O objeto desse estudo trata da história do distrito de Criúva, onde houve a presença de forças culturais heterogêneas em sua formação. O tema escolhido reporta-se ao estudo da História Regional, cujo espaço geográfico localiza-se no interior de Caxias do Sul, especificamente no distrito de Criúva, onde se identifica a presença dos lusos como primeiros representantes europeus e mais tarde outros imigrantes, que influenciaram as práticas culturais na localidade. O ponto de partida é a posse e ocupação da terra no Rio Grande do Sul até o estabelecimento do povoado ainda no período da formação do estado no século XVIII. Para satisfazer de forma adequada os objetivos propostos foram trabalhadas fontes documentais e bibliográficas que dão conta da história da localidade até o momento. Estas fontes foram cruzadas com as fontes orais que trazem a memória sobre o objeto de estudo e ao mesmo tempo revelam as identidades e os elementos que caracterizam a população daquela localidade. O método utilizado foi o da história oral, baseado em autores que deram sustentação a análise. Os resultados mostram as influências que a região teve em seus diversos desdobramentos e como a população enfrentou os mesmos. As diversas identidades são tratadas no estudo como produto da relação que nasceu entre lusos, luso-brasileiros e os imigrantes que ocuparam a região. O patrimônio material e imaterial reflete o conjunto de valores que a população manteve e que refletem seus hábitos, costumes e ações. O estudo sobre a história do distrito de Criúva pretende colaborar para o ensino de história do município de Caxias do Sul, numa demonstração da força do trabalho no campo, no cultivo da terra, na criação de gado e nos serviços que os lugares de passagem se transformaram, auxiliando o desenvolvimento econômico da região. / The object of this study deals with the history of Criúva district, where there was the presence of heterogeneous cultural forces in their formation. The theme refers to the study of Regional History, the geographical space located inside of Caxias do Sul, specifically Criúva district, which identifies the presence of Portuguese descendant as first European representatives and later other immigrants who influenced cultural practices in the locality. The starting point is the ownership and land occupation in Rio Grande do Sul to the village property still in the period of state formation in the eighteenth century. To meet adequately the objectives were worked documentary and bibliographic sources that tell the history of the town so far. These sources were combined with the oral sources that bring the memory of the object of study and at the same time reveal the identities and the characteristics of the population of that locality. The method used was the oral history, based on authors who have supported the analysis. The results show the influences that the region has in its various developments and as the population faced the same. The different identities are treated in the study as a product of the relationship that was born between Portuguese descendant, “Luso-Brazilians” and immigrants who occupied the region. The tangible and intangible heritage reflects the set of values that the population remained and reflects their habits, customs and actions. The study on the history of Criúva district intends to contribute to the teaching of history in the city of Caxias do Sul, in a demonstration of the labor force in the countryside, in the cultivation of land, cattle breeding and services that passing places turned, helping the economic development of the region.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-29T18:43:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Irina Alencar de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 15641684 bytes, checksum: e7c98b950ee7eabdcca238af4bb74c66 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2017-07-07T19:33:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Irina Alencar de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 15641684 bytes, checksum: e7c98b950ee7eabdcca238af4bb74c66 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T19:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Irina Alencar de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 15641684 bytes, checksum: e7c98b950ee7eabdcca238af4bb74c66 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / It is proposed to research the urban permanences verified in the initial core of Goiânia, as from Goiás Avenue, its most symbolic and expressive stretch. It starts with the analysis of the political discourse disseminated by Pedro Ludovico Teixeira, in favor of moving the capital to a place better adjusted to his political interests, after the triumph of the Brazilian Revolution of 1930. Therefore, he builds powerful social representations, based on the images of the old and the new capital, in order to oppose those against this change and consolidate his government. In addition to the speech and propaganda, Ludovico uses, as a statement element, the urban plan designed by Attilio Corrêa Lima, creating a modern intentional monument to be immortalized, translated by the monumental Goiás Avenue. Then, the city experiences a vertiginous growth in its territory and population, mainly after the 1950s, resulting in the disfigurement of its pioneering core. The spatial transformations verified in Goiás Avenue are representative of this scenario, such as its verticalization process and the changes in its layout to meet the demands from the public transportation. From these losses, consequences of the progressive mentality that is rooted in the local culture, arise the first initiatives to preserve the material evidences of the beginning Goiânia, culminating with its federal preservation in 2003. From this institutionalization as a national heritage, it is focused the appropriation by the city inhabitants, through the research of the urban imaginary created since the