A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo geral analisar os usos dos termos documentação, documento e objeto no contexto da área de museus. Tal contexto foi caracterizado em dois universos: o teórico, da literatura selecionada de caráter teórico da Documentação, Ciência da Informação e a Museologia, e o prático, composto por duas normas da área de museus. Os objetivos de trabalhar com estes dois universos foram mapear, caracterizar e problematizar ideias, tensões e aproximações entre os universos da teoria e da prática, sem a pretensão de se chegar a uma definição unívoca dos mesmos. Para alcançar tais objetivos, optou-se por uma metodologia exploratória, descritiva, comparativa e que se valeu de elementos de pesquisa histórica. No que se refere aos procedimentos, se realizou essencialmente levantamento bibliográfico e uso de ficha de coleta terminológica para o termo documentação - apenas para sistematizar significados e não para propor uma definição unívoca. A comparação entre os usos dos termos estudados apresentam polissemia e certa ambiguidade e, no que se refere particularmente ao termo documentação, ainda há um discurso que reitera a ideia de sua vinculação com a questão do controle das coleções. Os resultados desta investigação reforçam que a diversidade de significados influencia fortemente o que se realiza na prática profissional. Além disso, os usos consolidam diferentes tradições e formas de se conceber documentação e objetos-documentos nos museus - o que deve ser cada vez mais pesquisado para reforçar laços e rever conceitos e procedimentos. Por último, vale destacar que o propósito deste trabalho foi de explorar as diferenças terminológicas, tão inerentes ao universo dos museus, e colocar questões de como operar com elas e a partir delas. / The present study aimed to analyze the general uses of the terms documentation, document and object within the context of the museums field. This context was characterized in two universes: the theoretical, represented by selected bibliography taken from Documentation, Information Science and Museology, and practical, consisting of two standards of museums area. The objectives of working with these two universes were to map, characterize and discuss ideas, approaches and tensions between the worlds of theory and practice, without the intention of getting any unique definition. In order to get those objectives, an exploratory, descriptive, comparative methodology was chosen, that also drew upon elements of historical research. As regards procedures, bibliographic record and use of terminological data collection form for the term documentation were used, and this last one was only to systematize meanings and not to elaborate a unified definition. The comparison between the uses of the terms being studied point out their polysemy and ambiguity and, in the case of term documentation, the idea of its connection with the control of the collections still remains. Results of this study also reinforce this diversity of meanings strongly influences what is done in professional practice. Furthermore, it consolidates different traditions and ways of conceiving documentation and objects-documents in museums - which should be increasingly researched to reinforce ties and review concepts and procedures. Finally, it is worth noting that the purpose of this study was to explore the terminological differences, so inherent to the universe of museums, and raise the issue of how to deal with them and from them.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study deals with the archaeological heritage management, specifically the management of information related to collections that received endorsement of museum institutions linked to Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), namely: Archaeology Museum of Xingó (MAX) and collections from Museum of Man of Sergipe (MUHSE). In granting the institutional endorsement to archaeology projects under contract, these institutions became responsible for vast amount of collections. Thinking about the archaeological heritage as a source of information, the objective of this study is to analyze the mechanisms made for information management concerning the collections of archaeological field collected under contract archaeology, and under the custody of museums in the Federal University of Sergipe, as well how to check if these procedures - if any - interact with the guidelines of the areas of Archaeology and Museology in relation to collections management. In front of the collections in the custody of the UFS, and the need for realization of management procedures for the archaeological heritage, this study assumes that it is imperative structuring mechanisms that permeate from the act of acquisition to the dissemination of information collections. This planning will be more complicated under the absence of several actions that prevent the collections management, especially if it occurs during the archaeological “rescue”. Lastly, the social role of museum institutions for knowledge of information in relation with archaeological heritage is consider, highlighting the necessity of implementing the museum documentation procedure on the archaeological collections, both by museum institutions as in field work, where these management mechanisms will enable the dissemination of information belonging to these cultural objects that are liable to be interpreted as acts and voices of past people to understand the social practices of present. / O presente estudo trata da gestão do patrimônio arqueológico, especificamente, o gerenciamento de informações