently, a framework has been published by the Government to tackle fuel poverty by building more energy efficient homes (DECC, 2015). In terms of energy performance, Passivhaus is recognised as one of the most energy efficient and researched construction standards which requires an exceptionally high-level of insulation and airtightness. Closed-panel timber frames are a relatively new system in UK with an opportunity for growth. These advanced panels are pre-fitted in the factory, reducing the on-site work. However, closed-panel systems present a more complex sole plate fixing detail which can have an undesirable long-term impact on the structural and thermal performance of the building. The work presented in this thesis investigates the structural considerations, racking performance, of timber frame closed panel systems for future building regulations. The thesis underlines the significance of structural stability, serviceability and detailing in relationship with long-term thermal efficiency and airtightness, according to Passivhaus standard. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the structural racking performance of advanced closed panel systems. A comparison was made between the behaviour of the timber frame panels and the analytical PD 6693-1. A set of different wall panel built-ups is presented for optimised Passivhaus design, including thermal bridge-free sole plate details. A timber frame racking software application was developed to optimise the structural design of shear walls. A parametric study was carried out with this tool to generate efficient timber frame wall design tables for different applied racking loads and U-values. The software application also allows for direct specification of robust sole plate base fixings and thermal bridge free details.

鑒於科技建警時代來臨，錄影監視系統運用範圍越來越廣泛，加上媒體大幅報導使用成效，導致新增議題持續不斷發生。本文先以預防犯罪角度探究錄影監視系統建置成因、運用及維護管理模式，取臺北市12個行政區2005年至2015年間各式刑案發生數，採竊盜案件發生數、強盜搶奪案件發生數及違反偽造文書印文案件發生數為被解釋變數，其中對照組為偽造文書印文案件發生數，監視器總數量為主要解釋變數，輔以守望相助組織、員警人數等與警政業務相關及多數犯罪實證研究文獻較常使用之解釋變數，從縱斷面及橫斷面的資料進行觀察，再透過「追蹤資料」（Panel Data）並運用「最小平方法」（Ordinary least squares,OLS）、固定效果模型及隨機效果模型進行資料分析，評估錄影監視系統數量配置上差異是否與刑案發生數有顯著關聯，藉以探討錄影監視系統建置數量多寡對於治安影響的程度。 研究發現，根據最小平方法的估計，監視器總數量與竊盜案件發生數呈負的顯著關聯，與強盜搶奪案件發生數及偽造文書印文案件發生數則無顯著關聯，顯示錄影監視系統僅對於特定類型刑案發生有犯罪預防效果，運用錄影監視系統雖然有利於破獲強盜搶奪案件，但在預防強盜搶奪案件發生效果並不顯著，同時驗證臺北市在錄影監視系統數量分配上並非僅以轄區人口數、土地面積及暴力、竊盜案件平均發生數為基礎。最後，本研究建議警政機關在錄影監視系統配置上應視影響刑案發生數之因素分配，如做整體預防犯罪決策應多考慮其他社會因子，在未來設置時，應適時變更宣導方向提高民眾治安滿意度，並針對系統設備有效管理維護，因時因地制宜，經由整合公私部門提高覆蓋率，以減少治安死角。 / In view of the coming of technical police age, the Closed-circuit television （CCTV） is applied more and more broadly. With the greatly reported effects by the press, new issues keep emerging. This article discovers the coming reasons, application and managed modes behind CCTV. We adopt the statics of the offense known to the police, larcenies, forceful taking and forgery from 2005 to 2015 among 12 districts in Taipei City as the dependent variable, the number of the forgery as the control group, and the number of monitors as the main response variable. We also take commonly used response variables in mutual help organizations, the number of the relevant police duties , and research papers of criminal evidence to observe the information vertically and horizontally , then conduct data analysis via Panel Data, Ordinary Least Squares （OLS）, Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model and estimate if there’s connection between the number of CCTV and criminal cases to see if the number of CCTV and has any impact on the public order. The research shows that the number of CCTV has significantly negative relevance with the larcenies, while forceful taking and forgery go opposite, according to the estimation of OLS. It shows that CCTV has positive influence on criminal prevention only to certain criminal cases. CCTV is benefit busting forceful taking, but not preventing it. Nevertheless, it proves that the distribution of CCTV in Taipei City isn’t just based on the district population, area, violence and the avg. number of force taking simultaneously. Finally, we suggest that Police Agency & Subordinate Branch allot CCTV depending on the factors of criminal cases. For example, considering more sociocultural factor when making decisions about criminal prevention and changing the ways of propaganda timely to improve the public order satisfaction. Furthermore, managing and maintaining system facilities effectively and change tactics as the situation and time demand to reduce the high crime rates by integrating public and private sectors and higher coverage.

Estudamos exemplos de métricas Finsler simétricas e não-simétricas em S^n, CP^n e HP^n com uma quantidade finita de geodésicas fechadas ou com uma quantidade pequena de geodésicas fechadas \"curtas\". São os chamados exemplos de Katok. Usamos como referência o artigo \"Geometry of the Katok examples\" de Wolfgang Ziller. Verificamos que existem métricas Finsler cujo número de geodésicas fechadas é 2n (no caso de S^ e S^), n(n+1) (no caso de CP^n) e 2n(n+1) (no caso de CP^n). Tais exemplos são construídos numa vizinhança qualquer da métrica Riemanniana canônica dessas variedades. / We study examples of symmetric and non-symmetric Finsler metrics on S^n, CP^n and HP^n with a finite number of closed geodesics or with a small number of \"short\" closed geodesics. These are the well known Katok\'s examples. We use Ziller\'s article Geometry of the Katok examples. We exhibit Finsler metrics whose number of closed geodesics is 2n (in the case of S^ and S^), n(n+1) (in the case of CP^n) and 2n(n+1) (in the case of HP^n). Such examples are found in any neighborhood of the canonical Riemannian metric on these manifolds.