Submitted by Adriely Bruce (adriely_bruce@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-16T12:57:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Wollace de Souza Picanço.pdf: 4678200 bytes, checksum: ce699259498922bd5dc6ac7bd7698e03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-22T15:17:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Wollace de Souza Picanço.pdf: 4678200 bytes, checksum: ce699259498922bd5dc6ac7bd7698e03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-22T15:18:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Wollace de Souza Picanço.pdf: 4678200 bytes, checksum: ce699259498922bd5dc6ac7bd7698e03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T15:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Wollace de Souza Picanço.pdf: 4678200 bytes, checksum: ce699259498922bd5dc6ac7bd7698e03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The production of new approaches using the technological resources in the teaching-learning process has grown in the educational environment. Therefore, the use of educational applications focused on robotics, is facilitating learning in education. However, engineering students, specifically in the discipline of programming languages are difficult to learn the standardized method to communicate instructions to a computer station. This dissertation addresses the frames of dedicated resources and methods of cooperative-competitive learning in order to facilitate the process of learning programming languages. It also seeks to define a software architecture to manipulate a robot in the real learning environment. The purpose is to promote a tool to assist in interpreting programming language instructions by a robot. The architecture definition process and set of methods to manipulate the robot was held to assist the difficulties encountered in students the discipline of programming languages. From these findings, it was possible to develop a system model, specific to the C programming language The prototype built in this paper is different from commercial products, because it took into account the adaptation of cooperative and competitive learning method. We attempted to offer an option that facilitates the editing of source code and its interpretation as to its use in the teaching-learning process. The evaluation process of the prototype was carried out by the methods of Usability Engineering. Based on results of experiments show that the environment has contributed to the process of teaching-learning programming languages. Therefore, the usability of the measurement criteria established by the ISO 9241 standard, claim that the proposal is another tool I support technological resources that can be used in education. / A produção de novas abordagens utilizando os recursos tecnológicos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem vem crescendo no ambiente educativo. Por conseguinte, o uso de aplicações educativas voltada para a robótica, vem facilitando a aprendizagem na educação. No entanto, alunos de engenharia, especificamente na disciplina de linguagens de programação encontram dificuldades em aprender o método padronizado que comunicar instruções para um computador. Esta dissertação aborda o uso de frameworks dedicados e métodos de aprendizagem cooperativa-competitiva com a finalidade de facilitar o processo de ensino de linguagens de programação. Além disso, visa definir uma arquitetura de software para manipular um robô no ambiente real de aprendizagem. O propósito é promover uma ferramenta que auxilie na interpretação das instruções de linguagem de programação por meio de um robô. O processo de definição da arquitetura e do conjunto de métodos para manipular o robô, foi realizado para auxiliar as dificuldades encontradas nos estudantes da disciplina de linguagens de programação. A partir dessas verificações, foi possível elaborar um modelo de sistema, específico para linguagem de programação C. O protótipo construído neste trabalho se diferencia de produtos comerciais, pois se levou em consideração a adaptação do método de aprendizagem cooperativa e competitiva. Buscou-se oferecer uma opção que facilitasse a edição do código-fonte e de sua interpretação quanto ao seu uso no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O processo de avaliação do protótipo foi realizado por meio dos métodos da Engenharia da Usabilidade. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos demonstram que o ambiente contribuiu para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de linguagens de programação. Portanto, os critérios de medição da usabilidade estabelecidos pela norma ISO 9241, afirmam que a ferramenta proposta é mais um apoio de recursos tecnológicos que pode ser utilizada na educação.