referente às coleções que receberam endosso das instituições museológicas vinculadas a Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), a saber: Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó (MAX) e as coleções provenientes do Museu do Homem Sergipano (MUHSE). Ao conceder o endosso institucional aos projetos de arqueologia por contrato, essas instituições tornaram-se responsáveis por vasta quantidade de coleções. Pensando no patrimônio arqueológico como fonte de informação, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os mecanismos realizados para o gerenciamento de informações relativas às coleções do campo arqueológico coletadas no âmbito da arqueologia por contrato, e sob a guarda dos museus da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, bem como verificar se estes procedimentos – se é que existem – interagem com as diretrizes das áreas de Arqueologia e Museologia no que tange a gestão de coleções. Diante das coleções sob a guarda da UFS, e da necessidade de realização dos procedimentos de gestão para o patrimônio arqueológico, este estudo parte da premissa que é impreterível a estruturação de mecanismos que permeiem desde o ato de aquisição até a disseminação de informação relativa as coleções. Um planejamento estruturado visa evitar que informações sejam perdidas diante de várias ações que impedem a gestão de coleções, principalmente, durante o “salvamento” arqueológico. Por fim, reflete-se também sobre o papel social das instituições museológicas para o conhecimento das informações no que se refere ao patrimônio arqueológico, ressaltando a necessidade da execução do procedimento de documentação museológica sobre as coleções arqueológicas, tanto pelas instituições museológicas, bem como nos trabalhos de campo. Onde, esses mecanismos de gestão, possibilitarão a disseminação de informações pertencentes a esses bens culturais que são passíveis de serem interpretados como atos e vozes de povos do passado para a compreensão das práticas sociais do presente.

This thesis examines the social life and cultural biography of five objects from the Valsgärde-collection at museum Gustavianum in Uppsala, Sweden. The aim of this study was to research the social life and cultural biography of five objects from the collection and what this means in relation to collections management, authenticity, digitalization and object-love. There is a special focus on authenticity and digitalization throughout the essay. There are mixed methods in the thesis, two interviews, phenomenology and object-based learning. The theoretical frame-work of the thesis were The Social Life of Things as well as authenticity, digitalization and collections management. In the analysis it showed that the social life of things as well as the cultural biography of things is something that is constantly constructed, and will shift and grow throughout time. The analysis also showed that a proper collections management will improve the cultural biography of things, it will also improve a more authentic digitalization. The conclusion of the thesis is that the social life of things is dynamic, even though some information may seem static. A cultural biography is possible to write about objects, however, not only one person can do this since we need academics from different branches to try and understand the objects. It is also important to when possible research the objects with your hands, in order to research one owns feelings. Further research on the topic could be done by more researchers investigating the objects, as well as a combination of testing of the material in order to trace the objects’ cultural biography in the prehistoric age. This is a two years master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies.

Denna studie söker sammanfatta och analysera ett drygt sekels samlingsförvaltning och autenticitetsbruk av sekelskifteskonstnären Julius Kronbergs ateljé, som sedan 1922 funnits som museal miljö på friluftsmuseet Skansen i Stockholm. Problemet som utgör studiens fokus kretsar kring den bevarandeproblematik som uppstått då man i samma stund velat använda och bevara en autentisk miljö som i grund och botten har tämligen dåliga bevarandeförutsättningar. Studien har genomförts utifrån arkiv- och litteraturstudier samt en intervju, och inleds med en bakgrundshistorik följt av ett resultat som är uppdelat i fem delkapitel som alla motsvarar varsin tidsepok i förvaltningen av ateljén. De slutsatser som kan dras av resultatet visar på hur förvaltningen delvis har skiftat under seklet, att bevarandeproblematiken ofta har lösts genom att nedprioritera tillgängliggörandet av miljön, samt att miljöns materiella autenticitet genomgående har varit väldigt viktig. / This study aims to recap and analyze a century of collections management and authenticity use of artist Julius Kronbergs studio, that has been a part of Skansen open air museum in Stockholm since 1922. The problem for the study revolves around the desire to use and preserve an authentic environment that shows poor prerequisites in terms of preservation. The study has been carried out based on archive and litterature studies aswell as an interview, and is commenced with a historic context, followed by the result that is divided into five chapters based on different eras in the collections management of the studio. The conclusions shows how the management has varied some during the century, that the problem in preservation often was solved by down prioritizing the use of the museum environment, and that the studios material authenticity was very important throughout the century.