pioneer’s city until the present day, highlighting striking points in this trajectory. For that, it is used literature in prose and verse to reach the local collective memory, focusing on the capital early years and on the current city - violent, disjointed and that is forgetting its history day by day. / Esse trabalho investiga as permanências urbanas verificadas no núcleo inicial de Goiânia, a partir da Avenida Goiás, seu mais simbólico e expressivo trecho. Parte-se da análise do discurso político difundido por Pedro Ludovico Teixeira, em defesa da transferência da capital para um local mais ajustado aos seus interesses políticos, após o triunfo da Revolução de 1930. Para isso, ele constrói poderosas representações sociais, fundamentadas nas imagens da velha e da nova capital, visando combater os antimudancistas e consolidar seu governo. Além do discurso e da propaganda, Ludovico utiliza o próprio plano urbano projetado por Attilio Corrêa Lima como elemento de afirmação, criando um monumento intencional moderno a ser eternizado, traduzido através da monumental Avenida Goiás. A partir de então, a cidade vivencia um crescimento territorial e populacional vertiginoso, sobretudo, após a década de 1950, resultando na descaracterização de seu núcleo pioneiro. As transformações espaciais verificadas na Avenida Goiás são representativas desse cenário, a exemplo de seu processo de verticalização e das modificações em seu traçado para atender às demandas do transporte coletivo. Sentidas as perdas, em consequência da mentalidade progressista que se arraiga na cultura local, surgem as primeiras iniciativas para preservação dos testemunhos materiais da Goiânia dos primórdios, que culminam com o tombamento federal em 2003. A partir de sua institucionalização como patrimônio histórico, volta-se o olhar para sua apropriação por parte dos habitantes locais, através da investigação do imaginário urbano formado desde a cidade dos pioneiros até a atualidade, destacando-se pontos marcantes nessa trajetória. Utiliza-se, para tanto, a literatura em prosa e verso para atingir a memória coletiva local, com foco nos primeiros anos da capital e na cidade atual, violenta, desarticulada e que vem se esquecendo de sua história a cada dia.

M.A. (French) / This thesis investigates the collective literary Project entitled Rwanda: écrire par devoir de mémoire, written by nine Francophone, African intellectuals in response to the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda. Six of them are fictional novels or travel diaries by non- Rwandans, based on the stories and adaptations of the stories of survivors. There is one poetry anthology and two texts by Rwandans: a survivor’s testimony and an essay by a Tutsi who was in exile during the genocide. A comparison of the literary strategies, used by the authors to respond both individually and collectively to the difficulty of writing the ‘inexpressible’, forms the basis of this analysis. It explores trauma theory and its application to literature and fiction, focusing on how signs of traumatic memory are made visible in the texts. Based on Ricoeur’s notion of triple mimesis, it considers the interaction between victim, writer/text and reader/listener which re-establishes the communication interrupted by the trauma of genocide. The thesis considers the initiation, aims and challenges of the Project. It provides an overview of the origins and consequences of the genocide as observed by the writers. A literary analysis of each of the nine texts separately allows the reader to appreciate the variety of approaches: collective/individual; witness-survivor/indirect witness; fact/fiction, and the blending of these opposites. A synthesis of the recurring motifs, lieux de mémoire and emblematic characters foregrounds tensions that emerge in the postgenocide society between memory and forgetting, identity and alterity, survivors and exiles, forgiveness and justice, survival and the death experience. These elements create an intertextual, fictional world that is nevertheless anchored in the reality of genocide, a polyphonic narrative which contributes to a deeper understanding of the collective horror of the genocide.

La novela realista De amor y de sombra, por la autora Isabel Allende, describe como dos jóvenes luchan contra la “injusticia legalizada” en un lugar ficticio que alude a Chile bajo la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet. Un tema subyacente pero crucial en la obra es el olvido – individual, colectivo e impuesto. Por consiguiente demostraremos en este análisis cómo se presenta el olvido en la novela De amor y de sombra. La hipótesis que dirige nuestro estudio es que el olvido tiene un propósito mayor – destacar la importancia de recordar el pasado. Haciendo un análisis hermenéutico, nos apoyaremos en tres teorías sobre el olvido y el olvido social, resaltando ejemplos de personajes y acontecimientos de la novela. Por ende, en la conclusión se afirma la hipótesis y que la obra de Isabel Allende hace un llamamiento a recordar el pasado. / The realistic novel De amor y de sombra (Of Love and Shadows), by the author Isabel Allende, describes how a young couple fights against the “legalized injustice” in a fictive place that allude to Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. An underlying but crucial theme in the novel is the oblivion – individual, collective and imposed. Therefore we will show by this analysis how the oblivion is presented in the novel De amor y de sombra. The hypothesis that guides our study, is that the oblivion has a greater purpose – to bring out the importance of remember the past. Through a hermeneutic method, we will found our analysis on three theories of oblivion and social oblivion when analyzing characters and occurrences in the novel. Hence, in the conclusion the hypothesis is confirmed, together with the fact that the novel by Isabel Allende makes a statement of the importance of remembering the past.