Orientador: Sergio Ferreira do Amaral / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:20:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garbin_MonicaCristina_D.pdf: 3519882 bytes, checksum: 9704e23f9a0d65d1a9a36f9bbc9e685a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um cenário de aprendizagem colaborativa através de uma arquitetura de ensino distribuído nas cinco regiões brasileiras. O contexto criado faz parte das pesquisas desenvolvidas na Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FE - UNICAMP), através do Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica Aplicada na Educação (LANTEC) e tem como órgão financiador a CAPES, através do Programa Observatório na Educação. Dado este contexto, o presente estudo apresenta como problema norteador: quais são as estratégias inovadoras com foco em colaboração que desenvolvem nos professores participantes, uma postura colaborativa em sua atividade pedagógica na escola? E a partir disto, foi definido como objetivo geral: Propor estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras com foco em colaboração, fazendo com que os professores participantes criem uma consciência colaborativa e passem a enxergar que as soluções para seus problemas podem ser realizadas de maneira coletiva. Neste sentido, propõem-se como etapas de pesquisa: a) Montar um cenário em que os participantes tenham um objetivo em comum a ser resolvido; b) Desenvolver um programa de formação que tenha em seu cerne estratégias pedagógicas focadas em colaboração; c) Verificar como aconteceu a colaboração entre os alunos; d) Identificar como a tecnologia ajudou no processo de colaboração entre os estudantes. Para a criação deste cenário colaborativo, foram estudadas as teorias de aprendizagem com foco em colaboração e interação, mais especificamente com o aporte de autores como Vygotsky e Piaget. À partir disto, uma arquitetura pedagógica focada em colaboração foi criada tendo-se como estratégias: a) trabalhos em grupo; b) espaços para discussão e argumentação; c) possibilidades de compartilhamento de informações; d) promoção de uma mudança de papéis entre discentes e docentes; e) espaços formativos individuais e em grupo. Finalmente, para a obtenção dos resultados para esta pesquisa, foram utilizados questionários distribuídos aos participantes ao longo do estudo, bem como o uso da observação participante durante todo o período do programa de formação. Para a análise dos dados qualitativos, oriundos do processo de observação e das questões abertas presentes nos questionários foi usado o recurso de análise de conteúdo e, para os dados obtidos através das questões fechadas presentes nos questionários foi utilizado o software estatístico SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), procedendo-se à análise de frequencia de alternativas das respostas. Os resultados demonstram que o contexto criado conseguiu promover a colaboração entre os participantes, que passaram a discutir e desenvolver soluções para o problemas enfrentados em seu cotidiano de trabalho. Dados que indicam as partilhas de conteúdo entre os professores participantes e seus colegas de trabalho, indicam que um dos principais objetivos do projeto foi alcançado em larga escala, uma vez que se desejava que os conhecimentos construídos fossem compartilhados e discutidos na escola, com os demais membros com vistas a mudança de postura no exercício da docência / Abstract: This paper presents a scenario for collaborative learning using an architecture of distributed learning in the five Brazilian regions . The environment created is part of the research developed at the Faculty of Education at the State University of Campinas (FE - UNICAMP), through the Laboratory of Applied Technology Innovation in Education (LANTEC) and its funding agency CAPES through the Center in Education Program. Given this context, the present study has as its guiding problem: what are the innovative strategies focusing on developing collaboration in the participating teachers, creates a collaborative approach in their work at school? And from there it was defined as a general objective: To propose innovative teaching strategies with a focus on collaboration, so that participating teachers create a collaborative consciousness and start to see that the solutions to their problems can be made collectively . In this sense, we propose as a research stages : a) Set up a scenario in which the participants have a common goal to be solved; b) Develop a training program that has at its core pedagogical strategies focused on collaboration; c) Check as did the collaboration among students; d) Identify how technology helped in the process of collaboration between students. For the creation of this collaborative scenario, the learning theories focusing on collaboration and interaction were studied, specifically with the contribution of authors such as Piaget and Vygotsky. From this, an architecture focused on pedagogical collaboration was created taking as strategies : a) group work; b) spaces for discussion