C’est à tort qu’on a considéré que l’ordre juridique anglais ne connaît ou ne pourrait connaître un contrôle de la «loi». Si l’on y a vu une irréductible doctrine de la souveraineté du parlement, qui met en place un «règne de la légalité» froid et implacable, l’on a, en cela, méconnu le véritable sens de la common law, comme porteur d'une unique idée de «jurisdictio» à travers les temps, déployant un programme de droit tant herméneutique que fondamentalement constitutionnaliste, tout en étant en perpétuel devenir. La doctrine de la souveraineté du parlement tire sa reconnaissance d’une doctrine common law. Or, la «légalité», par ses postulats même, est prise au piège par un deuxième principe qui en émane, celui que nous nommons «principe de supra-légalité», du fait du contenu même de certains Actes du Parlement et de la considération que leur réserve la common law. Par ailleurs, la common law est celle qui a permis en sa «jurisdictio», la «Rule of Law», et par là, de s’assurer d'une «constitution common law». De son fait jurisprudentiel, comme dialectique et discours, elle vise une mise en œuvre perpétuelle en problématique permanente de toute norme supérieure. C'est ce qui caractérise le «principe de jurisprudentialité» qui s’ajoute ainsi à la «supra-légalité». Principes de légalité, de supra-légalité et de jurisprudentialité sont ceux qui façonnent alors le principe de constitutionnalité en cette constitution common law. La common law, seul gardien des principes intangibles du droit, autonome et auto-validée par sa Raison fut le premier modèle constitutionnaliste existant dans les droits modernes. / It has been one of the main legal misunderstandings of the modern world that the English legal system cannot admit of anyconstitutional review of laws. The prevailing idea colouring any vision ofits constituent parts has been marked by a cold anrlirreducible doctrine of the Sovereignty of Parliament which in turn has brought about a <Rule of Legality> narrowly definerl - far from being akin to any Diceyean <<Rule of Lawr (or Rule of (the' Law)- , thereby preventing any constitutionalist territory within its domain to be carved orrt. This half-truth has masked the real meaning of the common law, as spelling out over centuries, a unique idea of <jurisdictio>, underlying which is a programme polarized by a hermeneutic vision of itself as law-realisation, as well as being a constitutionalist backdrop to any legal system. The doctrine of the Sovereignty of Parliament derives its recognition from what can be termed as the <Principle of Jurisprudentiality>, the keystone of the <Common Law Constitution>>. Legality, in turn, hy its fundamentals, is caught in its own game, by an emerging superior principle, that of what is here termed <Supra-Legality>, if only owing to the content of Acts of Parliament themselves. The Common Law, the only guardian of intangible or immutable principles of law, autonomous and self-validating due to its Reason, did bring about a first constitutionalist model in the modern world. At all times, a constitutional review of laws has been carried out in the English legal system, albeit under different guises, now enhanced following the incorporation of the ECHR and community laws.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel do Amaral de Oliveira Sa.pdf: 1175088 bytes, checksum: 7394418494418c700024af782ff88ff9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / The purpose of this essay is to analyze the possibility of introducing the common law legal figure known as trust in the Brazilian legal system. Trusts were created in England during the middle age and nowadays they are one of the most popular legal devices for wealth management, charity, wills and estate planning and project finance, among other purposes. As they were formed within the common law environment, many dogmatic obstacles to the recognition of the trusts have been raised by some civil law jurisdictions. The main difficulties related to trusts acknowledgment found by civil lawyers are related to the Romanist concept of property rights, which are radically different from the one created by the common law. Hence, we will discuss the historical background of the issue, the efforts that some civil law countries provided to overcome it, as well as the challenges that will eventually be faced by the Brazilian legislator in order to recognize trusts into our legal system / O presente trabalho tem o propósito de analisar a possibilidade de introdução no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro da figura jurídica surgida na common law conhecida como trust. Os trusts foram criados na Inglaterra durante a Idade Média e hoje são um dos mais