Constantin, grâce à sa prise de pouvoir au début du IVe siècle, permettra l'essor d'un nouveau type de dévotion, consacré aux hommes et aux femmes ayant rendu l'âme en défendant leur ferveur pour le Christ et son Père. Ainsi, Laurent, persécuté à Rome en l'an 258, deviendra au siècle suivant la figure prédominante du martyre dans la ville éternelle. Ce mémoire cherche à comprendre comment se développera son culte et quelles sont les raisons qui mèneront son martyre à la primauté dans la capitale romaine. En étudiant les sources littéraires et épigraphiques, notamment sous la plume de Damase, Ambroise, Prudence et Augustin, ainsi qu'en explorant les informations archéologiques sur la construction d'églises dévouées à Laurent, nous en sommes venus à la conclusion que le martyr romain a contribué à la création d'une mémoire collective chrétienne qui correspondait au besoin identitaire de l'Urbs, dans ce passage d'un empire « païen » à un empire chrétien. Cette création d'une mémoire collective repose sur la sacralisation du territoire par l’empereur Constantin et l’évêque romain Damase, l’introduction de nouveaux rituels et dans la foulée, de l’instrumentalisation de Laurent et du culte des saints par les auteurs anciens dans leur élaboration de l’identité chrétienne de la ville de Rome. / Constantine, with his seize of power in the early fourth century, has allowed the growth of a new form of devotion dedicated to the men and women tormented because of their beliefs in Christ and his Holy Father. Thereby, Lawrence, persecuted in 258 A.D. in Rome, has become the main figure of martyrdom in the Eternal City during the following century. This master's thesis aims at comprehending how the cult of Lawrence's unfolded and why it became the predominant martyr cult in the Roman capital. By studying literary and epigraphic sources, especially Damasus, Ambrose, Augustine and Prudence, as well as the archaeological data on the construction of the churches dedicated to Lawrence, we came to the conclusion that the Roman martyr helped establish a Christian collective memory corresponding to the identity needs of the Urbs in this period characterized by the passage of a "pagan" empire to a Christian empire. This creation of a collective memory is based on the sacralisation of the roman territory by the emperor Constantine and the roman bishop Damasus, on the introduction of new rituals and on the instrumentation of Lawrence and the cult of the saints by the ancient writers in their elaboration of a Christian identity for the city of Rome.

When South Africa became a democracy, many of its cultural institutions were tainted by the stigma of having been tools for the production and propagation of apartheid ideology. This thesis examines two key facets of post-apartheid museums and memorials. Firstly, how they have repositioned themselves as institutions of cultural and social standing. Secondly, their role as tools of nation building, social change, and creators of national collective memory within the new democratic South Africa. Through an analysis of cultural memory theory pertaining to museology, this study elaborates on the methods employed by museums to incorporate memory into their narratives and in turn, transfer collective memory to their viewers. This thesis provides a comparative study of the architectural, memorial and museological strategies of two post-apartheid museums; the Red Location Museum and the Apartbeid Museum. It examines the contributions of both museums to the introduction of new museological strategies for the successful creation and transmission of South African collective memory. Through this analysis, both the invaluable contributions and the drawbacks of post-apartheid museums as tools for the promotion of new democratic ideologies and philosophies are considered. This thesis does not resolve the arguments and questions which have surfaced regarding cultural institutions as tools for the promotion of reconciliation and the construction of national collective memory within South Africa. As the current climate of memorialisation is one of change and paradox, it is presently impossible to fully quantify post-apartheid museums' roles within South Africa's move toward reconciliation and social change. However, the examination of both the Red Location Museum and the Apartheid Museum reveals the extraordinary change that South African cultural institutions have undergone in addition to their potential to become institutions which facilitate active reconciliation as well as social and cultural growth.