and argument; c) opportunities for information sharing ; d) promoting a change of roles between students and teachers; e) individual and group training spaces. Finally, to obtain the results for this research, questionnaires were distributed to participants throughout the study, as well as the use of participant observation throughout the period of the training program were used. To analyze the qualitative data derived from the observation process and the open issues in the questionnaire used was the use of content analysis and for data obtained through closed questions present in the questionnaires used was SPSS 15.0 statistical software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), proceeding to the analysis of the frequency of alternative answers. The results show that the context created could promote collaboration among participants, who came to discuss and develop solutions to the problems faced in their daily work. Data indicating the content shared among participating teachers and their colleagues, indicate that a major goal of the project was achieved on a large scale, since if he wanted the knowledge built were shared and discussed at school with the other members with a view to change of posture in the teaching profession / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutora em Educação

Desde a abertura dos primeiros cursos de farmácia no Brasil, a estrutura curricular sofreu inúmeras alterações com vistas à adequação do curso com as necessidades locais. Após a homologação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Farmácia de 2002, passou a ficar mais urgente a necessidade do desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes pelos farmacêuticos, não apenas o acúmulo de conhecimento técnico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as variáveis envolvidas na organização e estruturação do Integrado de Fisiopatologia e Farmacologia III, uma disciplina central na formação dos farmacêuticos da Universidade de São Paulo, incluindo a investigação dos fatores que influenciam no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos, bem como a aplicação de um método ativo de ensino-aprendizagem neste integrado e, por fim, realizar uma avaliação comparativa entre a opinião dos alunos com relação aos dois métodos. Observou-se resposta positiva estatisticamente significativa dos alunos em favor do método ativo contra o método tradicional em todos os aspectos avaliados, incluindo todos os aspectos relacionados ao plano disciplinar, assim como o impacto no desenvolvimento de competências e auto avaliação dos alunos. Estes resultados sustentam a necessidade de aplicação de métodos nos quais os alunos sejam o centro do processo educacional e tenham responsabilidade sobre sua própria aprendizagem, para assim formar profissionais generalistas, críticos e líderes. / Since the opening of the first pharmacy schools in Brazil, the curriculum has undergone numerous changes in order to keep up with local needs. After the approval of the National Curricular Guidelines for Pharmacy on 2002, it became more urgent for pharmacists to develop skills and attitudes, rather than only to accumulate technical knowledge. This work aimed to study the variables involved in organizing and structuring the Integrated Pathophysiology and Pharmacology III, a central discipline in the curriculum of pharmacy school at the University of São Paulo. Additionally it focused on investigate all factors that influences students\' learning process as well as applying an active learning in this integrated. And, finally, to compare students\' opinions regarding the two methods. We observed a statistically significant positive response of students in favor of the active method against the traditional one in all aspects evaluated, including all aspects of the disciplinary proceedings, impact on skills development and self-assessment of students. These results support the idea of implementation of methods in which students are the center of the educational process and are accountable for their own learning. This way we will be able to assist the development of pharmacists with clinical thinking and leadership skills.

This thesis purpose is to compare the effectiveness of collaborative learning against individual learning applied at the context of environment awareness. The game consists in a treasure hunt for wastes: the wastes are hidden all over the world; the task is to find them and recycle them correctly. To study the aforementioned situation, the game has two versions: a single player and a multiplayer mode. The latter based on collaboration as essential element to reach the goal. The project idea is to sensitize the player by placing him in a world, which is coherent with his own environment. The world is set up from official sources of what world’s condition are in order to give an immersive sensation; this choice is due to the concept of situated learning for which the learning is set in an environment that is similar to where the learning material will be applied in future.