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This study explores representation and use of indigenous heritage constructs with a view to identifying implications thereof for the quality and relevance of heritage education practices in post colonial southern Africa. Framed within a critical hermeneutic research paradigm under-laboured by critical realist ontology, the study was conducted using a multiple case study research design. The data collection protocol was three-phased, starting with a process of contextual profiling, within which insights were gained into discourses shaping the constitution and orientation of heritage education practices at the Albany Museum in South Africa, the Great Zimbabwe Monument in Zimbabwe and the Supa Ngwao Museum in Botswana. The second phase of data collection entailed modelling workshops in which educators engaged in discussion around the status of heritage education in post apartheid South Africa. This highlighted, through modelled lessons, some of the tensions, challenges and implications for working with notions of social transformation and inclusivity in heritage education. The third phase of data collection involved in-depth interviews. Twelve purposively selected research participants were interviewed between 2010 and 2011. Data generated across the study was processed and subjected to different levels of critical discourse analysis. Besides noting how heritage education in post colonial southern Africa is poorly framed and under-researched, this study revealed that current forms of representing indigenous heritage constructs are influenced more by socio-political discourses than the need to protect and conserve local heritage resources. The study also noted that the observed heritage education practices are oriented more towards addressing issues related to marginalisation and alienation of indigenous cultures and practices, than enhancing learners’ agency to manage and utilise local heritage resources in a more sustainable ways. Based on these findings the study recommends re-positioning heritage education within the framework of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). ESD acknowledges both issues of social justice and the dialectical interplay between nature and culture; as such, it may allow for representation and use of indigenous heritage constructs in ways that expand current political orientations to include sustainability as an additional objective of heritage education. Given that little research focusing on heritage education has been undertaken within southern Africa, the findings of this study provide a basis upon which future research may emerge.

A museum has to care for the objects in its collection to the best of its ability. The concept collections management emerged in the 1960s, when accountability for collections became a strong incentive for museums to develop modern collections management practices. In the process of establishing accountability (the effective implementation of practices to ensure adherence to collections policies on the accessioning, care and disposal of objects in a museum collection) many museums encountered problems such as the lack of access to detailed information about the objects in collections, a proliferation of accession numbers and inadequate location control. These problems were also encountered at the National Cultural History Museum, Pretoria. This research reveals the way in which the historical, anthropological and archaeological collections at the Transvaal Museum, predecessor of the National Cultural History Museum were managed from 1913 to 1964. This period was chosen for the following reasons: -- J W B Gunning, the director of the Transvaal Museum, was succeeded by H G Breijer in 1913. The year 1913 is thus a clear starting point for research and a new beginning, a watershed, at the Museum. -- The year 1964 marked the inception of an autonomous museum, the National Cultural History and Open-Air Museum, and the discontinuance of responsibility, after a period of 60 years, for the anthropology, archaeology and history collections at the Transvaal Museum. The development of the Transvaal Museum as a natural history and a history museum, is traced. In 1953, for the first time, a trained professional officer was appointed for the history division at the Museum. After 1953 there was an increased awareness (from a professional point of view) that historical, anthropological and archaeological collections require specialized curatorial care. Modern collections management principles, although they were not called by this name, featured effectively in the handling of the historical collection in particular, for the first time in more than 50 years. Aspects such as departmental organization, the staff, expansion of collections, policies, documentation and conservation are investigated. An evaluation of the factors that played a decisive role in collections management practices for the historical, anthropological and archaeological collections shows that a combination of aspects has to be considered in order to understand the practices that were followed and the changes that were made. / Thesis (DPhil (Museology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted