Cette recherche montre que l’espace médiatique, en temps de commémoration, est un lieu privilégié pour un.e historien.ne qui souhaite capturer les dynamiques mémorielles d’une collectivité. Notre cas d’étude est la couverture médiatique du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale au prisme du The Guardian, Le Monde et Die Süeddeutsche Zeitung. Dans les sections en ligne First world war, Centenaire 14-18 et Erster Weltkrieg, nous avons analysé la couverture de presse sur une période allant de juin 2014 à juillet 2017. Cette étude utilise une définition opératoire de la mémoire collective qui nous aide à comprendre qu’il est nécessaire en histoire de la mémoire d’étudier le journalisme non pas comme une simple source d’archives, mais aussi comme un espace discursif où diverses représentations complexes du passé se rencontrent et communiquent afin de se redéfinir. Cet espace discursif possède deux points de jonction : l’histoire pratiquée et le mythistoire. Ce sont les dynamiques dans cet espace qui ont été étudiées pour chaque média dans ce mémoire. Nous identifions d’abord les grandes configurations historiographiques de la Grande Guerre, le rôle des historiens dans la couverture et tentons de voir dans quelle mesure ces configurations s’expriment dans les trois journaux étudiés. Pour terminer, les intentions commémoratives des journaux sont identifiées et mise à l’épreuve au moyen d’une étude des flux de nouvelles et des champs lexicaux de la couverture médiatique. / This mémoire aims to show that media space, in times of commemoration, is a privileged place for historians who want to capture the dynamics of a community’s memory. Our case study is the media coverage of the centenary of the First World War through the lens of The Guardian, Le Monde and Die Süeddeutsche Zeitung. We analysed in these newspapers the press coverage from June 2014 to July 2017 in the online sections First world war, Centenaire 14-18 and Erster Weltkrieg. This study uses an operative definition of collective memory that allows us to understand the necessity, in the history of memory field, to study journalism not simply as an archive, but also as a discursive space where various complex representations of the past meet and communicate in order to redefine themselves. This discursive space has two points of junction: Practiced history and “mythistory”. The dynamics of this space have been studied for each publication in this research. First, we identify the major historical configurations of the Great War, the role of historians in the coverage, and try to see to which extent these configurations are expressed in the three newspapers studied. Finally, the commemorative intentions of the newspapers are identified and then tested through a study of news-flow and an analysis of the lexical fields of the respective media coverage.

The subject of this thesis is to record the every-day life, local and collective memory, and relationships of individuals - local inhabitants of the 'panel-housing' estate, Jižní Město, in Prague - towards the specific urban and social space in which they live. The thesis is based on interviews, with the long-term inhabitants of Jižní Město, which were structured to record their lived experience in the housing estate during two consecutive periods in recent Czechoslovak history - the so-called normalisation and post-socialism periods. The interviews were used as an empirical counterbalance to architectural/city planning discourse and Czech media, which has interpreted the legacy of 'panel-housing' estates in a negative way, as the socialist form of housing par excellence. The aim of this thesis is to analyse this discourse, which also reflects how Czech society deals with its communist past, and to compare it with the experiences, evaluations and current challenges in the lives of these long- term inhabitants, living in the biggest Czech 'panel-housing' estate with a bad reputation. Key words: panel-housing estates, Jižní Město, housing, local/collective memory, local/urban identity, everyday life, city, so-called normalisation.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of International Studies Elisabeth Anna Hobl Changing the interpretation of monuments for the purpose of influencing the Czechoslovak collective identity through Rudé Právo and presidential speeches (1948-1957) Masters thesis Prague 2015 Abstract The Communist Party of Czechoslovak (KSČ) tried self-servingly to shape the interpretation of Czechoslovak history. National identity can theoretically change over time by adapting amongst others collective memory. As collective memory also consists of several components the thesis focuses on early attempts to influence Czechoslovak national identity by altering the meaning of certain historical events represented by specific monuments in the period 1948- 1957. A monument's meaning derives from discourse and traditions. The analysis shows that Rudé Právo articles and Presidential speeches were part of a discourse used to influence the meaning of monuments. The case studies: Bethlehem Chapel was to symbolize the historical Hussite legacy continued by the KSČ; the Monument of National Liberation was to commemorate World War Two soldiers and important communists; the Monument of the Soviet Tank Drivers was to commemorate the Red Army as Czechoslovakia's sole liberator. These interpretations were meant...

Video games today represent very widespread medium, which has a huge potential. Majority of games uses for its stories and building of their world rearranged and commodified elements inspired by vernacular folklore. Thanks to that kind of games, they were able to preserve and spread some manifestations of oral tradition, mainly representation of oral literature, specifically the representatives of demonological legends, not only in collective memory of certain group, but also in the general population thanks to the mass culture of popular culture. Based on the identification, processing, study and documentation of these manifestations in a selected sample of video games with folklore themes and subsequent research among players and developers about the knowledge of these manifestations, it can be determined whether is the manifestations or folklore, or whether these manifestations are related with folklorism or folkloresque. The thesis aims to examine these statements and to explore the possibilities of preserving the manifestations of oral literature in the collective memory of the subculture of computer game players with an overlap to the general population. Keywords oral tradition, oral literature, storytelling, popular culture, demonological legends, video games, case study, folkloresque,...

[pt] Este trabalho debate criticamente a obra da cantora paulista Leny Eversong (1920-1984), de grande sucesso nas décadas de 1950 e 60, sobre a qual se verificou um acentuado apagamento na memória cultural e artística brasileira. Traz seu legado e questões relativas à sua biografia para a contemporaneidade. Além do resgate de sua história, são discutidos neste trabalho a sobrevivência de artistas do sexo feminino fora do padrão normativo (de beleza, sensualidade, peso, repertório, voz) na cultura midiática brasileira, bem como o nacionalismo populista da imprensa e dos historiadores de seu tempo ao lidar com uma artista que se projetou defendendo um repertório essencialmente internacional que não se encaixava nos cânones tradicionais por eles valorizados. / [en] This dissertation critically analyzes the work of São Paulo-born singer Leny Eversong (1920-1984), who enjoyed great success back in the 1950s and 1960s, but vanished from the Brazilian cultural and artistic memory. It showcases her legacy and issues regarding her biography to the contemporaneity. Besides the redemption of her story, this work discusses the survival of female artists outside the normative beauty and artistic standards in Brazilian media culture. It also highlights the populist nationalism of the press and historians of her time when dealing with an artist who stepped out with an essentially international repertoire that did not fit the traditional criteria considered dear to them.

[pt] Com a crescente valorização do passado pela sociedade, as organizações passaram a se preocupar em contar suas histórias, a preservar suas memórias e a construir uma identidade coletiva e plural com base em seus feitos, seus heróis, suas tradições e – principalmente – compartilhando significados. Considerando o caráter discursivo, temporal e fluido da Identidade Organizacional, propostas por Mary Jo Hatch, Majken Schultz e outros teóricos da área de estudos organizacionais, partiu-se da abordagem que apresenta a relação entre indivíduos e organizações como sendo mediada por identidades. Estas são, por essência, múltiplas e conflituosas e, a todo tempo, constituídas e reconstituídas nas relações entre as organizações e os agentes sociais a elas relacionados. Essa abordagem complementa-se aos trabalhos de pesquisadores como Bárbara Misztal e pavimenta um caminho que concilia a relação entre as identidades individuais com a formação de identidades coletivas a partir da memória, ou do que os grupos sociais têm a lembrar. Uma das formas de se fazer isso é a criação de espaços de memória organizacional, constituídos a partir dos interesses e demandas do presente com os usos e atualizações estratégicas feitas de suas histórias. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o papel do espaço de memória do Clube de Regatas do Flamengo (Fla Memória) no processo de construção e representação de sua Identidade Organizacional. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas, de observação não participante, com registros fotográficos e em um diário de campo. Os dados foram analisados assumindo o caráter relacional e discursivo dos fenômenos organizacionais, à luz da abordagem teórico-metodológica da Análise do Discurso, proposta por Teun Van Dijk, que considera a realidade como subjetiva e plural. A partir dos resultados alcançados, a tese propõe um quadro teórico-analítico original, baseado no conceito proposto por Eviatar Zerubavel de comunidades mnemônicas, para analisar a partir de três dimensões as relações entre agentes sociais e os espaços de memória das organizações. São elas: 1) eu fiz a história – com o uso e representação da memória de quem viveu os acontecimentos retratados; 2) eu vi a história – representado por aqueles que assistiram aos acontecimentos representados; e 3) eu ouvi a história – representado por aqueles a quem as histórias da organização são contadas. / [en] With the growing appreciation of the past by society, organizations began to concern themselves with telling their stories. Thus they are able to preserve their memories and create a collective and plural identity based on their deeds, their heroes, their traditions and especially - sharing meanings. Considering the discursive, temporal and fluid character of Organizational Identity, proposed by Mary Jo Hatch, Majken Schultz and other theorists in the field of organizational studies, we begin from the approach that presents the relationship between individuals and organizations as being mediated by identities that are, in essence, multiple and conflicting, and that, at all times, are constituted and reconstituted in the relationships between organizations and the social agents related to them. This approach complements the work of researchers like Bárbara Misztal, and paves the way for reconciling the relationship between individual identities with the formation of collective identities based on memory, or what social groups have to remember. One of the ways to implement this approach is creating spaces for organizational memory, built from the interests and demands of the present with the uses and strategic updates made of their stories. In this context, this research aims to analyze the role of the memory space of Clube de Regatas do Flamengo (Fla Memória) in the process of building and representing its Organizational Identity. Data was collected from interviews, from non-participant observation of photographic records and from a field diary. The data was analyzed in the light of the theoretical-methodological approach of Discourse Analysis, proposed by Teun Van Dijk, which considers reality as subjective and plural, and the relational and discursive character of organizational phenomena. Based on the results achieved, the thesis proposes an original theoretical-analytical framework, based on the concept proposed by Eviatar Zerubavel of mnemonic communities, to analyze from three dimensions the relationships between social agents and the memory spaces of organizations, as follows: I made the story - using and representing the memory of those who lived the events portrayed; 2) I saw the story - represented by those who watched the events represented; and 3) I heard the story - represented by those to whom the organization s stories are told.

The subject of this thesis is to record the every-day life, local and collective memory, and relationships of individuals - local inhabitants of the 'panel-housing' estate, Jižní Město, in Prague - towards the specific urban and social space in which they live. The thesis is based on interviews, with the long-term inhabitants of Jižní Město, which were structured to record their lived experience in the housing estate during two consecutive periods in recent Czechoslovak history - the so-called normalisation and post-socialism periods. The interviews were used as an empirical counterbalance to architectural/city planning discourse and Czech media, which has interpreted the legacy of 'panel-housing' estates in a negative way, as the socialist form of housing par excellence. The aim of this thesis is to analyse this discourse, which also reflects how Czech society deals with its communist past, and to compare it with the experiences, evaluations and current challenges in the lives of these long- term inhabitants, living in the biggest Czech 'panel-housing' estate with a bad reputation. Key words: panel-housing estates, Jižní Město, housing, local/collective memory, local/urban identity, everyday life, city, so-called normalisation.

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My thesis discusses the ways in which Julia Alvarez's In the Time of the Butterflies (1994) and In the Name of Salomé (2000) are revolutionary texts contesting traditional, male dominated history and redirecting historical and communal foci to the lives of Dominican women. I employ Walter Benjamin's theories found in his essays "The Storyteller" (1936) and "On the Concept of History" (1940) to assist my exploration of Alvarez's questions concerning the power and effect of storytelling, and the importance of reconstructing various historical voices and images, specifically, the importance of reconstructing female voices in male dominated cultures. I discuss the female-narrated component to Dominican history which Alvarez creates in her reconstruction of the lives of these women. Alvarez confronts the challenge of breaking these women out of their marginalized status by combining fiction with history in her reconstruction of their lives. Alvarez assumes the multifaceted role of mediator, story-teller, and historian as she remembers and re-presents Dominican history through the eyes of women who lived, experienced, and affected change within the Dominican Republic. Without merely act as a reporter of historical "facts," Alvarez reconstructs the lives of these women fictionally, applying her impressions and ideas about the personalities, feelings, and thoughts of these women, and historically, utilizing first and secondhand accounts and information about the women. Ultimately, the women are presented as individuals but are also connected to a collective memory and history. As individuals with human characteristics, the women are no longer inaccessible legends. As members of a collective memory and history, the women are redeemed from the isolating effect of their patriarchal society which would have women remain silent. Due to Alvarez's reconstruction, their stories finally have the potential for further dissemination in the future with the possibility to affect other oppressed peoples. Thus, Alvarez's reconstruction of the resistance of a few women in Dominican history produces the capacity for additional resistance by Alvarez's audience to the same forces that these women were combating which continue to exist today — forces such as patriarchy, dictatorial governments, fascism, and economic disparity.

The master thesis is a research about the relationship between memorials and light. It first studies the characteristics of cultural memories and tries to find what the advantages of using lighting as a means of commemoration are. The nowadays memorials are very different compared to the traditional monuments and they should include a changing narrative, treating local and universal messages. They should involve the public.A contemporary memorial is ephemeral and continuously changing- the same as light is.A series of contemporary memorials have been selected to understand the tools that makes them successful. Furthermore, it was analyzed how these parameters could be achieved through light. 12 memorials that use light as an eloquent tool have been interpreted according to certain criteria.The second part of the thesis is an applied project related to the events that happened in Timisoara, Romania, in 1989 during the anticommunist Revolution. The process of creating memorials for Timisoara is a key focus of the study. The development is equally important as the end result. It searches for the significant messages and lessons of the event. Testimonials of the participants to the revolution have been studied. Interviews and questionnaires have been developed. Following this, significant places in the city and messages were chosen. The research will conclude with a lighting installations project proposal.