populares instrumentos para gestão patrimonial, caridade, planejamento sucessório, financiamento de projetos, entre outras finalidade. Como foram criados no ambiente da common law, muitos obstáculos de caráter dogmático têm sido colocados ao seu reconhecimento pelos países de direito romanogermâmico. Os maiores empecilhos colocados pelos juristas romano-germânicos relacionam-se ao conceito romanista de direito de propriedade, o qual é radicalmente distinto daquele encontrado na common law. Destarte, discutiremos as raízes históricas desse problema, os esforços que alguns países romanistas têm despendido para superá-lo, bem como os eventuais desafios que serão eventualmente encontrados pelo legislador brasileiro na tarefa de reconhecer os trusts em nosso ordenamento

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-24T11:46:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Filardi Pereira.pdf: 1167805 bytes, checksum: e6adb1d729b34427c0818c0465a45146 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T11:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Filardi Pereira.pdf: 1167805 bytes, checksum: e6adb1d729b34427c0818c0465a45146 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-14 / DECISÕES COERENTES: VALORIZAÇÃO DOS PRECEDENTES NO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL COMO TÉCNICA DE PREVISIBILIDADE DECISÓRIA / DECISÕES COERENTES: VALORIZAÇÃO DOS PRECEDENTES NO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL COMO TÉCNICA DE PREVISIBILIDADE DECISÓRIA

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:34:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 452923.pdf: 1693972 bytes, checksum: 158a01c84e2fe346f4999fbae55c9c60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-31 / This paper examines the role of the judge in conducting civil cases throughout history since the Middle Ages, during which germinated the formation of the two legal traditions of the Western world - civil law and common law. It starts with the approach of the relationship between the political and social context to jurisdiction, seeking to establish the connection between the concentration and the strengthening of state power, the centralization of legal activity in the state and the appreciation of the task of legal rules enforcement by the courts, determined in civil law, on the one hand, and the devolution of political power, the overvaluation of the parties performance and the prominence of the particularities of the case, attested in common law, on the other, with the formatting process of two contrasted models, both aiming to solve the conflict, and, nevertheless, absorbing differently the partial change in the purpose of government action during the transition state from liberal to welfare state. It follows the finding that, despite the assignment of a positive responsibility to conduct the case to the judge since the late nineteenth century, each tradition reacted in its own way, demonstrating the obvious disadvantages of the bulking of judicial discretion in English and especially American settings and the assumption of an authoritarian-interventionist posture in Continental and Latin-American sceneries. Following the approach, it is portrayed the contours assumed by legal phenomenon in a democratic state under rule of law, in which, given the recognition of normative principles, legal process should become the arena where concrete cases are effectively debated and decided with reference to legal and constitutional system. As a result, it is recognized the need that such results obtain a procedural and substantive legitimacy, which is achieved by allowing parties to participate in the construction of the solution that involves their cause, but whose gear is driven by the judge, who has the duty to give hints and feedbacks as it is embodied in the German procedural system in order to attain the conformation of a suitable procedure, balanced and real opportunities of thorough discussion, a quick decision and a disposition by settlement, when appropriate. / O presente trabalho examina o papel do juiz na dire??o do processo, ao longo da hist?ria a contar da Idade M?dia, per?odo no qual germinada a forma??o das duas tradi??es jur?dicas do mundo ocidental civil law e common law. Parte-se da abordagem da rela??o entre o contexto pol?tico-social e a jurisdi??o, buscando estabelecer a conex?o entre a concentra??o e o fortalecimento do poder estatal, a centraliza??o da atividade jur?dica no Estado e a valoriza??o da tarefa de aplica??o da lei pelo juiz, verificada em civil law, de um lado, e a desconcentra??o do poder pol?tico, a sobrevaloriza??o da atua??o das partes no processo e a proemin?ncia das peculiaridades do caso