Abstract This thesis is an interdisciplinary study on how students and teachers as participants in computer-supported language learning make meaning to their activities. The analysis moves gradually from a more general discussion of participant activity and interaction in computer-supported environments to a domain-specific discussion of language learning and work. The main body of data for the study comes from three different university language courses. The last empirical study introduces a complementary data set from working life. The thesis grounds its arguments on a discourse perspective of meaning. Rather than considering meaning as a property of a text or discourse, meaning is seen to reside in the active efforts of the participants of a social situation. In the particular case of computer-supported learning, a multiplicity of modes has to be taken into consideration. Language, in the sense of words, is a partial bearer of meaning only. The theoretical framework advances from a discussion of computer-supported learning as a hybrid form of interaction to a discussion of situated perspectives and computer-supported learning. The research approach applies multiple perspectives due to the multimodal and polycontextual nature of computer-supported learning. Special emphasis is laid on reaching the participant perspective. The findings highlight the multidimensional and polycontextual character of participation in computer-supported learning. The resources that the participants use for meaning-making reach beyond the textual interaction in the learning platform. Furthermore, the participants have multiple ways of taking part in the educational activities. The context that the participants produce for their actions exceeds the limits of the learning platform and ties the activity to the surrounding world in many ways.

Abstract This study focuses on motivation and emotions in collaborative learning. The aim is to investigate the kinds of socio-emotional challenges learners experience during learning processes, and to examine how motivation and emotions are regulated during challenging situations, in order to develop appropriate methods of identifying socially shared regulation of emotions from situated, real life data. The study includes the development and implementation of an instrument that collects data regarding learners’ situation-specific interpretations of their socio-emotional experiences, as well as analyses of the data derived from two different data collections. The first empirical data set is composed of elementary school students’ interviews and video-observations. The second data set includes higher education students’ self-reports, video-observations, and interviews. The analyses combine different data sources and qualitative and descriptive quantitative methods in order to create a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of motivation and emotions in collaborative learning situations. A lack of instruments that gather data of learners’ situation-specific, real-life experiences has been evident in motivation and self-regulated learning research, where static, general self-report measures have been dominant. In this study, the results from the first empirical data collection are implemented in the development of an AIRE (Adaptive Instrument for Regulation of Emotions) instrument. The AIRE collects situation-specific data dealing with learners. experienced socio-emotional challenges and their regulation within a group. The second empirical data collection of this study employs the AIRE instrument as a method. In social learning situations, learners’ can experience a variety of emotions that influence learning. The results of this study show that students can regulate their emotions in order to maintain a goal-oriented learning process. Furthermore, the results indicate that group members can regulate emotions and motivation together within the group. This socially shared regulation is distinct from self-regulation as well as from co-regulation, where development of self-regulation is supported by others, or where group members regulate their own learning processes in parallel with each other. / Tiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee motivaation ja emootion ilmentymistä yhteisöllisessä oppimisessa. Tavoitteena on selvittää, millaisia sosio-emotionaalisia haasteita oppijat kohtaavat oppimisprosessin aikana ja miten motivaatiota ja emotionaalisia tuntemuksia säädellään näissä tilanteissa. Lisäksi tavoitteena on löytää ja kehittää tilannekohtaisia analysointimenetelmiä erityisesti sosiaalisesti jaetun emootion säätelyn tutkimiseksi. Tutkimus koostuu oppijoiden tilannesidonnaisia sosio-emotionaalisia tulkintoja keräävän instrumentin kehittelystä sekä kahdesta empiirisestä tutkimusaineistosta. Ensimmäinen tutkimusaineisto koostuu peruskoulun oppilaiden haastatteluista ja videoidusta työskentelystä. Toinen tutkimusaineisto sisältää korkeakouluopiskelijoiden kyselyaineistoa, videoitua työskentelyä ja haastatteluita. Kokonaisvaltaisen ymmärryksen luomiseksi aineiston analyysissä yhdistetään näitä erityyppisiä aineistoja ja kuvailevaa kvantitatiivista analyysiä käytetään tukemaan kvalitatiivisia tulkintoja. Itsesäädellyn oppimisen tutkimuksessa on ollut nähtävillä tarve löytää metodisia ratkaisuja, joiden avulla voidaan kerätä aineistoa yksilöiden vaihtelevista kokemuksista todellisissa oppimistilanteissa. Aikaisemmin pääpaino on ollut staattisissa, yksilöiden yleisiä käsityksiä mittaavien aineistojen analyysissä. Tässä tutkimuksessa ensimmäisen tutkimusaineiston tuloksia hyödynnetään AIRE (Adaptive Instrument for Regulation of Emotions) -instrumentin kehittelyssä. AIRE kerää tilannekohtaista tietoa sosio-emotionaalisten haasteiden kokemuksista ja näihin liittyvästä ryhmässä tapahtuvasta emootioiden säätelystä. AIRE:a käytetään toisen tutkimusaineiston yhtenä keruuvälineenä. Sosiaalisten oppimistilanteiden aikana oppijoissa herää erilaisia tuntemuksia, jotka vaikuttavat oppimistilanteeseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että oppijat voivat säädellä emotionaalisia tuntemuksia ylläpitääkseen tavoitesuuntautunutta opiskelua. Tulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että yhteisöllisen oppimisen tilanteissa ryhmän jäsenet voivat yhdessä kontrolloida motivationaalisia ja sosio-emotionaalisia haasteita. Tämä sosiaalisesti jaettu emootioiden säätely (socially shared regulation) eroaa itsesäätelystä sekä yhdessä säätelemisestä (co-regulation), jossa tuetaan yksilön kehittymistä itsesäätöiseksi oppijaksi tai jossa ryhmän jäsenet säätelevät kukin rinnakkain omaa toimintaansa.

In the classroom, teachers make use of different combinations of social planes (e.g., individual, collaborative) to support learning. However, little is known about the complementary strengths of individual and collaborative learning or how to combine them so that they are more effective than either social plane alone. One roadblock to this investigation is an ability to orchestrate, or manage, more complex, but theoretically effective, combinations of collaborative and individual learning in the classroom. Prior research has created orchestration tools that support the planning and real-time management of classroom activities, which reduces the cognitive load and time needed for instructors to support the activity, allowing for more complex activities to become more manageable. Current orchestration tools do not, however, support a wide range of combinations of collaborative and individual learning activities in a flexible manner. To fully investigate the combinations of collaborative and individual learning, orchestration tools need to be developed that can support the researcher in a way that can be integrated into the classroom by accounting for teachers’ values. My thesis work addresses two related goals. First, my work addresses the questions: Do collaborative and individual learning have complementary strengths and is a combination of the two social planes better than either alone? In my work, I developed an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) to support collaborative and individual learning. Through three studies, using this ITS, with over 500 4th and 5th grade students, I demonstrate that a collaborative ITS can be used to effectively support learning with elementary school students and that a combination of collaborative and individual learning is more effective than either alone. However, my studies did not find any support for complementary strengths and many other combinations of social planes are left to investigate. Additionally, during my experiments, I encountered challenges in orchestration that, along with the need to research more complex combinations of collaborative and individual learning, informed the next steps of my research. The second question my thesis work addresses is: How does an orchestration tool that supports researchers in exploring this space need to be designed to align with teachers’ values for easy integration in the classroom? Specifically, I aimed to support fluid transitions between social planes where students do not all have to be working in sync, which is not currently supported in existing orchestration tools. To support the orchestration tool design, I present a framework that structures the space that a researcher can explore when combining individual and collaborative learning. The framework can act as the set of requirements to be met in the orchestration tool from the point of the researcher as well as a lens to analyze and design combined social plane activities. As a first step towards supporting fluid transitions as laid out in the framework, I present a set of statistical models that extend domain-level individual modeling into the space of collaborative environments. Finally, I developed an orchestration prototype built around my framework that can be used as a research tool to further explore combined collaborative and individual spaces. To develop the tool to be successful within the classroom, I worked with teachers through a co-design process and validation of the prototype to incorporate their values into the tool. Taken together, my dissertation has six primary contributions. My dissertation contributes to the learning sciences through advancing our knowledge of (1) the strengths of collaborative and individual learning, although I did not find any complementary strengths, and (2) if a combination is better than either alone, which I did find support for. It contributes to educational technology through (3) the design of an effective ITS that supports collaborative and individual learning for fractions and educational data mining through (4) the advancement of models that can more accurately predict individual learning within a collaborative setting than the existing individual models. Finally, it contributes to computer supported collaborative learning and human-computer interaction through (5) a framework, which provides a lens for designing and analyzing combined collaborative and individual learning spaces, and (6) an orchestration prototype that supports fluid transitions between social planes in a way that can be a useful to both researchers and teachers in the classroom.