The study critically examines public art in postcolonial Zimbabwe‘s cities of Harare and Bulawayo. In a case by case approach, I analyse the National Heroes Acre and Old Bulawayo monuments, and three contemporary sculptures – Dominic Benhura‘s Leapfrog (1993) and Adam Madebe‘s Ploughman (1987) and Looking into the future (1985). I used a qualitative research methodology to collect and analyse data. My research design utilised in-depth interviews, observation, content and document analysis, and photography to gather nuanced data and these methods ensured that data collected is validated and/or triangulated. I argue that in Zimbabwe, monuments and public sculpture serve as the necessary interface of the visual, cultural and political discourse of a postcolonial nation that is constantly in transition and dialogue with the everyday realities of trying to understand and construct a national identity from a nest of sub-cultures. I further argue that monuments and public sculpture in Zimbabwe abound with political imperatives given that, as visual artefacts that interlace with ritual performance, they are conscious creations of society and are therefore constitutive of that society‘s heritage and social memory. Since independence in 1980, monuments and public sculpture have helped to open up discursive space and dialogue on national issues and myths. Such discursive spaces and dialogues, I also argue, have been particularly animated from the late 1990s to the present, a period in which the nation has engaged in self-introspection in the face of socio-political change and challenges in the continual process of imagining the Zimbabwean nation. Little research focusing on postcolonial public art in Zimbabwe has hitherto been undertaken. This study addresses gaps in this literature while also providing a spring board from which future studies may emerge. / Microsoft� Word 2010 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

The original contribution of this thesis is the examination of the official construction of a post-apartheid foundation myth through the analysis of the dead body politics of five iconic South African women that spans the three presidencies that have defined South Africa’s democratic era. This thesis examines the death and funeral of Albertina Sisulu, the return and burial of Sara Baartman, and the commemoration of Charlotte Maxeke, Lilian Ngoyi, and Helen Joseph. Sisulu, Baartman, Maxeke, Ngoyi, and Joseph have been constructed as heroines and as foundational figures for the post-apartheid nation in official rhetoric. It will contend that the dead body politics of these women not only informs a new foundational mythology, but also features in the processes of regime legitimation when the ANC-dominated government faces strong societal criticism. Although such official expressions of nationalism may appear exhausted, this thesis will show that nationalism remains a powerful and dangerous force in South Africa that attempts to silence opposition and critical analysis of perceived failing government policies or inaction. This thesis will indicate that as women’s bodies and legacies are appropriated for nationalist projects they are subsumed in discourses of domestic femininity in official rhetoric that dangerously detract from women’s democratic rights and their ability to exercise responsible and productive citizenship in the post-apartheid state. It will argue that women’s historic political activism is contained within the meta-narrative of ‘The Struggle’ and that women are re-subsumed into the patriarchal discourses of the past that are inherited in the present. This thesis approaches this topic by considering a top-to-bottom construction of post-apartheid nationalism through applying feminist critical discourse analysis to official rhetoric articulated at the public mourning and commemorative rituals of these five women.

La Seconde Guerre mondiale occupe une place centrale dans la mémoire collective britannique. Érigée en véritable mythe national, la guerre a une telle prégnance dans l’espace public en Grande-Bretagne que certains commentateurs n’hésitent pas à parler d’une obsession nationale pour le conflit. Elle en vient à constituer l’une des facettes de la « Britishness », de l’identité nationale britannique, à une heure où celle-ci est plus que jamais débattue et soumise au questionnement. Afin de déterminer si la Seconde Guerre mondiale est un mythe britannique ou un mythe anglais, ses représentations dans les pays constitutifs du Royaume-Uni et en Irlande sont ici étudiées. Les aspirations nationalistes écossaises semblent en effet avoir une influence sur les représentations de la guerre en Écosse ; quant à l’Irlande, bien qu’elle soit restée neutre pendant le conflit, cette neutralité est aujourd’hui remise en question au profit d’une interprétation selon laquelle le pays aurait soutenu sans réserve – quoique tacitement – les Alliés. Alors que le visage de la Grande-Bretagne est résolument multi-ethnique, cette étude cherche à déterminer dans quelle mesure les anciens peuples coloniaux et du Commonwealth se reconnaissent dans les représentations traditionnelles dominantes. Au coeur d’une vague de commémoration de la Seconde Guerre mondiale sans précédent, un exemple fait figure d’exception : celui des équipages du Bomber Command. Longtemps critiqués et mis à l’écart des pratiques commémoratives et de la mémoire collective