concreto, atestada em common law, de outro, com a formata??o de dois modelos contrapostos de processo, ambos voltados ? solu??o de conflitos mas que restam por absorver, de forma diversa, a parcial mudan?a na finalidade da atua??o estatal, na transi??o do Estado Liberal para o Estado Social. Segue-se a verifica??o de que, n?o obstante a atribui??o da dire??o do processo ao juiz desde o final do s?culo XIX, em ambos os contextos, cada qual a repercutiu de determinada forma, restando evidentes as desvantagens do avultamento da discricionariedade judicial nos cen?rios ingl?s e, sobretudo, estadunidense, e a assun??o de um car?ter autorit?rio-interventivo da postura do magistrado no painel europeu-continental e latinoamericano. Na sequ?ncia, retratam-se os contornos assumidos pelo fen?meno jur?dico no ?mbito do Estado Democr?tico de Direito, onde, dado o reconhecimento da normatividade dos princ?pios, o processo deve transformar-se no espa?o em que efetivamente se controvertam situa??es f?ticas concretas, a serem decididas com o referencial do ordenamento jur?dico-constitucional. Decorre da? a necessidade de que seus resultados legitimem-se processual e materialmente, o que se d? pela abertura ? participa??o das partes na constru??o da solu??o jur?dica da causa que as envolva, mas cuja engrenagem ? orientada pela atua??o do juiz na dire??o material do processo, nos termos como consagrado o instituto no sistema processual alem?o, de forma que se assegurem a conforma??o de um procedimento id?neo, oportunidades reais e equilibradas do debate exaustivo, um r?pido deslide do feito e, sendo aconselh?vel, o seu encerramento pela via da autocomposi??o.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-10-11T14:55:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Reis Fortes do Rego_.pdf: 905042 bytes, checksum: 155c79b1d9ebf0c419bbff3ff378bc0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T14:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Reis Fortes do Rego_.pdf: 905042 bytes, checksum: 155c79b1d9ebf0c419bbff3ff378bc0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A presente dissertação se propõe a analisar o papel exercido pela Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos da América no cenário político-jurídico do país. De uma instituição meramente jurídica, historicamente, a Suprema Corte tem desempenhado importante papel na formulação de políticas públicas nacionais e na condução do debate público nacional. Mediante uma análise histórica do Direito estadunidense, pretende-se apresentar as diferenças e as peculiaridades do Direito dos Estados Unidos, em comparação ao Direito inglês. Nesse cotejo, nota-se que antecedentes do controle jurisdicional de constitucionalidade de leis já eram vistos no Direito inglês, como as contribuições de Edward Coke, e na própria história colonial americana. Com fundamento no common law inglês, mas com influências da tradição jurídica romano-germânica, o Direito estadunidense desenvolveu institutos próprios, aptos a enfrentar os desafios surgidos no novo país. Entre as inovações, há a Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos, órgão de cúpula do Poder Judiciário, que, entretanto, desempenha importante função política na concretização das disposições constitucionais, na harmonização entre os Poderes e entre os diversos entes federados. Em verdade, a Corte concorre na elaboração de políticas públicas nacionais, voz ativa nas principais deliberações públicas nacionais, influenciada e influenciando os atores políticos tradicionais. / This thesis analyzes the role played by the United States Supreme Court in the legal and political frame. From a legal institution, historically, the Supreme Court has played an important role in the formulation of national policies and the conduct of national public debate. For historical analysis of U.S. Law, it intends to show the differences and peculiarities of the U.S. Law versus to English law. Then, the judicial review`s history started in English Law, as the study of Edward Coke, and even in the American colonial history. Based on English common law, but with influences from civil law tradition, the American Law has developed its own institutions, able to face the challenges in the new country. Among the innovations, there is the United States Supreme Court, a member of the Federal Judiciary, which, however, plays an important political role in the respect of constitutional provisions, the harmonization between the powers and the States. In fact, the Court takes part of the national policies, thus it is an active voice in the national public deliberations, whereas the Court influenced and is influencing for the traditional political actors.