This is a participative case study of a self-facilitating, collaborative, women’s learning group. The group’s longevity afforded a unique opportunity to investigate, in depth, both what encouraged its members to join at its outset, and what has sustained the participation of its current members for thirteen years. Its longevity also provided an opportunity to explore the impact of sustained membership on the women in the group. These two components of the study are its most significant original contributions to the existing literature which does not appear to cover anything similar. The initial raison d’étre of the group was its members’ professional development and this forms a central strand of the investigation, along with identity and self-facilitation. A pragmatic research paradigm, the collaborative nature of the group and the writer’s dual role as both participant and researcher were all influential in the decision to use a participative approach. A range of methods, chosen by the participants, was utilised during the investigation which, whilst participatory, is not emancipatory research. This experimental divergence from how a participative approach is traditionally employed is offered for consideration by researchers who wish to work in a new way that minimises power in other, non-emancipatory situations. The findings support, contradict and add to the literature. The mutuality of longevity and the depth of discourse and learning experienced by group members is a particularly striking aspect of this study. As members of the group have aged, its focus has segued from professional development to encompass a much broader agenda: it has shifted from contributing to members’ professional identity to sustaining their perceptions of self as women who remain capable of complex, critical thinking as they move out of full-time work. The longevity of the group has also fostered deep attachments between group members, despite the differences between them: sustained membership of the group, in turn, provides sustenance for its members. The significance of grounding, ground rules and group composition are highlighted, as is the need to contemplate how members will leave a group during its formation. Alignment between participants in a group is identified as important for its continuation but not always possible. This research makes no claim to offer a definitive model for collaborative learning groups but, instead poses a series of questions for consideration by others who are interested in collaborative learning.

Doctor Educationis / This study looks at the effect of a cross-cultural instructional approach on the learners’ conceptions of lightning and attitude towards science. It explored Basotho conceptions of lightning and thunder under the following themes: nature of lightning, protection against lightning, animalistic/humanistic behaviour of lighting and nature of wounds inflicted by lightning.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how new knowledge can be developed in computer-supported social practice. Participants were selected from newly qualified secondary school teachers and student teachers at a higher education institution in Rwanda. The thesis consists of four empirical case studies, the findings of which were analysed from a sociocultural perspective. In the first study, it has been shown that novice teachers are motivated to acquire information and communication technology (ICT) and to use it in their teaching and learning. The study also reveals that they succeed in situations where school administrators grant them easy access to computers. This implies a need to develop school-based curricula and appropriate pedagogy in the area of ICT literacy, which can allow teachers to develop critical reflection vis-à-vis the new technology and enable them to cope with change in social practice. In the second study, it has been shown that, while acquiring hands-on computer skills in small task-based groups, student teachers can adopt one of the three major learning patterns: individual-led, group-led, or individual-group hybrid-led. Moreover, the study shows that the group-led framework seems to create a supportive environment for knowledge building. This may require that students receive the right kind of teacher assistance and focus on criterion-referenced reflection to regulate their learning. The findings of the third article reveal that students coping with web-based literature face a twofold reality of learning discourse rooted in their sociocultural and educational contexts: the one conveyed through the foreign languages in which they are instructed, the other whose vehicle is their native language. The study suggests an alternative way of constructing a substantial learning discourse based on dissolution of language boundaries. The fourth article shows that appropriation of ICT use can stem from learning conditions including users’ motivation and their participation in social practice. Additionally, it can stem from collaboration between active users and other students. Given this, the study suggests that active ICT users can play a role as agents of change in the implementation of the new technology. Together, the four studies show that thinking and learning with ICT can develop through the interplay of mediation, learning conditions, collaboration and critical reflection.