britannique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en raison de leur participation à la très controversée campagne aérienne stratégique (dont les bombardements firent des dizaines de milliers de victimes parmi les populations civiles allemandes), les équipages du Bomber Command sont aujourd’hui élevés au rang de héros en Grande-Bretagne. Le tout nouveau statut héroïque du Bomber Command marque un tournant dans l’historiographie de la campagne aérienne stratégique et dans le débat public britannique. / The Second World War occupies a central place in British collective memory. The war, which is considered to be a national myth in Britain, remains pervasive in the British public debate to the point that some commentators call it a national obsession. The war constitutes one of the facets of Britishness at a time when British national identity is much debated and open to question. The representations of the Second World War in Scotland, Wales and Ireland are examined in order to determine whether the war is a British myth or an English myth. Scottish nationalist aspirations, for instance, seem to have an influence on the way the conflict is represented in Scotland. At a time when Britain is more than ever ethnically diverse, this study seeks to determine the extent to which former colonial peoples are able to recognise themselves in the traditional representations of the war which dominate the public debate in Britain. In the midst of an unprecedented boom in remembrance, the Bomber Command crews are an exception. Although their role in the combined bomber offensive (which caused thousands of victims among the German civilian population) had been subjected to much criticism and excluded bomber crews from the myth of the war, they are now hailed as heroes in Britain. Bomber Command’s newly-found heroic status is a turning point in the historiography of the air offensive and the British public debate.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 eliene_martins_ferreira.pdf: 2390552 bytes, checksum: 9b7f20f514bc930a7218c92fbd56a7dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-26 / Our research aims to analyze the construction of Afro-Brazilian memory in manifestation of Tambores Mirins which is developed in Pátio do Terço, in Recife. To develop our investigation we used a semi-structured research with 14 (fourteen) children s Maracatu leaders that participated of the event, of these, 01 (one) is from school, 04 (four) are from NGOs, 04 (four) are from Afro-Brazilian religion, and 05 (four) are from leaders who are responsible for the organization of the event. We also based our research in the participant observation of the parade, in the organization of Tambores Mirins in 2011 and 2012, and bibliographic researches. Our theoretical framework was based, mainly, on the concept of the collective memory of Maurice Halbwachs, who believes it is a social process of reconstruction of the past, experienced by a particular group, where memories have the need to be supported by an affective community, we cannot remember by ourselves. Also, the anthropological concept of Geertz was important as well, in which reflects the relationship between culture and religion, and Roger Bastide, with the sociology of religion, who help us to understand how African religions have reacted to the different transformations caused by the black diaspora. From the result of the research, we have made the analysis to identify how does the process of as the Afro-Brazilian memory occurs through strategies used by leaders with children and adolescents. We identified, with the result of our research, that the strategies used by the leaderships of Tambores Mirins contribute to the construction of Afro-Brazilian s memory to keep alive a cultural tradition, inherited by the ancestors, through the lucidity of Maracatu. / Nossa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a construção de memória afro-brasileira na manifestação dos Tambores Mirins, que ocorre no Pátio do Terço, no Recife. Para desenvolver nossa investigação, utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada com 14 (catorze) pessoas. Também partimos da observação participante do desfile e organização dos Tambores Mirins em 2011 e 2012 e de pesquisas bibliográficas. Nosso referencial teórico baseou-se principalmente nos estudos de Maurice Halbwachs que desenvolveu o conceito de memória coletiva fundamental para essa pesquisa. Esse teórico entende memória coletiva como um processo social de reconstrução do passado, vivenciado por um determinado grupo, necessitando de apoiar-se numa comunidade afetiva para ativar as lembranças, pois não lembramos sozinhos. Também foi importante o conceito de cultura de Geertz, o qual reflete a relação entre cultura e religião; e Roger Bastide, com a sociologia da religião para compreendermos como as religiões africanas reagiram às diversas transformações provocadas pela diáspora negra. A partir dos dados coletados, procedemos à análise para identificar como ocorre o processo de construção de memória afro-brasileira através das estratégias utilizadas pelas lideranças com as crianças e adolescentes. Identificamos, como parte do resultado dessa pesquisa, que as estratégias utilizadas pelas lideranças dos Tambores Mirins contribuem para a construção de memória afro-brasileira como forma de manter viva uma tradição cultural herdada dos antepassados, através da ludicidade do maracatu.