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the development of the notion of property concept since the promulgation of the Constitution of South Africa 108 of 1996 with special reference to the influence of statutory developments and especially the influence of Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998. In the preamble to the Constitution it is made very clear that the injustices of the past are recognised and that it is endeavoured to rectify the division of the past and that all efforts are to be made to build a future that is characterised for the acknowledgement of human rights, democracy, equality and peaceful co-existence. In the Bill of Rights the right to property is acknowledged as a fundamental right and is it also mentioned that the state must respect, protect, promote and fulfil the rights in the Bill of Rights. Before the Constitution common law protection for ownership was well established, but no statutory protection for ownership existed. The effect of the property clause (section 25) of the Constitution was that not only ownership, but also other rights to property protected. The property clause prescribes that no one may be deprived of his property, except in terms of law of general application, and no law may permit arbitrary deprivation of property. No fundamental right is absolute with the effect that conflict may arise between the different clauses of the Bill of Rights. A typical example may be where the rights of an owner of immovable come into conflict with another person's right to housing. It must, however, always be borne in mind that no fundamental right is absolute that it is possible, under certain circumstances, to limit a fundamental right. This limitation may also occur in the case of property rights. Certain statutory developments took place since the promulgation of the Constitution. The most important of these developments is of course the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998. In terms of this Act it is required that certain formalities are to be fulfilled before an unlawful occupier may be evicted from property. The relevant part of the Act is the definition of an illegal occupier. Despite the fact that it was decided in several court cases that an illegal occupier does not include a person who previously had permission to occupy the property, it was decided by the Supreme Court of Appeal in Ndlovu v Ngcobo : Bekker v Jika that the act is applicable to such occupiers and specifically to lessees who's lease agreements have expired or a mortgagor who's mortgage has been foreclosed and who now refuses to vacate the property in question. The key findings are that the property concept has developed drastically since the Constitution. In regard to statutory development the most important development was the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act which was found to be applicable to all unlawful occupiers of property, regardless of the fact that the occupiers may previously have occupied the property lawfully. The Legal Amendment Bill is to rectify this in order to ensure that the Prevention of lllegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act will no longer be applicable to such occupiers and specifically to lessees who's lease agreements have expired or mortgagors who's bond have been called up and who now refuse to vacate the property in question This amendment will bring the (often) conflicting fundamental rights to property and housing into a greater degree of harmony, even though it will not solve all problems. It is the duty of the State to address this and all other potential conflict between different fundamental rights. The method used in this dissertation was the analytical study of statutes, court cases and articles in legal magazines. / Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Before 1994 administrative law was dominated by parliamentary supremacy which dictated that Parliament is the supreme law-making authority in the state. This position was radically changed by the new democratic order. To protect the rights of citizens a Bill of Rights was introduced in South Africa. This research focuses on the uncertainty pertaining to the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. Section 24 of the interim Constitution, section 33 of the final Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 were introduced to safeguard the individual against unfair administrative action. These legislative measures as well as applicable case law are analysed in order to establish whether they have brought about greater clarity concerning the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Before 1994 administrative law was dominated by parliamentary supremacy which dictated that Parliament is the supreme law-making authority in the state. This position was radically changed by the new democratic order. To protect the rights of citizens a Bill of Rights was introduced in South Africa. This research focuses on the uncertainty pertaining to the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. Section 24 of the interim Constitution, section 33 of the final Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 were introduced to safeguard the individual against unfair administrative action. These legislative measures as well as applicable case law are analysed in order to establish whether they have brought about greater clarity concerning the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the development of the notion of property concept since the promulgation of the Constitution of South Africa 108 of 1996 with special reference to the influence of statutory developments and especially the influence of Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998. In the preamble to the Constitution it is made very clear that the injustices of the past are recognised and that it is endeavoured to rectify the division of the past and that all efforts are to be made to build a future that is characterised for the acknowledgement of human rights, democracy, equality and peaceful co-existence. In the Bill of Rights the right to property is acknowledged as a fundamental right and is it also mentioned that the state must respect, protect, promote and fulfil the rights in the Bill of Rights. Before the Constitution common law protection for ownership was well established, but no statutory protection for ownership existed. The effect of the property clause (section 25) of the Constitution was that not only ownership, but also other rights to property protected. The property clause prescribes that no one may be deprived of his property, except in terms of law of general application, and no law may permit arbitrary deprivation of property. No fundamental right is absolute with the effect that conflict may arise between the different clauses of the Bill of Rights. A typical example may be where the rights of an owner of immovable come into conflict with another person's right to housing. It must, however, always be borne in mind that no fundamental right is absolute that it is possible, under certain circumstances, to limit a fundamental right. This limitation may also occur in the case of property rights. Certain statutory developments took place since the promulgation of the Constitution. The most important of these developments is of course the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998. In terms of this Act it is required that certain formalities are to be fulfilled before an unlawful occupier may be evicted from property. The relevant part of the Act is the definition of an illegal occupier. Despite the fact that it was decided in several court cases that an illegal occupier does not include a person who previously had permission to occupy the property, it was decided by the Supreme Court of Appeal in Ndlovu v Ngcobo : Bekker v Jika that the act is applicable to such occupiers and specifically to lessees who's lease agreements have expired or a mortgagor who's mortgage has been foreclosed and who now refuses to vacate the property in question. The key findings are that the property concept has developed drastically since the Constitution. In regard to statutory development the most important development was the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act which was found to be applicable to all unlawful occupiers of property, regardless of the fact that the occupiers may previously have occupied the property lawfully. The Legal Amendment Bill is to rectify this in order to ensure that the Prevention of lllegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act will no longer be applicable to such occupiers and specifically to lessees who's lease agreements have expired or mortgagors who's bond have been called up and who now refuse to vacate the property in question This amendment will bring the (often) conflicting fundamental rights to property and housing into a greater degree of harmony, even though it will not solve all problems. It is the duty of the State to address this and all other potential conflict between different fundamental rights. The method used in this dissertation was the analytical study of statutes, court cases and articles in legal magazines. / Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Près d’un Canadien sur cinq est né à l’étranger. Les niveaux d’immigration ne cessant de croître, la façon dont ces nouveaux venus s’intégreront à leur société d’accueil joue grandement sur l’avenir du pays. Dans les études d'intégration, une attention particulière est portée aux jeunes formant la première et la seconde génération puisqu’ils représentent le lien intergénérationnel entre membres de leurs familles, communautés culturelles et natifs canadiens. Ce mémoire porte sur les tendances liées aux comportements matrimoniaux des différentes générations d’hommes et de femmes provenant de diverses régions géographiques, comparativement à ceux de la population canadienne, incluant l’analyse du rôle que pourraient y jouer les communautés culturelles. En utilisant le recensement de 2001, l'analyse fait une distinction entre le Québec et le reste du Canada, et se concentre sur la probabilité de vivre ou non en union selon l’âge puis, pour ceux en union, la probabilité d’être marié ou en union libre. Les résultats démontrent que les comportements matrimoniaux des immigrants issus d’une union mixte (ayant un parent né au Canada) se conforment plus rapidement à ceux de la population locale que ceux ayant deux parents nés à l’étranger. Aussi, nos résultats révèlent que les immigrants issus de diverses régions géographiques présentent des comportements matrimoniaux et des profils selon le statut générationnel distincts alors que certains d’entre eux ne montrent aucun signe de convergence vers les comportements matrimoniaux des natifs canadiens. Finalement, les résultats liés à la taille et à la présence d’une communauté culturelle varient selon les différents modèles. / Nearly one out of five Canadians was born abroad. Immigration levels keep growing and the ways in which these newcomers integrate into Canada will greatly affect the future of the country. In studies of integration, particular attention should be paid to young people of first and second generations, as they represent the intergenerational link between their families, cultural communities and native Canadians. This thesis focuses on the covariates of the matrimonial behaviours of different generations of immigrant men and women from different origin regions, compared to those of the local population, and examine the possible effects of cultural communities. Using 2001 census data, the analysis distinguishes between Quebec and the rest of Canada, and focuses on the probability of living in union by age and, of those in union, the probability that the union be marital versus common-law. Results show that the behaviors of immigrants of mixed unions (with one Canadian-born parent) are much more similar to those of local population, than those with both parents born abroad. Moreover, migrants of different geographic regions of origin display markedly different behaviors and different patterns of social integration across the generations, with some showing no evidence of a convergence to local norms. Finally, the effects of size and presence of a cultural community varies across the different models.